Category: History

The Despatch is a very important educational document and holds a unique place in the history of Indian education. It placed the responsibility of education of the Indian people fully on the company and stated quite explicitly that it must Read More …

Nasik conspiracy case:   On 21st of December, 1909 , A M T (Arthur Mason Tippets) Jackson the magistrate at Nasik was enjoying a theatre where a drama was staged in his honour on the evening of his transfer. A Read More …

In 1873, Jyotiba Phule formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth). He undertook a systematic deconstruction of existing beliefs and history, only to reconstruct an equality promoting version. Jyotirao vehemently condemned the Vedas, the ancient holy scriptures Read More …

Telugu literature blossomed under the Reddy kings. The Reddy kings also patronized Sanskrit. Several of the Reddy kings themselves were distinguished scholars and authors. Kumaragiri Reddy, Kataya Vema Reddy and Pedakomati Vema Reddy were the most outstanding among them. Errapragada Read More …

Kathakali Kathakali is the classical dance form of Kerala. The word Kathakali literally means “Story-Play”. Kathakali is known for its heavy, elaborate makeup and costumes. In fact, the colorful and fascinating costumes of Kathakali have become the most recognized icon Read More …

The real contribution of Ambedkar is reflected in the protective discrimination scheme or the reservation policy of the government envisaged under some provisions of Part III and many of Part IV dealing with the constitutional mandate to ameliorate the condition Read More …

? The Upanishadic Ideal of service is based on the concepts of Truth, Dharma and Yajna. Without comprehending these three concepts we cannot understand what we have come to recognise as service today – the most appealing and popular component Read More …

Akbar’s diplomatic policy regarding the Rajputs was later damaged by the intolerant rules introduced by his great-grandson Aurangzeb. A prominent example of these rules included the re-imposition of Jaziya, which had been abolished by Akbar. However,despite imposition of Jaziya Aurangzeb’s Read More …

The three secrets of the Bhagavad-Gita ? Great scholars of the Bhagavad-Gita say that the scripture fundamentally deals with three primary teachings, which are called the three secrets. ? The first secret is about duty. A person must do his Read More …

The man who is most frequently associated with the struggle for the freedom of Press during the nationalist movement is Bal Gangadhar Tilak. In 1881, along with G G Agarkar, he founded the newspapers Kesari and Mahratta. In 1893, he Read More …

The Paramara kings were great builders of magnificent cities, lakes, and temples. Bhoja rebuilt the city of Dhara. A Hoysala grant from Belur, dated 1117 A. D., records that “Dhara was made prosperous by Bhoja.’ Since his reign, it had Read More …

The partition of India had been the real instance of peoples` demand through their representatives. The initial demand for a separate state was made by an eminent writer and philosopher Allama Iqbal who raised his voice for a separate electorate Read More …

Vesara style of architecture contains building in the Deccan region which are of hybridized style i.e. it contains both the elements of Nagara and Dravida architectural style. The vesara style came into existence after the mid 7th century. It was Read More …

The political Associations and activities in pre-Congress period in India and abroad regarding the Indian freedom struggle made it mandatory to form an All-India Association that would lead the country against the foreign rulers. Example Zamindari Association, The Indian Association Read More …

Significance of the movement: It gave a new life to the passive state of freedom struggle after swadeshi movement. Its methodology of organising meetings, seminars, lantern lectures lead to the infusing of Nationalism among masses. It prepared masses for upcoming Read More …

  Asokan pillar Achaemenian Pillar. Smooth surface of Pillar Persian pillars are fluted Monolithic Built of separate segments Free standing pillar Were part of some larger architectural scheme, composed of too many parts shape and ornamentation of the Maurya lotus Read More …

These style is also called as the Deccan style as most of the temples of this Temple architecture style are found in Deccan region. Characteristics: It is a hybridized style formed by combining features of both Dravida and Nagara Style Read More …

Pabna Peasant Uprising (1873-76) was a resistance movement by the peasants (“Ryots”) against the lords of the lands in Bengal (“zamindars”) in the Yusufshahi pargana (now the Sirajganj District, Bangladesh) in Pabna. The Pabna rebellion was different from most contemporary Read More …

While the reformist movements strived to change the fundamental system and structures of the society through gradual changes within the existing institutions; revivalist movements tended to revive former customs or practices and thus take the society back to the glorious Read More …

Zardozi embroidery is beautiful metal embroidery, which once used to embellish the attire of the Kings and the royals in India. It was also used to adorn walls of the royal tents, scabbards, wall hangings and the paraphernalia of regal Read More …

The Royal Indian Navy mutiny was arguably the single most important event in convincing the British government that it could no longer hold on to India. The RIN revolt started on 18 February 1946 in Bombay. The naval ratings on Read More …

NCM:   it means to refuse to co-operate govt this movement was launched to unify hindus and muslims. this movement began in the year of 1921. women didn’t participated in this movement on a large scale. the main cause for Read More …

Main provisions of August offer are : During the course of the 2nd World War, in order to secure the cooperation of the Indians, the British Government made an announcement on 8 August 1940, which came to be known as the Read More …

The major demands can be put under following head and are as follows: Constitutional Opportunity for participation in the government was one of the major demands of the Indian National Congress. It demanded Indian representation in the government. Economic High Read More …

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist. He was elected to  the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s. Elected to the British Parliament in 1892, he founded the Read More …

The Home Rule League Movement (1916-18) was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra (excluding Bombay), Karnataka, Central Provinces and Berar and Annie Besant in the rest of the country. It was inspired by the Irish Home Rule Movement. The Read More …

Company’s Struggle for Equality with Indian States from a Position of Subordination (1740-1765):   Starting with Anglo-French rivalry with the coming of Dupleix in 1751, the East India Company asserted political identity with capture of Arcot (1751). With the Battle Read More …

It combines the techniques of both rod and string puppetry. They are made of wood and the strings for manipulation and are tied to an iron ring in which the puppeteer wears a crown on his head. This puppet dance Read More …

People belonging to the Chalcolithic age domesticated animals and practised agriculture. They produced not only wheat and rice, but also cultivated bajra and pulses. All these cereals have been found at Navdatoli situated on the bank of the Narmada in Read More …

Anasuya Sarabhai was born in 1885 into a business family of Ahmedabad. She pioneered women’ labor movement in India. She founded the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association (Majoor Mahajan Sangh), India’s oldest union of textile workers, in 1920. In 1912 she Read More …

Arjuna’s Penance Mamallapuram   This magnificent relief, carved in the mid-seventh century, measures approximately 30m (100ft) long by 15m (45ft) high. Its huge size and scale is difficult to imagine just from photographs; a person standing on the ground in Read More …

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire existing from the midto- late 3rd century CE to 543 CE. Brahmagupta (born c. 598 CE, died c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is the author of two Read More …

The Tebhaga movement, led by the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha, thus soon developed into a clash between jotedars and bargadars. Tebhaga literally means ‘three shares’ of harvests. Traditionally, sharecroppers used to hold their tenancy on a fifty-fifty basis of the Read More …

Ijaradari system was a form of land revenue system where the right of collecting revenue of a particular area was auctioned to the highest bidder. The Ijaradari system, which started from Shah Jahan’s time, grew more during the time of Read More …

Pochampally Ikat is a well-known form of saree made in Bhooda Pochampally and surrounding villages in Telangana State, India. these are popular for their traditional geometric patterns with the Ikat style of dyeing. Pochampally Ikat saree is the first traditional Read More …

Balshastri Jambhekar (1812-1846) was a pioneer of social reform through journalism in Bombay; he attacked brahminical orthodoxy and tried to reform popular Hinduism. He started the newspaper Darpan in 1832. He is known as the father of Marathi journalism. In Read More …

Difference between Hindustani and Carnatic Music: Carnatic music is a system of music associated with the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. Hindustani music is associated with North India and is deeply influenced by the Persian and Islamic music systems. Read More …

For political matters, the Board of Control was created and for commercial affairs, the Court of Directors was appointed. The Board of Control took care of civil and military affairs. It comprised of 6 people: Secretary of State (Board President) Read More …

Bhakti movement also provided an impetus to the growth of other regional languages such as Telugu and Kannada in the south Mahabharata was translated into Telugu by Nannaya in the 11th century AD. This was considered as the beginning of Read More …

The Irwin Declaration was a statement made by Lord Irwin, then Viceroy of India, on 31 October 1929 regarding the status of India in the British empire. It was intended to placate leaders of the Indian nationalist movement who had Read More …

The 19th century began witnessing a growing discontent against the British rule in India. This gave birth to an organized national movement. Inspired by this movement, there emerged a corpus of literature which in turn contributed to the growth and Read More …

Indian (National) Social Conference was founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It was virtually the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress. Its first session was held in Madras in December 1887. The Conference met annually as a Read More …

It is an all India Non-Governmental Organization founded by Mahatma Gandhi on September 30, 1932, following a large public meeting held in Bombay under the Presidentship of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. The meeting was prompted by the epic fast of Read More …

Architecture in Odisha found its supreme expression in the form of temples, some of which are among, finest in the country. o Of these, three are most famous the Lingaraja temple at Bhubaneswar (11th century), the Jagannath Temple at Puri Read More …

The emergence of Bodhisattva is central to Mahayana sect of Buddhism, which emerged during the fourth council of Buddhism held in 1st century A.D at Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka. The worship of images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas Read More …

The first one was proclaimed in Ballia, in East U P, in August 1942 under the leadership of Chittu Pande, who called himself a Gandhian. Though it succeeded in getting the Collector to hand over power and release all the Read More …

Nath-Panthis are a Shaivist sub-tradition within Hinduism. A medieval movement, combined ideas from Buddhism, Shaivism and Yoga traditions in India. The Naths have been a confederation of devotees who consider Adinatha, or Shiva, as their first lord or guru, with Read More …

Iqta system It was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the Delh Sultanate. Under the system, the whole empire was divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the iqtas, which were assigned Read More …

The Ib?dat Kh?na (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) at Fatehpur Sikri to gather spiritual leaders of different religious grounds so as to conduct a discussion on the Read More …