Category: History

NCM:   it means to refuse to co-operate govt this movement was launched to unify hindus and muslims. this movement began in the year of 1921. women didn’t participated in this movement on a large scale. the main cause for Read More …

Main provisions of August offer are : During the course of the 2nd World War, in order to secure the cooperation of the Indians, the British Government made an announcement on 8 August 1940, which came to be known as the Read More …

The major demands can be put under following head and are as follows: Constitutional Opportunity for participation in the government was one of the major demands of the Indian National Congress. It demanded Indian representation in the government. Economic High Read More …

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist. He was elected to  the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s. Elected to the British Parliament in 1892, he founded the Read More …

The Home Rule League Movement (1916-18) was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra (excluding Bombay), Karnataka, Central Provinces and Berar and Annie Besant in the rest of the country. It was inspired by the Irish Home Rule Movement. The Read More …

Company’s Struggle for Equality with Indian States from a Position of Subordination (1740-1765):   Starting with Anglo-French rivalry with the coming of Dupleix in 1751, the East India Company asserted political identity with capture of Arcot (1751). With the Battle Read More …

It combines the techniques of both rod and string puppetry. They are made of wood and the strings for manipulation and are tied to an iron ring in which the puppeteer wears a crown on his head. This puppet dance Read More …

People belonging to the Chalcolithic age domesticated animals and practised agriculture. They produced not only wheat and rice, but also cultivated bajra and pulses. All these cereals have been found at Navdatoli situated on the bank of the Narmada in Read More …

Anasuya Sarabhai was born in 1885 into a business family of Ahmedabad. She pioneered women’ labor movement in India. She founded the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association (Majoor Mahajan Sangh), India’s oldest union of textile workers, in 1920. In 1912 she Read More …

Arjuna’s Penance Mamallapuram   This magnificent relief, carved in the mid-seventh century, measures approximately 30m (100ft) long by 15m (45ft) high. Its huge size and scale is difficult to imagine just from photographs; a person standing on the ground in Read More …

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire existing from the midto- late 3rd century CE to 543 CE. Brahmagupta (born c. 598 CE, died c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is the author of two Read More …

The Tebhaga movement, led by the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha, thus soon developed into a clash between jotedars and bargadars. Tebhaga literally means ‘three shares’ of harvests. Traditionally, sharecroppers used to hold their tenancy on a fifty-fifty basis of the Read More …

Ijaradari system was a form of land revenue system where the right of collecting revenue of a particular area was auctioned to the highest bidder. The Ijaradari system, which started from Shah Jahan’s time, grew more during the time of Read More …

Pochampally Ikat is a well-known form of saree made in Bhooda Pochampally and surrounding villages in Telangana State, India. these are popular for their traditional geometric patterns with the Ikat style of dyeing. Pochampally Ikat saree is the first traditional Read More …

Balshastri Jambhekar (1812-1846) was a pioneer of social reform through journalism in Bombay; he attacked brahminical orthodoxy and tried to reform popular Hinduism. He started the newspaper Darpan in 1832. He is known as the father of Marathi journalism. In Read More …

Difference between Hindustani and Carnatic Music: Carnatic music is a system of music associated with the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. Hindustani music is associated with North India and is deeply influenced by the Persian and Islamic music systems. Read More …

For political matters, the Board of Control was created and for commercial affairs, the Court of Directors was appointed. The Board of Control took care of civil and military affairs. It comprised of 6 people: Secretary of State (Board President) Read More …

Bhakti movement also provided an impetus to the growth of other regional languages such as Telugu and Kannada in the south Mahabharata was translated into Telugu by Nannaya in the 11th century AD. This was considered as the beginning of Read More …

The Irwin Declaration was a statement made by Lord Irwin, then Viceroy of India, on 31 October 1929 regarding the status of India in the British empire. It was intended to placate leaders of the Indian nationalist movement who had Read More …

The 19th century began witnessing a growing discontent against the British rule in India. This gave birth to an organized national movement. Inspired by this movement, there emerged a corpus of literature which in turn contributed to the growth and Read More …

Indian (National) Social Conference was founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It was virtually the social reform cell of the Indian National Congress. Its first session was held in Madras in December 1887. The Conference met annually as a Read More …

It is an all India Non-Governmental Organization founded by Mahatma Gandhi on September 30, 1932, following a large public meeting held in Bombay under the Presidentship of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. The meeting was prompted by the epic fast of Read More …

Architecture in Odisha found its supreme expression in the form of temples, some of which are among, finest in the country. o Of these, three are most famous the Lingaraja temple at Bhubaneswar (11th century), the Jagannath Temple at Puri Read More …

The emergence of Bodhisattva is central to Mahayana sect of Buddhism, which emerged during the fourth council of Buddhism held in 1st century A.D at Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka. The worship of images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas Read More …

The first one was proclaimed in Ballia, in East U P, in August 1942 under the leadership of Chittu Pande, who called himself a Gandhian. Though it succeeded in getting the Collector to hand over power and release all the Read More …

Nath-Panthis are a Shaivist sub-tradition within Hinduism. A medieval movement, combined ideas from Buddhism, Shaivism and Yoga traditions in India. The Naths have been a confederation of devotees who consider Adinatha, or Shiva, as their first lord or guru, with Read More …

Iqta system It was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the Delh Sultanate. Under the system, the whole empire was divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the iqtas, which were assigned Read More …

The Ib?dat Kh?na (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) at Fatehpur Sikri to gather spiritual leaders of different religious grounds so as to conduct a discussion on the Read More …

1918-1924: The early trade union phase This period marked the birth of true trade union movement in India. It was organised along the lines of unions in the industrialised world. The deteriorated living conditions caused by the first world war Read More …

Aihole also referred to as Aivalli, Ahivolal or Aryapura, is a historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in north Karnataka, India dated from the sixth century through the twelfth century CE. Aihole is 22 Read More …

Vitarka Mudra: It signifies the discussion and transmission of the teachings of the Buddha. It is performed by joining the tips of the thumb and the index fingers together while keeping the other fingers straight, which is just like to Read More …

The period roughly between the 3rd century B.C. and 3rd century A.D. in South India (the area lying to the south of river Krishna and Tungabhadra) is known as Sangam Period.It has been named after the Sangam academies held during Read More …

Ellora Caves It one of the largest rock-hewn monastic-temple complexes in the entire world. There are 34 caves, structures are excavated out of the vertical face of the hills. Cave Architecture – Out of these, there are 12 Mahayana Buddhist Read More …

The Karnata Dravidian tradition developed in the 7th century under the patronage of Badami Chalukya got matured under Western Chalukya (Kalyani Chalukya) in the 11nth century. The Chalukya style got perfection as an independent style under Hoysala rule in the 13nth Read More …

Khudkasht:          Those residential peasants living in their own village, owning their own land and implements, paying the land-revenue at a concessional rate, formed the governing body of the village community. Also called mirasdars in Maharashtra and gharu-hala in Rajasthan. Pahi-kasht:          Read More …

Mahabalipuram or Mamallapuram is a historic city and UNESCO World Heritage site in Tamil Nadu, India. During the reign of the Pallava dynasty, between the 3rd century CE and 7th century CE, it became an important centre of art, architecture Read More …

Thanjavur paintings basically signify paintings created using a style and technique, which originated in Thanjavur during the maratha period in the 16th century. A typical Thanjavur painting would consist of one main figure, a deity, with a well-rounded body & Read More …

The concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule. It is used in parliamentary parlance often for floor management by political parties in the legislature. A whip is a written order that political party issue to its members Read More …

None of the Indian powers rose to claim the heritage of the Grand Mughals for they were strong enough to destroy the Empire but not strong enough to unite it or to create anything new in its place. They could Read More …

Amaravati School represents the evolution of uniquely beautiful regional art style based on a thriving commercial and imperial system. The Amravati Stupas began about the time of Christ but the perfection of form and proportion seen in the middle phase Read More …

The 1971 India-Pakistan and the Shimla Agreement of July 2, 1972 are some of the most important events of the 20th century history of the Indian subcontinent.The 1971 war culminated in the capture of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners and a unilateral Read More …

While Gandhi and Ambedkar hold similar standpoints on the relation between religious orderings of the world and shapes of social existence, they sharply diverge, on certain occasions, regarding the question of what the crucial terms ‘caste’ and var?a refer to, Read More …

Salient features are as follows: Holistic involvement of all stakeholders like women, Harijan, Industralist, young and old ones. Movements were truly Mass movement. Non violence and satyagraha were two biggest element of Indian freedom struggle. Movement were well planned and Read More …

The 1931 Poona Pact shaped India’s Dalit political representation, and its implications are felt even in today’s parliamentary elections. At the heart of it lay a fundamental difference in their points of view. While Gandhi saw untouchability as a social Read More …

  Indo-Islamic architecture begins with the Ghurid occupation of India at the close of the 12 century A.D. The Muslims having inherited a wealth of varied designs from Sassanian and Byzantine empires and being naturally endowed with good taste for Read More …

Sardar Patel, the architect and unifier of modern India, was not only a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi but also his ardent follower. Patel was a selfless leader, who placed the country’s interests above everything else and shaped India’s destiny Read More …

Cornwallis’s greatest achievement in India was the reorganization of the land taxation, known as the Permanent Settlement of 1793. Agricultural land in Bengal was cultivated by a large number of small farmers, who paid rent to a group of zamindars Read More …

Jyoti rao phule is considered as one of the major reformer of 19th century. His contribution towards women education, eradication of caste system, raising voice against the social evils like untouchability  etc. is unparalleled in the Modern history. Jyotirao established Read More …

  Ahmadiya Movement: This movement was founded by MirzaGhulam Ahmed in 1889. It was based on liberal principles. It described itself as the standard bearer of Mohamedan Renaissance, and based itself, like BrahmoSamaj, on the principle of Universal religion of Read More …