JPSC Mains 2024 Notes
Get topicwise printed notes for JPSC Mains Exam 2024 developed by experienced faculty of PSCNOTES.One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
? The Female Reproductive Organ: The Carpel The female parts of a flower consist of an ovary, which contains one or more ovules, a style and the stigma. The ovary is at the base of the flower. From the ovary, extends a tubular structure called the style and on the top of the style is … Read more Structure Of Flower And Reproduction Process
? The brain is a complex organ made up of specialized nerve and supportive tissues. It’s surrounded by many bones that together form the skull. The part of the skull where the brain sits is called the cranium. The base, or lower part, of the brain is connected to the spinal cord. Together, the brain … Read more Structure And Function Of Human Brain And Spinal Cord
? is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. The physiological definition of respiration is differs from the biochemical definition, which refers to cellular respiration, a metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy (in the form … Read more Respiration
Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.With hydroponics the plants are grown in an inert growing medium and a perfectly balanced, pH adjusted nutrient solution is delivered to the roots in a highly soluble form. Advantages of hydroponics: No soil is … Read more DMPQ: What is hydroponics? What are its advantages? (Science)What is hydroponics? What are its advantages? (Science)
Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar’s Rakhine state, neighbouring Bangladesh, are not recognised by the Myanmar government as an official ethnic group and are therefore denied citizenship. Rohingyas are the most persecuted community in the world. Brutal atrocities are unleashed on them and they are denied of any human rights and citizenship rights. As a result of this, the … Read more DMPQ: is Rohingya issue? How it is affecting India? (IR)
With 140 countries abolishing the death penalty, the death penalty has become archaic in nature. The continuing of death penalty is not in accordance with the modern principles. The major reasons against the death penalty are: There are no empirical evidence which suggest that capital punishment act as a major deterrence. It is impossible to … Read more DMPQ: Is death penalty justified in current scenario? (Polity)
? Citizens worldwide are becoming all too familiar with the accelerated frequency of terrorist attacks in the 21st century, particularly with those involving a religious underpinning. Why, though, have religiously-affiliated acts of terrorism become such a common occurrence? By examining how religious fundamentalism has accelerated and intensified terrorism within the modern world, scholars can focus … Read more Fundamentalism And Terrorism
: Brent Crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. This grade is described as light because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its low sulphur content. Brent Crude is extracted from the North Sea and comprises … Read more DMPQ: What is brent crude? What are the impact of rising oil prices on India?
JHARKHAND Annual waterbird census begins in Jharkhand The fourth edition of waterbird census has started in the prominent waterbodies of Jharkhand. Bird watchers and ornithologists, under the patronage of state department of forest, environment and climate change, will document the population of resident and migratory birds in Jharkhand’s leading water bodies. In January … Read more 19.01.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
Saint Kabir mystic poet & saint was brought up in Muslim weaver family.He spreaded his spiritual message in simple words . He opposed hypocrisy,superstition,caste system.Teachings of Kabir were also mentioned in books of Sikh religion. Following are the teachings of Saint Kabir: Anti Casteism -Don’t ask caste of saint.Rather ask his knowledge. Humility – Use always sweet polite … Read more DMPQ: What were the teachings of Saint Kabir? ( Medieval India)
? vs Traditionalism Westernisation The role of Westernisation has been very significant in understanding the socio-cultural changes of modern India. British rule produced radical and lasting changes in the Indian society and culture. TheBritish brought with them, unlike the previous invaders, new technology, institutions, knowledge,beliefs, and values. These have become the main source of social … Read more Westernisation And Modernization
JHARKHAND Bicycle sharing project to start in city soon The ambitious Cycle Sharing project under the flagship venture of Ranchi Smart City Corporation Limited is likely to commence soon. Sources informed that the bicycle parts from Taiwan and Germany have reached Ranchi and the assembling work will soon be completed. As per announcement … Read more 18.01.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
? Vector borne diseases Main vectors and diseases they transmit Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later inject it into a new … Read more Vector Borne Diseases
? Generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based on principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The faradays law states that whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF is induced and this induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages. … Read more Working Principle And Use Of Generator
? Right To Service Delivering public services in a time bound, decentralised and citizen friendly manner has been one of the major challenges facing the administration wing of the government. Right to Public Services legislation in India comprises statutory laws which guarantee time-bound delivery of various public services rendered to citizens and … Read more Right To Service
? The Inter-State River Water Disputes are one of the most contiguous issues in the Indian federalism today. In the extreme cases, it may hamper the relationship between the different states. The recent cases of the Cauvery Water Dispute and the Satluj Yamuna Link Canal case are examples. Water is a State subject as per … Read more River Water Dispute Settlements Board
? People are the supreme power in the democratic country. Accordingly the People of India solemnly resolved that India is a democratic country. As we know that the India is a largest democracy in the world. The term Democracy mentioned in the Preamble of the constitution of India in the broader sense embracing not only … Read more Salient Features Of The Representation Of Peoples Act 1951
? Role of Foreign Capital and Multinational companies in Industrial development of India The development of any society or country without economic development is a myth. Economic development brings prosperity which in turns is directly proportional to the amount of goods and services produced quantitatively or in broad sense we … Read more Role Of Foreign Capital
India’s relation with United States of America, Russia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives and Middle East Countries. ’s relation with United States of America Political Relations: The frequency of high-level visits and exchanges between and the U.S. has gone up significantly of late. Prime Minister Modi visited the U.S. on 26-30 September … Read more India’s relation with United States of America, Russia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives and Middle East Countries.
? Sources of Energy: Conventional and Nonconventional Sources – Energy is one of the most important component of economic infrastructure. It is the basic input required to sustain economic growth. There is direct relation between the level of economic development and per capita energy consumption. Simply speaking more developed a country, higher is the per … Read more Energy Resources
? Forests – Natural Vegetation of India Table of Contents 1 Forests – Natural Vegetation of India 2 Classification of Natural Vegetation of India 3 Moist Tropical Forests 3.1 Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests or Rain Forests 3.2 Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests 3.3 Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests 3.4 Littoral and Swamp Forests 4 Dry Tropical Forests 4.1 Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests 4.1.1 Casuarina plantation 4.2 Tropical Dry … Read more Forest Of India
? After the rural job guarantee programme, the government is now focusing on an ambitious National Food Security Act aimed at drawing more people into the food security net. It has made a strong pitch for providing 35 kg of cereal at Rs 3 per kg every month to the poor of this country. The … Read more Food Security Scheme
? Role of Foreign Capital and Multinational companies in Industrial development of India The development of any society or country without economic development is a myth. Economic development brings prosperity which in turns is directly proportional to the amount of goods and services produced quantitatively or in broad sense we … Read more Role Of Foreign Capital
? Spores Some protozoans and many bacteria, plants and fungi reproduce via spores. Spores are structures naturally grown as part of an organism's life cycle and designed for separation from the organism and dispersal via a medium such as air or water. When conditions are correct, the organism will release its spores, which are each … Read more Types Of Asexual Reproduction
? Food safety and Microbial standards, Food quality standards Food safety-Indicators of food microbial Quality and safety-Coliforms, Enterococci, Bifidobacteria, Coliphages/Enteroviruses, predictive Microbiology/ Microbial modeling Microbial Standards of Processed and preserved Foods The Center for disease control (CDC) investigates each documented outbreak of food borne disease and attempts to determine not only the specific microorganisms and … Read more Food Safety And Microbial Standards, Food Quality Standards,
? Magadh with reference to Uttar Pradesh All the states were perpetually at war with each other. Kaushal annexed Kashi and Avanti grabbed Vats. Later on Kausha and Vats in turn were subjugated one by one by Magadh, which became most powerful in the entire region. Magadh was ruled in succession by Haryank, Shishunag and … Read more Magadh With Special Emphasis On Uttar Pradesh
? From Kadambas to Hoysalas: contributions in the field of architecture, sculpture, literature and religion. The origins of the rise of the Karnataka region as an independent state trace back to the fourth-century A.D. with the birth of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi after the disintegration of Satavahana power in deccan. The founder of this ancient … Read more Kadambas2
Base erosion and profit sharing is a tax avoidance strategy by multinational companies, where in profits are shifted from shifted from jurisdiction that have high taxes to jurisdiction that have low tax. Base erosion and profit shifting project is a joint initiative between G20 countries and the OECD , towards the development of a coherent … Read more DMPQ: What is Base erosion and profit sharing? Discuss the provisions of the Base erosion and profit sharing project? (Economy)
There is a remarkable similarities between bhakti movement and sufism. This is reflected in the socio-religious life of the then era. Major similarities between bhakti movement and sufism are as follows: Element of tolerance is the basic constituent of both streams. They buttressed hindu-muslim unity. This can be testified by the number of followers from … Read more DMPQ: What are the similarities between bhakti movement and sufism? (Medieval INDIA/ BHAKTI MOVEMENT)
BCIM is a sub-regional organisation of Asian nations aimed at greater integration of trade and investment between the four countries. The multi-modal corridor will be the first expressway between India and China and will pass through Myanmar and Bangladesh. The advantages are envisaged to accrue from greater market access for goods, services and energy, elimination … Read more DMPQ: BCIM . (IR)
It is light weighted and is one-third the weight of lead acid batteries. It is nearly 100% efficient in both charging and discharging as compared to lead battery which has 70% efficiency. It completely discharges i.e. 100% as compared to 80% for lead acid. It has life cycle of 5000 times or more compared to … Read more DMPQ: Recently BHEL is negotiating with Libcoin to build India’s first lithium-ion Gigafactory. Discuss the advantages of Lithium ion battery. (Science)
Indra Sawhney case vs Union of India was a judgement came in 1992. It assess the amendment made in the article 16 of the constitution and the executive order of the Narsimha govt. to grant 10% reservation to economically weaker section. Article 16(4) was inserted which stated that state can make provisions for the backward … Read more DMPQ: What in Indra sawney case? Explain its provision and comment on its relevance. ( Polity)
? Settlement can be defined as any form of human habitation which ranges from a single dwelling to large city. The word settlement has another connotation as well as this is a process of opening up and settling of a previously uninhabited area by the people. In geography this process is also known as occupancy. … Read more Types Of Settlement In India
? Urban spheres of influence and rural urban fringe Urban spheres of influence Urban spheres of influence reflect centre-to-hinterland relationship, compared with the non-central region, the centre assumes more complex economic functions, and provides more economic activities. Famous theoretical contributions to this research field are the Central Place Theory (Christaller, 1933), the extension to the … Read more Urban Spheres Of Influence And Rural Urban Fringe
? (Yog Darshan), Astang Yoga Yoga An AYUSH system of medicine includes Indian systems of medicine and Homeopathy. AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy. Yoga is essentially spiritual and it is an art and science of healthy living which focuses on bringing harmony between body … Read more Yoga Philosophy
? Mahabodhi Temple The Mahabodhi Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya (in Gaya district) is about 96 km (60 mi) from Patna, Bihar state, India. Humayun's Tomb Humayun's … Read more World Heritage Sites In India
? India’s relations with china Cultural and economic relations between China and India date back to ancient times. The Silk Road not only served as a major trade route between India and China, but is also credited for facilitating the spread of Buddhism from India to East Asia. During the 19th century, China's growing opium … Read more India China
? India and Its Neighbours India has a long land frontier and coastline. It shares boundaries with Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma) and Sri Lanka. India has official political relations with most nations. India is considered as the world's second most populous and democratic country. Foreign policy of India has … Read more India And Its Neighbours
? Usa's hegemony and its resistance Politics is about power. Just as individuals want to gain and retain power, groups too want to gain and retain power. We routinely talk of someone becoming powerful or someone doing something for power. In the case of world politics too, countries and groups of countries are engaged in … Read more Usa’s Hegemony And Its Resistance
External commercial borrowing (ECB) is basically a loan availed by an Indian entity from a non-resident lender. They are used widely in India to facilitate access to foreign money by Indian corporations and PSUs (public sector undertakings). Most of these loans are provided by foreign commercial banks and other institutions. In the post reform period, … Read more DMPQ: What is external commercial borrowing? Who controls External commercial borrowing and discuss its advantages.
Cholas were great patron of art and architecture. Brihadeshwar temple and bronze sculpture of Nataraj are testimony to that. Cholas built many temples throughout their kingdoms. For example temple at Narthamalai, kumbakonam, etc. The major features of Chola art and architecture are as follows: Architecture: Use of local stones They followed the pallava style … Read more DMPQ:Discuss the characteristics of the Chola art and their contribution in the field of art and architecture. (Ancient Art)
Biodynamics a holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to farming, gardening, food, and nutrition. Biodynamics is rooted to integrate scientific understanding with a recognition of spirit in nature. Around the world, biodynamics is alive in thousands of thriving gardens, farms, vineyards, ranches, and orchards. The principles and practices of biodynamics can be applied anywhere food is … Read more DMPQ:What is bio dynamics? Explain its role in sustainable development and assuring farmers income. (Science)
The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). The Bank supports public or private projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments. It is headquartered in Shanghai, China. The first regional … Read more DMPQ:What is New Development Bank and explain its mandate? (International organisation)
Lateral entry in civil services means recruiting personnel from the pool other than the civil service cadre and promotional cadre officers. Second administrative reforms commission, Surendra nath committee and hota committee advocated lateral entry into civil services. Advantages of lateral entry: Growing complexity in governance field like finance, administration, health etc requires specialisation in the … Read more DMPQ: What is lateral entry in civil services? Present a case for lateral entry.
JHARKHAND · Long-awaited Icha Dam construction to begin soon Pending since 1990, the construction work for Icha Dam under the Subarnarekha Multi Purpose project will finally begin. The State Cabinet recently cleared the way to starting the construction of the dam, the height of which will now be reduced from 225 metres to 213 metres. … Read more 17.01.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
? Blood makes up about 8% of the human body weight. It contains erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes (platelets) and plasma. The volume percentage of all blood cells in the whole blood is about 45% of adults (hematocrit). The rest consists of liquid plasma (e.g. water, plasma proteins, electrolytes etc.). The blood is composed of: Plasma Plasma … Read more Composition And Function Of Blood
? External Respiration One method for obtaining oxygen from the environment is through external respiration or breathing. In animal organisms, the process of external respiration is performed in a number of different ways. Animals that lack specialized organs for respiration rely on diffusion across external tissue surfaces to obtain oxygen. Others either have organs specialized … Read more Types Of Respiration
? Vector borne diseases Main vectors and diseases they transmit Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later inject it into a new … Read more Vector Borne Diseases
? The founder of the Chola Empire was Vijayalaya, who was first feudatory of the Pallavas of Kanchi. He captured Tanjore in 850 A.D. He established a temple of goddess Nishumbhasudini (Durga) there. Aditya I succeeded Vijayalaya. Aditya helped his overlord the Pallava king Aparajita against the Pandyas but soon defeated him and annexed the … Read more 10.The Cholas
? Civilization and Culture of the Pallavas The Pallava rule formed a golden epoch in the cultural history of south India. The period under the Pallavas was marked by considerable literary activities and cultural revival. The Pallavas warmly patronized Sanskrit language and most of the literary records of the time were composed in that language. … Read more 11.Cultural Achievements Of Pallavas