One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
Alauddin took steps to make administration rigid and sound along with conquering of kingdom. He banned the meddling of Ulemas and other religious leaders in the administration. He declared that the Sultan’s will is the law. To curb the audacious relatives and aristocrats he took few very important steps. For example: He banned drinking of alcohol in … Read more
A hydroelectric power plant consists of a high dam that is built across a large river to create a reservoir, and a station where the process of energy conversion to electricity takes place.The first step in the generation of energy in a hydropower plant is the collection of run-off of seasonal rain and snow in … Read more
S.No. Himalayan drainage Peninsular drainage 1. Perennial in nature. Seasonal in nature 2. Both snow fed and monsoon n fed Monsoon fed 3. Voluminous Less voluminous 4. Very large command area Less Command area 5. Himalayan river exhibits antecedent character Consequent character is exhibited 6. All Himalayan rivers form delta at the mouth Form … Read more
In reality the parliamentary control over the executive is more theoretical than practical. The following factors are responsible for this: The administration has grown in volume and the Parliament has neither the time nor the expertise to control it. Parliamentarians are usually laymen who face difficulty in understanding the demands for grants which is technical … Read more
: The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of India between 1848 and 1856. There was a widespread custom of adoption among the Indian kings to secure an heir in the absence of a natural successor i.e. son. But as per the doctrine of lapse … Read more
Early Nationalists neither desired complete independence nor adopted any aggressive attitude against the foreign government. They relied on petition, prayer, and moderate criticism of government policies as their methods. They had faith in the British idea of justice. They believed that just by drawing attention of the government towards a particular problem e.g. lack of … Read more
. The Constitution has constituted the Supreme Court as the guarantor and defender of the fundamental rights of the citizens. The Supreme Court is empowered to issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo-warrento and certiorari for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen. In this regard, the Supreme Court has original … Read more
Ramanuja: Born in A.D. 1166 in a small town near Chenni (Madras), Ramanuja was a worshipper of Vishnu and preached Vaishnavism. He had a great following in the South. Ramananda: The greatest preacher of this cult in north India was Ramananda. He discarded all caste distinctions and his disciples belonged to all castes. Kabir: … Read more
. The Indian Parliament cannot be regarded as a sovereign body as there are ‘legal’ restrictions on its authority and jurisdiction. The factors that limit the sovereignty of Indian Parliament are: Written Nature of the Constitution The Constitution is the fundamental law of the land in our country. It has defined the authority and jurisdiction … Read more
. The noncooperation movement spread from cities to rural areas and included peasants tribal areas as well. In Awadh, peasants were led by ‘Baba Ramchandra’ – a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents and a … Read more
Under President’s Rule: The State Governments cannot ignore the directions of the Union Government, otherwise the President can take the action against the Government of the State stating that the administration cannot be carried on the accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and thus can impose President’s rule on the State. In such an … Read more
Chemical weapons are specialised weapons that deliver chemicals that inflict death or injury on humans through chemical actions. They are also called poor man’s bomb because they are relatively cheap and easy to produce. Example of chemical weapons are mustard gas, phosgene, chlorine and nerve agents sarin and VX. Sarin: The UN had confirmed … Read more
Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad is the upper house in bicameral legislatures in some states of India. Article 169 of the constitution of India deals with the creation or abolition of State Legislative Councils. The power of abolition and creation of the State legislative council is vested in Parliament of India as per article 169. To create … Read more
Social Media can be defined as any web or mobile based platform that enables an individual or agency to communicate interactively and enables exchange of user generated content and it is explained by a number of tools, which includes blogs, Wikis, discussion forums, micro-blogs, twitter and social networking sites. Internet has become a platform for coordination … Read more
Disinvestment, or divestment, refers to the act of a business or government selling or liquidating an asset or subsidiary or the process of dilution of a government’s stake in a PSU (Public Sector Undertaking). The concept of disinvestment follows the dictum: The government has no business to be in business. Thus, the government continues to … Read more
Biodynamics a holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to farming, gardening, food, and nutrition. Biodynamics is rooted to integrate scientific understanding with a recognition of spirit in nature. Around the world, biodynamics is alive in thousands of thriving gardens, farms, vineyards, ranches, and orchards. The principles and practices of biodynamics can be applied anywhere food is … Read more
These style is also called as the Deccan style as most of the temples of this Temple architecture style are found in Deccan region. Characteristics: It is a hybridized style formed by combining features of both Dravida and Nagara Style of Temple architecture. This style had Spire shaped Shikhara inspired by Nagara style The Mandapa … Read more
Besides the longitudinal divisions, the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. Punjab Himalaya: The part of the Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal … Read more
Cholas were great patron of art and architecture. Brihadeshwar temple and bronze sculpture of Nataraj are testimony to that. Cholas built many temples throughout their kingdoms. For example temple at Narthamalai, kumbakonam, etc. The major features of Chola art and architecture are as follows: Architecture: Use of local stones They followed the pallava style … Read more
India is mainly a rural country. Nearly 68% of the people reside in the rural area. The reasons for rural poverty are multi dimensional. The reasons are social, economical, geographical. Economic cause Low agricultural productivity. Over reliance on agriculture.( quote the data) Unequal distribution of land and other assets Decline of Village industries Immobility … Read more
Krishna Raja Wodeyar III was responsible for the cultural growth of the Mysore. Krishna Raja Wodeyar III was himself a writer, having written the books on Kannada Language like Sritattvanidhi and Sougandhikaparinaya. Krishna Raja Wodeyar III also has a number of writers in his court who together contributed to the development of modern prose in … Read more
. Important tools which come under Biotechnology are as follows: Genetic engineering Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Traditionally, humans have manipulated genomes indirectly by controlling breeding and selecting offspring with desired traits. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or … Read more
In order to ensure holistic development of adolescent population, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched Rashtriya Kishor SwasthyaKaryakram (RKSK) on 7th January 2014 to reach out to 253 million adolescents – male and female, rural and urban, married and unmarried, in and out-of-school adolescents with special focus on marginalized and undeserved groups . … Read more
Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India is being marked this April. It was undertaken in the erstwhile undivided Champaran district in northern Bihar. He went there in April, 1917 on learning about the abuses suffered by the cultivators of the district, forced into growing indigo by British planters/estate owners. ‘The Champaran tenant’, informs Gandhi, ‘was … Read more
Shell companies are typically corporate entities which do not have any active business operations or significant assets in their possession. A shell company may be a legal entity or not. Issues associated with shell companies: There is no clear definition of shell companies. Even under the companies act they are not defined. Out of the … Read more
A pressure group is a group of people who are organised actively for promoting and defending their common interest. It is so called as it attempts to bring a change in public policy by exerting pressure on the government. It acts as a liaison between the government and its members. Example: All India Trade Union … Read more
The Governor-General of Bengal was re-designated as the Governor-General of India. This made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor-General of India. Thus, the country’s administration was unified under one control. The Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers. The Governor-General had legislative powers over entire British India. The Governor-General in council had … Read more
. The temple building activities that began during the Gupta rule continued to flourish in later periods. In southern India the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, Hoyshalas and later the rulers of the Vijaynagar kingdom were great builders of temples. The Pallava rulers built the shore temple at Mahabalipuram. Pallavas also built other structural temples like Kailashnath … Read more
In 2018, the home ministry had announced the Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS) project to help the law enforcement agencies to identify criminals, missing people and unidentified bodies in a scientific and speedy manner. The AFRS, under the aegis of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), is a component of Crime and Criminal Tracking Network … Read more
The Bill regulates the processing of personal data of individuals (data principals) by government and private entities (data fiduciaries) incorporated in India and abroad. Processing is allowed if the individual gives consent, or in a medical emergency, or by the State for providing benefits. • The data principal has several rights with respect to their … Read more
State police forces had 24% vacancies (about 5.5 lakh vacancies) in January 2016. Hence, while the sanctioned police strength was 181 police per lakh persons in 2016, the actual strength was 137 police. Note that the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons. 86% of the state police comprises of constabulary. Constables … Read more
Bose was an Indian Nationalist and prominent figure of the India Independence movement. His contribution towards India’s freedom struggle was of revolutionary kind. The main contribution of S C Bose is discussed here under: During NCM he organised National schools and colleges and worked for Hindu Muslim Unity. He was appointed the Principal of National … Read more
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a method to analyze a short sequence of DNA (or RNA) even in samples containing only minute quantities of DNA or RNA. PCR is used to reproduce (amplify) selected sections of DNA or RNA. Previously, amplification of DNA involved cloning the segments of interest into vectors for expression in bacteria, … Read more
While both the areas under 5th schedule and 6th schedule have dominance of the tribal people, constitution calls them with different names as Scheduled Area under 5th schedule while Tribal areas under 6th schedule. While executive powers of the union extend in Scheduled areas with respect to their administration in 5th schedule; the 6th schedule areas remain … Read more
During the fourth century BC, the Greeks and the Persians fought for supremacy over West Asia. The Achaemenid empire was finally destroyed by the Greeks under the leadership of Alexander of Macedon. He conquered Asia Minor, Iraq and Iran and then marched towards India. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Alexander was greatly attracted towards … Read more
Arjuna’s Penance Mamallapuram This magnificent relief, carved in the mid-seventh century, measures approximately 30m (100ft) long by 15m (45ft) high. Its huge size and scale is difficult to imagine just from photographs; a person standing on the ground in front of it could barely touch the elephants’ feet. The subject is either Arjuna’s … Read more
Supreme court of India in its judgement rightly stated that it is only education which gives a human being the power to discriminate between right and wrong, good or bad. Hence educational criteria is valid criteria. The states under article 246(3) can make laws to enable the functioning of self -government. The benefits attached with … Read more
Some long-exploited biofuels, such as wood, can be used directly as a raw material that is burned to produce heat. The heat, in turn, can be used to run generators in a power plant to produce electricity. A number of existing power facilities burn grass, wood, or other kinds of biomass. Liquid biofuels are of … Read more
The Non-cooperation movement was perhaps the biggest event in the history of India’s struggle for independence since the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The movement was launched as a protest against the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre and the Khilafat movement. It was pitched in under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National … Read more
The North Eastern Council is the nodal agency for the economic and social development of the North Eastern Region which consists of the eight States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. The North Eastern Council was constituted in 1971 by an Act of Parliament.The constitution of the Council has marked … Read more
The new Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), which is expected to be functional within six months, will assess the needs and demands of private players, including educational and research institutions, and, explore ways to accommodate these requirements in consultation with ISRO. Existing ISRO infrastructure, both ground- and space-based, scientific and technical resources, … Read more
Mathur? art, style of Buddhist visual art that flourished in the trading and pilgrimage centre of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, from the 2nd century BC to the 12th century AD; its most distinctive contributions were made during the Kush?n and Gupta periods (1st–6th century AD). Images in the mottled red sandstone from the nearby S?kri … Read more
The purchasing power of a currency refers to the quantity of the currency needed to purchase a given unit of a good, or common basket of goods and services. Purchasing power is clearly determined by the relative cost of living and inflation rates in different countries. Purchasing power parity means equalising the purchasing power of … Read more
Over the years, a large number of initiatives have been undertaken by various State Governments and Central Ministries to usher in an era of e-governance. Sustained efforts have been made at multiple levels to improve the delivery of public services and simplify the process of accessing them. E-governance in India has steadily evolved from computerization … Read more
What is global human capital index? Ans: Global human capital index is released by world economic forum It rank countries on the basis of four thematic dimensions such as capacity, development, deployment and know-how. India ranked at 103rd out of 130 countries. What is municipal Bond? Ans: A municipal bond is … Read more
In the era of digitalisation, achieving digital connectivity is a must for providing socio-economic benefits to the masses. Digital connectivity enhances the pace and efficiency of the pro welfare schemes. In every spheres be education, health, finance, employment etc. digital connectivity can empowered the untouched masses. To realise this Bharat Net has been launched. … Read more
Jawaharlal Nehru, who had done more than anyone else to popularize the concept of purn swaraj, was nominated the president for the Lahore session of the Congress (December 1929) mainly due to Gandhi’s backing (15 out of 18 Provincial Congress Committees had opposed Nehru). Nehru was chosen because of the appositeness of the occasion (Congress’ … Read more
????????National Career Service is a Five Year Mission Mode Project launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 20th July, 2015. The project is being implemented by the Directorate General of Employment, Ministry of Labour & Employment. National Career Service (NCS) is a one-stop solution that provides a wide array of employment and career related services … Read more
A battle was fought in Bhima Koregaon, a district in Pune with a strong historical Dalit connection, between the Peshwa forces and the British on January 1, 1818. The British army, which comprised mainly of Dalit soldiers, fought the upper caste-dominated Peshwa army. The British troops defeated the Peshwa army. The victory was seen as a … Read more
One Nation One Ration Card Scheme which will allow portability of food security benefits will be available across the country from 1st July, 2020. This means poor migrant workers will be able to buy subsidized rice and wheat from any ration shop in the country. Highlights of the Scheme The scheme is all about inter-state … Read more