History

Eka Movement or Unity Movement is a peasant movement which surfaced in Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur during the end of 1921 by Madari Pasi, an offshoot of Non Cooperation Movement. The initial thrust was given by the leaders of Congress and Khilafat movement. The main reason for the movement was high rent, which was generally … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Eka movement

The name Khajuraho is derived from its Sanskrit nomenclature ‘Kharjuravahaka’ which is the confluence of two Sanskrit words ‘Kharjur’ meaning date palm and ‘Vahaka’ meaning bearer. There are about 25 temples spread over an area of approximately 6 square Km. The temples are grouped into three categories depending on their orientation – the Western Group … Read more DMPQ- Chandela architecture

Akbar’s policy (Akbar – Shah Jahan) After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close relationships with the Mughal emperors and served them in different capacities It was due to the support of the Rajputs that Akbar was able to lay the foundations of the Mughal empire in India. Some Rajput nobles gave away their … Read more DMPQ- Differentiate between the Akbar’s and Aurangzeb’s policy for Rajputs.

Alauddin took steps to make administration rigid and sound along with conquering of kingdom. He banned the meddling of Ulemas and other religious leaders in the administration. He declared that the Sultan’s will is the law. To curb the audacious relatives and aristocrats he took few very important steps. For example: He banned drinking of alcohol in … Read more DMPQ- Mention the administrative policies of Alauddin Khilji

Adhishsthana or the Base Platform – generally made of a solid block of granite laid out to hold the structure’s weight and also accentuate the temples upward thrust. Shringa or Central Tower – the whole temple structure is capped by an elevated structure that towers directly over the site where the deity is placed inside. … Read more DMPQ- What are the features of Khajrao temples?

Bengal Nawabs underestimated the hidden power and potential of EIC. They failed to grasp the true intention of EIC.  Nawabs were having the power to deal with the Company’s threats, but they continued tounderestimate the EIC power.They failed to see that the English Company was no mere company of traders but was therepresentative of the … Read more DMPQ:Bengal Nawabs short sightedness led to the stronghold of East India Company. Comment

Indus Valley Civilization Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium BCE. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab … Read more Revised Notes and Live Class- Indus Valley Civilization

None of the Indian powers rose to claim the heritage of the Grand Mughals for they were strong enough to destroy the Empire but not strong enough to unite it or to create anything new in its place. They could not create a new social order which could stand up to the new enemy from … Read more DMPQ:What were the major consequences of decline of Mughal empire?

Most of the invaders came from the north-western region, for them Panipat enroute to Delhi and positioned as a suitable battle field. Panipat is a plain, less sloped area and had less population. This geographical feature gave an advantage to the rulers to use tactical weapons and to employ sound war strategy. The area is … Read more DMPQ:- Why most of the battles were fought in Panipat?

200 years of British rule had some positive developments too and they eventually led to the formation of Modern India. The positive developments are as follows: Economy: A well-developed railway network across India. Immediately after independence, India could setup heavy industries because of this reason. Telegraph and postal system – post offices till today form … Read more DMPQ:The advent of British no doubt bring hardship, plunder, famine etc. But the British rule left behind some positive developments too. Do you agree ?

The contribution of Mughals to the art of painting was remarkable. The foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by Humayun when he was staying in Persia. He brought with him two painters – Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdal Samad to India. These two painters became famous during Akbar’s reign. Akbar commissioned the illustrations of … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on Mughal painting.

As an answer to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge, an All Parties Conference met in February 1928and appointed a subcommittee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to draft a. This was the first major attempt by the Indians to draft a constitutionalframework for the country. The committee included Tej Bahadur Sapru, Subhash Bose, M.S.Aney, Mangal Singh, Ali … Read more DMPQ-What were the main recommendations of Nehru Report?

From 1973 there was a sharp recession, growing unemployment,rampant inflation and scarcity of basic food. The oil crisis of the mid 70’s had also contributed to the crisis and all of these developments together led to riots and large-scale unrest and strikes and erosion of support for the Congress from the poor and the middle … Read more DMPQ :Write a short Note on J P Movement?

The Congress was on the brink of split. The 1907 session was to be held at Nagpur. But Nagpurwas the stronghold of Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The moderates were aware that the local delegateswould raise the issues in favor of the extremists. So, Gopal Krishna Gokhle got the venuechanged and the new venue was Surat which … Read more DMPQ-What is the importance of Surat Session in Indian National Movement?

Sardar’s greatest role in the integration of states was his able handling of the Hyderabad crisis. Most of the states acceded to India, Hyderabad was a landlocked state that stretched over 82,000 square miles (over 212,000 square kilometres) in southeastern India. While 87% of its 17 million people were Hindu, its ruler Nizam Osman Ali … Read more DMPQ- Give a detailed account of Hyderabad Operation Polo.

The group comprised of Kalidasa Vetala Bhatta Varahamihira Vararuchi Amarasimha Dhanvantari kshapanak Shanku Ghatakarpura Kalidasa Kalidasa was a famous Sanskrit writer and poet in the court of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya). Kalidasa was the author of three famous plays. Abhijnanasakuntalam :tells the story of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala Malavikagnimitramtells the story love of King Agnimitra with … Read more DMPQ- List out the Nine Gems or Navaratnas present in the court of Vikramaditya

The earliest efforts in Municipal administration in India were made in the Presidency Towns of Madras, Calcutta and Bombay. In 1687, an order of Court of Directors directed the formation of a Corporation of Europeans and Indian members of the city of Madras but the Corporation did not survive. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, … Read more DMPQ- The earliest efforts in Municipal administration in India were made in the British India.Justify.

No country under colonial dependence could undertake any industrial transformation, if not all-round development. Up to the First World War, India experienced the classic period of imperialism of free trade and the British Government’s unsympathetic, hostile policy against industry. In addition, shortage of capital, management experience and technical expertise, as well as the absence of … Read more DMPQ-Evaluate the development of Industries in India in the Inter-War Period (1919-38).

Religious reform began among the Parsis in Mumbai in the middle of the 19th century. In 1851, the Rehnumai Maz’dayasan Sabha or Religious Reform Association was founded by Nauroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.S. Bengalee and others. They started a journal Rast Goftar, for the purpose of social-religious reforms among the Parsis. They also played an … Read more DMPQ- Parsi religious reform movement in British India enabled the Parsis to became socially the most westernized section of Indian society. Justify.

Socialism also had a revolutionary side. One such important organization was Hindustan socialist republican army (HSRA). Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary organisation, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and others. Previously it was known as Hindustan … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the role of Revolutionary socialist movement in Independence struggle of India.

The three secrets of the Bhagavad-Gita Great scholars of the Bhagavad-Gita say that the scripture fundamentally deals with three primary teachings, which are called the three secrets. The first secret is about duty. A person must do his duty according to his nature (swadharmacharana). The second truth is about the hidden Self. In everyone there … Read more DMPQ- Mention the The three secrets of the Bhagavad-Gita.

Economic Critique of British Empire: It was perhaps the most important contribution ofthe moderates. RC Dutt, DadabhaiNaroji (Drain Theory). They also exposed the ill effectof foreign capital in India in form of suppression of Indian industries. ? Constitutional Reforms: Indian Councils Act of 1892 was result of their efforts which increased the number of members … Read more DMPQ:During 18885-1905 freedom struggle witnessed Moderate phase. Discuss the contribution of Moderates in freedom struggle.

The Extremists wanted to extend the Boycott and Swadeshi Movement to regions outsideBengal and also to include all forms of associations (such as government service, law courts,legislative councils, etc.) within the boycott programme and thus start a nationwide massmovement. The Moderates, on the other hand, were not in favour of extending the movement beyondBengal and … Read more DMPQ:What were the factors that led to the rift between extremist and moderates and eventually Surat Split?

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta, in the 1820s, promoted radicalideas and encouraged his pupils to question all authority. Referred to as the Young BengalMovement, his students attacked tradition and custom, demanded education for women andcampaigned for the freedom of thought and expression. The Derozians, however, failed to have a long-term … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on young Bengal movement.(history)

LW was governor general of India during 1798-1805 and he played a major role in the expansion of East India Company.  His main objective were to expand British rule in India and to extend the trade relationship of the East India Company bringing as many Indian states as possible under British control  Prevent Indian rulers … Read more DMPQ- Elaborate upon the role of Lord Wellesley in the expansion of East India company in India and making it paramount Power. (HISTORY)

Main Differences Between Mathura School of Arts and Gandhara School of Arts-   (1) Origin Mathura School: No foreign Influence, however, later it cross fertilized with the Gandhara School. Its development took place indigenously. Gandhara School: Strong Greek influence.  Was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the Main Differences Between Mathura School of Arts and Gandhara School of Arts.

The Hunas’ invasion in India had far reaching effects and significance in Indian History, as mentioned below: First of all, the Hunas had destroyed the dominance of the Gupta Empire in India and on their feudatories. Small kingdoms began to grow and prosper on the ruins of the Gupta Empire. The trade connections between the … Read more DMPQ- Mention the significance of the Huna invasions in the Indian History.

The illegal use of Mughal Imperial export trade permits (dastaks) granted to the British in 1717, for engaging in internal trade within India. The British cited this permit as their excuse for not paying taxes to the Bengal Nawab. British interference in the Nawab’s court, and particularly their support for one of his aunts, Ghaseti … Read more DMPQ- What were the causes which led to The Battle of Plassey ?

Popularly known as the “Grand Old Man of India”, DadabhaiNaoroji was born in Bombay on 4September 1825 in a Parsi family with a prominent lineage of Zoroastrian priests. The youngNaoroji was therefore brought up to take on his father’s profession of conducting rites andrituals for the Parsi community. However, destiny ordained otherwise.Dadabhainaoroji was a Parsi … Read more DMPQ-Elaborate upon the contribution of DadabhaiNaroji in Indian National freedom struggle. (HISTORY)

Not contented with the political mendicancy of the ‘moderates’ and the inefficient decisionmaking of the ‘extremist’, the advent of individual and revolutionary terrorism was gettingprominence in the freedom struggle.Indian youth resort to revolutionary terrorism during the independence struggle in threephases: like post Bengal patrician, between NCM and CDM, and last phase post Quit IndiaMovement. The … Read more DMPQ-Why did youth were not in conformity with the ideals of moderates during freedom struggle? (Indian History)

Proto-historic period is the age nearest to the historical period. In so far as India is concerned the civilisation of the Vedic period is the proto-historic period. The hymns composed by the Vedic priests had perfected a poetic technique. These hymns were praise of their gods and were sung at sacrifices. These were not reduced … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay on the Proto-historic period of India.

Most important change was the evolution of caste system. Various sub castes evolved in addition to the traditional four-castes. The Brahmanas and Kshatriyas emerged as the two leading castes out of the general mass of population, known as vaisyas. The vaisyas were superior to the sudras but their position was steadily deteriorating. The Aitaraya Brahmana … Read more DMPQ- Mention the main features of the social life of Later Vedic period.

Causes of Decline: Decline of Indian courts: The disappearance of Indian courts struck the first blow at Indian handicrafts. As native states passed under British rule, the demand for fine articles, for display in durbars and other ceremonial occasions disappeared. The ordinary demand did continue for sometime longer, but the younger generation lacked the means … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Causes of Decline of Indian Handicraft in British India.

Judicial Reforms Cornwallis introduced some significant reforms in the sphere of judicial administration and tried to complete the unfinished work of Warren Hastings. During his period number of revenue districts was reduced from 35 to 23 in the Presidency of Bengal. The collector was the head of the district. In 1787 district courts were presided … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the Judicial Reforms by Lord Cornwallis in British India.

Poona Pact of 1932 is an agreement between the untouchables or depressed classes of India and the Hindus. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar led the depressed class. The Poona Pact took place at Yerawada Jail in Pune, Maharashtra on 24th September, 1932.During the first Round Table Conference, Ambedkar favored the move of the British Government to provide separate … Read more DMPQ- Explain the impact of Poona Pact of 1932 on the depressed class movements of British India.

Administrative and Judicial Reforms: The administrative structure of British India had been given shape by Cornwallis. But since the days of Cornwallis the company had made great advances, and defects in that structure became apparent as it had not kept pace with the advance. The judicial system especially suffered from the three great evils of … Read more DMPQ- Illustrate the Administrative and Judicial Reforms by Lord William Bentick in British India.

On March 20, 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the Meerut Conspiracy Case. Most of the WPP leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years, thus outliving the WPP. Tengdi, the WPP of … Read more DMPQ- What was Meerut Conspiracy case ?

The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny or the Bombay Mutiny was the revolt of the Indian sailors. The sailors who belonged to the Royal Indian Navy on board ship and shore establishments at Bombay harbour went for a strike and organised a mutiny on 18th February 1946.The whole mutiny involved 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and … Read more DMPQ- What were the causes and effects of The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (RIN Mutiny)

The Licchavis turned to be great rivals of Magadhan monarchy. In the reign of Bimbisara of Magadha, they invaded the Magadhan kingdom. In the reign of Ajatasatru, a protracted war began between Magadha and the Lichchhavis. The latter were united with the Vajjis in a confederacy. In the struggle that followed the Lichchhavis and the Vajjis … Read more DMPQ- How was The Magadha-Licchavi Struggleled to the fall of the Licchavis rule?

The attitude of the British Government had also changed which now wanted to suppress every movement which will hamper its war image .As a result the quit India resolution was passed on 8th August and by 24 hours on 9 August Gandhi and all prominent leaders were arrested. Congress was declared an illegal party and … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the attitude of the British Government toward Quit India Movement

Chalcolithic period Art: Copper age art. The paintings of this period reveal the association, contact and mutual exchange of requirements of the cave dwellers of this area with settled agricultural communities of the Malwa Plateau. Pottery and metal tools can be seen in paintings. Similarities with rock paintings:Common motifs (designs/patterns like cross-hatched squares, lattices etc) … Read more DMPQ- What are the main features of Chalcolithic period Art?

The earliest evidence of pottery manufacture comes from the site of Mehrgarh in Baluchistan, dated to 6500 BC. One of the characteristic features of the Chalcolithic period is a well-developed ceramic industry. They produced fine painted and plain and coarse pottery for a variety of purposes. Besides, the people of the Ahar and Narahan cultures … Read more DMPQ- Explain Ochre Coloured Pottery.

The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was enacted to curtail the freedom of the Indian-languages’ press. Lord Lytton was being bitterly criticized for the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). So, he promulgated the act with an aim to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies under him. The act excluded English-language publications. It … Read more DMPQ- Explain main features of Vernacular Press Act, 1878.

Mesolithic period Art: The largest number of paintings belongs to this period. Themes multiply but the paintings are small in size. Hunting scenes predominate Hunters in groups armed with barbed spears pointed sticks, arrows, and bows. Trap and snares used to catch animals can be seen in some paintings. Mesolithic people loved to point animals. … Read more DMPQ- What are the main features of Mesolithic period Art?

Effects of Doctrine of Lapse: Many Indian states lost their sovereignty and became British territories. This led to a lot of unrest among the Indian princes. A lot of people were unhappy with the ‘illegal’ nature of this doctrine and this was one of the causes of the Indian Revolt of 1857. Nana Sahib and … Read more DMPQ- What are the main effects of Doctrine of Lapse?

Dissatisfaction amongst Afghan nobles who supported Jalal- ud- Din. These nobles were brutally massacred by Imbrahim Lodi. Failure of administrative systems and blocking of trade routes which resulted in complete degeneration of the empires economy. Danger and threats posed by Rajput kings on Lodi armies. Bad economic conditions and fast draining treasuries due to continuous … Read more DMPQ- What were the causes for the Decline of Lodi Dynasty?

Pala Dynasty administration was Monarchial and King or Monarch was the centre of all power. Pala rulers adopted Imperial titles like Parameshwar, Paramvattaraka, and Maharajadhiraja. They appointed Prime Ministers and the Line of Garga served as the Prime Ministers of the Palas for 100 years. Pala Empire was divided into separate Vuktis (Provinces), Vuktis into … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the effective Pala Administration

Expenditure carried out by company up to 1858 and by British government after 1858 in London on behalf of India. Home charges include – ? Dividend paid to shareholders by company. ? Interest paid by company on the loans raised in London. ? Salary and pensions of officials working in London. ? Pension of officials … Read more DMPQ- “ Home charges” is one of the main component of drain of wealth. Explain the term Home charge.

Naoroji was a prominent figure and play a significant role in Indian national movement. He was the first Asian to be member of British Parliament.  His work find mention across all fields i.e. social, political, economic etc . For his contribution he is regarded as the Grand Old man of India. In 1866 he founded … Read more DMPQ-Discuss the contribution of Dada Bhai Naroji in Indian National Movement.

Raja Ram tried to create a new Hindu religion philosophy and enfolded in it the existence of one God and other beliefs, which were then not the predominant features in Hinduism. He attacked some Hindu traditions and features among them caste system, child marriages, Sati – burning of the live wife over her dead husband’s pyre, idolatry and other … Read more DMPQ- Throw light on the contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.