JPSC Mains 2024 Notes
Get topicwise printed notes for JPSC Mains Exam 2024 developed by experienced faculty of PSCNOTES.One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Culture : Santhal Santhal is one of the most abundantly found tribes in India. A major chunk of this tribe can be found in West Bengal and Jharkhand. Santhal tribe has a rich cultural lineage and immense solidarity. Its members are basically the devotees of ‘Thakurji’, the deity they believe created … Read more 05.04.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Culture : Kohver Art This is also practised by the women of the farming community depicting the marriage season. They are generally carried out in the walls of the bridal chamber and the walls of the wedding house. Designs are cut with fingers exposing black patterns on white or with bits of combs. … Read more 04.04.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
There was the political crisis as two centre of power confronted to usurped the top most position. The leader of Venezuela’s National Assembly, Juan Guaido has declared himself as president of Venezuela on January 23, challenging the power of current President Nicolas Maduro, who was recently sworn in as president of Venezuela for a second … Read more DMPQ- Venezuela crisis and the reasons for the crisis.
Between the 6th and 4th century BCE, Magadha became the most important mahajanapada. The possible reasons could be: It was a region which was highly productive and hence surplus production was suitable for maintaining huge army. Magadha had huge resource of Iron. This metal was used both for weapons and tools. Latter increased the productivity … Read more DMPQ- Why did Magadha emerged as the most formidable mahajanapada?
The Reserve Bank of India gives temporary loan facilities to the centre and state governments as a banker to government. This temporary loan facility is called Ways and Means Advances (WMA).The WMA scheme for the Central Government was introduced on April 1, 1997, after putting an end to the four-decade old system of adhoc (temporary) … Read more DMPQ- What is Ways and means Advance?
Consolidated Fund of India This is the chief account of the Government of India. The inflow to this fund is by way of taxes like Income Tax, Central Excise, Customs and also non-tax revenues which arise to the government in connection with the conduct of its business. Loans raised by issue of treasury bills are … Read more DMPQ- Difference between consolidated fund and Public accounts of India.
Govt. of India and UNDP Sea Turtle Project: A significant proportion of world’s Olive Ridley Turtle population migrate every winter to Indian coastal waters for nesting mainly at eastern coast. With the objective of conservation of olive ridley turtles and other endangered marine turtles. Ministry of Environment & Forests initiated the Sea Turtle Conservation Project … Read more DMPQ- Sea turtle Project India.
Model code of conduct are directives given to political parties to ensure free and fair elections at the same time to maintain high standards in the elections. The provisions of the conducts are not legally binding. The MCC comes into force with the declaration of election schedule. Election commission can enforce MCC in following ways: … Read more DMPQ- What is model code of conduct? How Election commission can enforce it.
The Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is the region that circles the Earth, near the equator, where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. The intense sun and warm water of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, raising its humidity and making it buoyant. Aided by the convergence of … Read more DMPQ- Short note on ITCZ
JOTIRAO GOVINDRAO PHULE occupies a unique position among the social reformers of Maharashtra in the nineteenth century. While other reformers concentrated more on reforming the social institutions of family and marriage with special emphasis on the status and right of women, Jyotiba Phule revolted against the unjust caste system under which millions of people had … Read more DMPQ- Write a note on contribution of Jyotiba Phule.
The Kashmir stag also called Hangul is a subspecies of Central Asian Red Deer native to northern India.It is the state animal of Jammu & Kashmir.In Kashmir, it’s found in Dachigam National Park at elevations of 3,035 meters.These deer once numbered from about 5,000 animals in the beginning of the 20th century.Unfortunately, they were threatened, due to … Read more DMPQ- What is Project Hangul.
In the last few years, a large number of farmers have committed suicide. Cases of suicides have been reported from states such as Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. Some of measures suggested include: Provide affordable health insurance and revitalize primary healthcare centres. The National Rural Health Mission should be … Read more DMPQ- Farmer suicides have increased in the recent past. Give suggestions to prevent farmer suicides.
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Culture : Sohrai Art This is generally practiced by the women of farming communities and is a rural art form called Sohrai. They are mural paintings depicting the harvest festival in autumn and are considered to bring good luck. They are painted with red, black, white and yellow earth and large images … Read more 03.04.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Culture : Jadopatia Paintings These are generally practised by the Santhals in which the artisans make scrolls called Jado or Jadopatia and are drawn with natural inks and colours. They are used as visual aids in storytelling and are said to have magical and healing powers. They depict scenes of afterlife and … Read more 02.04.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing war between multiple parties taking place in Syria since the past eight years. The unrest started in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring protests that had originated in Tunisia. People in Syria protested against the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad who suppressed all dissent with violent … Read more DMPQ: Write short note on Syrian crisis.
Possible solutions are: Expand the outreach of the formal credit system to reach the really poor and needy. Reduce rate of interest for crop loans to 4 per cent simple, with government support. Moratorium on debt recovery, including loans from non-institutional sources, and waiver of interest on loans in distress hotspots and during calamities, till … Read more DMPQ: Give possible suggestions for credit enhancement for farmers.
PM-KISAN stands for Pradhan Mantri KisanSamman Nidhi. The scheme announced to provide income support to the marginal and small farmers. To provide an assured income support to the small and marginal farmers, the Government is launching the Pradhan Mantri KisanSamman Nidhi (PM-KISAN).Under this programme, vulnerable landholding farmer families, having cultivable land upto 2 hectares, will be … Read more DMPQ: PM-KISAN
Universal Health coverage means accessibility of health care to one and all without creating financial hardship. According to WHO, out of pocket expenditure in health sector is 63% whereas the recommended level is 10-15%. There are problems associated with health sector: Expenditure on health is just 2.5% of GDP it has to be near about … Read more DMPQ: What is Universal Health Coverage ? Discuss the problem with Health Sector in India?
A tsunami is a wave, or series of waves, caused by the vertical displacement of a column of water. This can be generated by earthquakes below the sea floor and violent volcanic eruptions above it, landslides above or below water or meteorite impacts into the sea. Effects of Tsunami: Affecting the mangroves, wetlands and basically … Read more DMPQ: How Tsunami affect the coastal areas?
The Finance Bill, 2017, introduced “electoral bonds”, that are interest free bearer bonds. It is an instrument that is used to donate money to political parties. The parties involved will probably be a donor, the political party and the RBI — which acts as the intermediary.Electoral bonds can be purchased from an authorized bank, issued … Read more DMPQ:What are electoral bonds? Electoral bonds does not pass the test of transparency. Comment (POLITY)
The Balfour Declaration was a letter written by British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Lionel Walter Rothschild, in which he expressed the British government’s support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The long-term effects of the Balfour Declaration, and the British government’s involvement in Palestinian affairs, are felt even today.Britain’s acknowledgement and support of Zionism, and … Read more DMPQ:BALFOUR declaration. (IR/WORLD HISTORY)
Land reforms: Distribute ceiling-surplus and waste lands; Prevent diversion of prime agricultural land and forest to corporate sector for non-agricultural purposes. Ensure grazing rights and seasonal access to forests to tribals and pastoralists, and access to common property resources. Establish a National Land Use Advisory Service, which would have the capacity to link land use … Read more DMPQ:What possible solutions do you suggest for Land reforms and irrigation? (ECONOMY)
The 1919 Amritsar massacre, known alternatively as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar, was ordered by General R.E.H. Dyer. On Sunday April 13, 1919, which happened to be ‘Baisakhi’, one of Punjab’s largest religious festivals, fifty British Indian Army soldiers, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, … Read more DMPQ:Why Jalliawalla Massacre is an important event in India’s freedom struggle? (MODERN HISTORY)
The reasons for the diversity are as follows: Over geological times the tropics have had more stable climate than the temperatezones. In tropics, therefore, local species continued to live there itself, whereas intemperate they tend to disperse to other areas. Tropical communities are older than temperate one’s and therefore there has beenmore time for … Read more DMPQ:Why tropical areas of the earth have more diversity than that of temperate areas? (Geography)
The Golan Heights, a rocky plateau in south-western Syria, has a political and strategic significance which belies its size. Israel unilaterally annexed the Golan Heights in 1981. The move was not recognised internationally, although the US Trump Administration did so unilaterally in March 2019.There are more than 30 Jewish settlements on the heights, with an … Read more DMPQ- Significance of Golan heights. (IR/Disputes)
PARIVESH is a web based, role based workflow application which has been developed for online submission and monitoring of the proposals submitted by the proponents for seeking Environment, Forest, Wildlife and CRZ Clearances from Central, State and district level authorities. It automates the entire tracking of proposals which includes online submission of a new proposal, … Read more DMPQ- PARIVESH (ENVT/SCHEMES)
A Cryogenic rocket stage is more efficient and provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant it burns compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellant rocket stages. Specific impulse (a measure of the efficiency) achievable with cryogenic propellants (liquid Hydrogen and liquid Oxygen) is much higher compared to earth storable liquid and solid propellants, giving … Read more DMPQ- Cryogenic engine. (SCIENCE)
The major problems are as follows: Rudimentary infrastructure and policies leads to slow agricultural growth. The average size of landholding is small. Poor socio economic conditions of farmers. Use of technology is inadequate. No proper management of irrigation. Vulnerability of agriculture sector is high to wards hazards and disaster. Dependence of agriculture on vagaries of … Read more DMPQ- What are the problems faced by agriculture sector in India? (ECONOMY)
PMO is the attached office of the Prime minister. It acts as a centralised agency. The relevance of PMO is decided by the person holding the post of the PM and the kind of government majority government or minority government. Relevance of PMO: Acts as a repository of data, records, files etc. Hence provide continuity … Read more DMPQ- What is PMO? Comment on its relevance. (POLITY)
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Freedom Fighter : Birsa Munda (1875–1900) Birsa Munda was a tribal leader and a folk hero, belonging to the Munda tribe who was behind the Millenarian movement that rose in the tribal belt of modern day Bihar, and Jharkhand during the British Raj, in the late 19th century making him an important … Read more 28.03.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Sidho and Kanho: The Santhals revolt Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu, hailing from the village Bhognadih in Sahibganj district, had long been brooding over the injustices perpetrated by the oppressors like hundreds and hundreds of their tribe‘s men. The situation finally reached a flash point and, not surprisingly, a small episode that took … Read more 27.03.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Freedom Fighters Bhola Nath Sahay: Tamar Revolts (1789-1832) The tribals of Tamar revolted over 7 times between 1789-1832 against the British. They were joined in the revolt by the tribals of adjoining areas – Midnapur, Koelpur, Dhadha, Chatshila, Jalda and Silli. They revolted against the faulty align system of the government. … Read more 26.03.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Jharkhand Freedom Fighters Tilka Manjhi Tilka Manjhi Revolt was against British policy of acquisition of land of the native of Jharkhand, against the dive and rule policy by providing security to the local residents and against the suppression policy of Cleveland. Around 1770 in Santhal region was adversely affected by drought and … Read more 24-25.03.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Dhanbad best city for 4G availability in India In terms of 4G availability, Dhanbad in Jharkhand has topped the list of 50 cities in India, according to London-based wireless coverage mapping company OpenSignal. Ranchi, capital of Jharkhand, came second after scoring 95 per cent in 4G availability. Srinagar came third with … Read more 23.03.19 Jharkhand (JPSC) Current Affairs
MONETARY POLICY TOOL: There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used for implementing monetary policy. Repo Rate: The (fixed) interest rate at which the Reserve Bank provides overnight liquidity to banks against the collateral of government and other approved securities under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF). Reverse Repo Rate: The (fixed) … Read more Quick Revision- MONETARY POLICY TOOL
Contribution of Indian Scientist: Scientist Achievement Homi Jehangir Baba Father of Indian Nuclear Programme, Carried out first nuclear test 1974, Atomic energy establishment was renamed Bhabha Atomic research centre. Venkatraman Ramakrishna Indian origin biologist cum scientist won nobel prize in 2009 in chemistry. He pioneered in the studies of the structure and function of … Read more Quick Revision- Contribution of Indian Scientist
It was set up after the fall of the Berlin wall to promote private and entrepreneurial initiative in emerging Europe. HQ – London. EBRD is owned by 66 countries and two EU institutions i.e EU & EIB. US is the biggest shareholder. Besides Europe, member countries of the EBRD are also from other continents – … Read more DMPQ- European Bank for Reconstruction and development.
India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C45) successfully launched EMISAT and 28 international customer satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR in Sriharikota. This flight marked the first mission of PSLV-QL, a new variant of PSLV with four strap-on motors. EMISAT is a satellite built around ISRO’s Mini Satellite-2 bus weighing about 436 kg. The … Read more DMPQ- PSLV-C45
The major reasons for the downfall of buddhism in Indian subcontinent are as follows: Corruptions in Buddhist Sanghas: In course of time, the Buddhist ‘Sangha’ became corrupt. The monks and followers came to be drawn towards luxury and enjoyment. Receiving and saving valuable gifts like gold and silver made them greedy and materialistic Reform in … Read more DMPQ- What were the major reasons for the downfall of buddhism in Indian Sub-continent?
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) aims to safeguard the health of women & children by providing them with a clean cooking fuel – LPG, so that they don’t have to compromise their health in smoky kitchens or wander in unsafe areas collecting firewood. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra … Read more DMPQ- Ujjwala yojana and its benefits.
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) constituted by the Central Government under Section 45ZB determines the policy interest rate required to achieve the inflation target. The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (RBI Act) has been amended by the Finance Act, 2016, to provide for a statutory and institutionalised framework for a Monetary Policy Committee, for … Read more DMPQ- Write short note on Monetary Policy committee.
Petroleum coke or pet coke, is a solid carbon rich(90% carbon and 3% to 6% sulfur) material derivedfrom oil refining. It is categorized as a “bottom of the barrel” fuel.It is a dirtier alternative to coal and emits 11% moregreenhouse gases than coal and nearly 17 timesmore sulphur than coal. Petcoke is a source of … Read more DMPQ:What is Pet coke?
It was set up with the objective of strengthening regional cooperation and sustainable development within the Indian Ocean Region. The association comprises 22 Member States and 7 Dialogue Partners. India, Australia, Iran, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Singapore, Maldives, Mauritius, Madagascar, UAE, Yemen, Seychelles, Somalia, Comoros and Oman are … Read more DMPQ:Write short note on Indian Ocean Rim association.
Digital Advancement of Rural Post Office for A New India (DARPAN) is aimed at realizing financial inclusion of un-banked rural population. The Project shall increase the rural reach of the Department of Posts and enable Branch Post Offices to increase traffic of all financial remittances, savings accounts, Rural Postal Life Insurance, and Cash Certificates etc. … Read more DMPQ: DARPAN Scheme.
a) Ijara: the Ijarahsystem or revenue farming was introduced to boost up the state’s revenue in Bengal in the reign of Jahandar Shah (1712–13), who was supported by nobel Zulfiqar Khan.Under this system, when peasant did not have resources available for cultivation or due to some calamity cultivation could not be done, the lands were farmed … Read more DMPQ:Explain the following terms: a) Ijara b) Kankut c) Khiraj
The constitution gives Councils limited legislative powers. Unlike Rajya Sabha which has substantial powers to shape non-financial legislation, Legislative Councils lack the constitutional mandate to do so. Legislative Assemblies have the power to override suggestions/amendments made to a legislation by the Council.The Rajya Sabha has equal powers with the Lok Sabha in all spheres except … Read more DMPQ:Legislative Council is just a dilatory chamber. Its power is nowhere near Rajya Sabha. Comment
It is a multilateral financial institution which brings countries together to address the daunting infrastructure needs across Asia. It is headquartered at Beijing. The membership in AIIB is open to members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank. It has authorized capital of US 100 billion dollars and subscribed … Read more DMPQ:Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank.
National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) has introduced YuvaSahakar-Cooperative Enterprise Support and Innovation Scheme. This is a youth friendly scheme which will attract youths to cooperative business ventures. The scheme will be linked to Rs.1000 crore Cooperative Start-up and Innovation Fund (CSIF)‘. The scheme envisages 2% less than the applicable rate of interest on term loan … Read more DMPQ:YuvaSahakar Scheme
It seeks to grant the National Commission on Backward Classes (NCBC) constitutional status, at par with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.The NCBC is a body set up under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993. The Act states that the President may specify the socially and … Read more DMPQ:Write short note on 123rd Constitutional amendment act?
Ibadatkhana: The IbadatKhana or House of Worship was a prayer or a meeting room built by Akbar at his palace in Fatehpur Sikri. Originally he intended the place to be only for Sunni Muslims to gather and discuss various issues. However, when petty differences between other religious sects and followers got out of control he … Read more DMPQ:Describe the following terms: a) IbadatKhana b) Mansabdari c) Iqta