Category: Polity

Over the years, a large number of initiatives have been undertaken by various State Governments and Central Ministries to usher in an era of e-governance. Sustained efforts have been made at multiple levels to improve the delivery of public services Read More …

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAYG), earlier known as Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), is a scheme for rural housing by the Indian Government. This social welfare program was initiated to meet the objectives of the “Housing for All” scheme Read More …

? Accountability is the core principle of any democracy. In our democracy it is only the executive and the legislature which is held accountable and not the judiciary. Judges are also public officials and hence should be made accountable. ? Read More …

The history of Independent India is replete with violent protests, agitations and riots. At the forefront of dealing with these incidents are the police, who are the first responders, and security forces. Time and again, an important question comes to Read More …

Top Class Education for ST Students This is a Central Sector Scholarship Scheme for ST students introduced from the academic year 2007-08 with the objective of encouraging meritorious ST students for pursing studies at Degree and Post Graduate level in Read More …

Wrongful restraint: The expression “Wrongful re­straint” implies keeping a man out of a place where he wishes and has a right to be. Section 339 defines it thus: “Whoever voluntarily ob­structs any person so as to prevent that person from Read More …

Ministry of Tribal affairs is funding 26 Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs) for research under Grant to TRIs and is engaged in quality research in collaboration with reputed Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) spread over the country. Research by TRIs should Read More …

The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), India is a quasi-judicial commission in India which was set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Its head office is in New Delhi. The commission is headed by a sitting Read More …

Some of the core public service values are as follows: Accountability: This is essential in field of public administration and particularly important within the context of administrative discretion. Effective administration requires administrators to exercise the discretion with accountability. Legitimacy: The Read More …

The Delimitation commission or Boundary commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act. The main task of the commission is redrawing the boundaries of the various assembly and Read More …

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is developed by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and National e-Governance Division (NeGD) to drive Mobile Governance in India. UMANG provides a single platform for all Indian Citizens to access pan Read More …

Fraternity and dignity of the individuals have a close link. Fraternity is only achievable when the dignity of the individual will be secured and promoted. Therefore, the founding fathers of our Constitution attached supreme importance to it. Our Constitution therefore Read More …

The main objectives and reasons for setting up of Family Courts are: ? To create a Specialized Court which will exclusively deal with family matters so that such a court may have the necessary expertise to deal with these cases Read More …

Popular Sovereignty It is clearly stated in the preamble that India is not under any outside control. It is a sovereign nation under the people. The people will have right to elect their representatives to rule for themselves to the Read More …

Some of the important functions of State Human rights commission are as follows: ? Inquire suo motu or on a petition presented to it, by a victim, or any person on his be into complaint of violation of human rights Read More …

Sedition law is given under section 124A of the IPC. The section defines sedition and makes every speech or expression that brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt towards the government established by law. It is a cognisable Read More …

Article 142 provides discretionary power to the Supreme Court as it states that the court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or Read More …

Indian  constitution is a sacred document but not a static one. It allows changes if the demand is made by the society. Indian constitution is not envisaged to be rigid it was made flexible enough to be accommodative of the Read More …

Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was established entirely with public contributions and does not get any budgetary support. PMNRF accepts voluntary contributions from Individuals, Organizations, Trusts, Companies and Institutions etc. All contributions towards PMNRF are exempt from Income Tax Read More …

Civil service neutrality means that civil servants must be non-partisan. They must serve whoever is the elected government of the day. They must be responsible and responsive to the government’s policies. They must obey the lawful political wishes of whomever Read More …

Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate. This is also known as the system of checks and balances, because each branch is given certain Read More …

The judiciary must reform as the task of dispensing justice is growing bigger and bigger. The delay in justice delivery, non-accessibility of justice to poor are some of the issues which are being faced by citizens. There are following reforms Read More …

Affordable rental housing scheme for urban poor including migrants was launched under the aegis of Pradhan mantri awas Yojana. Under this development, government-funded housing in urban areas/cities will be converted into Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs). This will be through Read More …

Despite containing 50% of the population, only 10-12% of the workforce is filled by women. According to home ministry guidelines atleast 3 women sub Inspector has to be there at Police station. No state meets this criteria. It shows very Read More …

Amnesty International recorded at least 657 executions in 20 countries in 2018, down by 5% from 2018 (at least 690 executions). This figure represents the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade. Reasons Read More …

There has been increase in the MP’s with criminal cases in the last 20 years. Currently 43% of the MP’s are with Criminal background and it is not good for Political ecosystem and governance is the ultimate sufferer. The major Read More …

Around 90 Cr people are eligible voters but only 67% of people participate in the most celebrated democratic exercise. But still near about 27 Crore do not cast their vote. As per a survey, 10 crore People did not want Read More …

The balance between individual liberty and larger social interests has been achieved in the Constitution by putting ‘reasonable restrictions’ on the exercise of this right for certain purposes viz.: `              • In case of freedom of speech and expression, State Read More …

Police reforms is the need of the hour due to various reasons: Low expenditure: While state police forces are responsible for maintaining law and order and investigating crimes, central forces assist them with intelligence and internal security challenges (e.g., insurgencies). Read More …

  Dual Control Commissionerate system Dual command structure over the district police means that control and direction over the police vests with the SP (head of district police) and the District Magistrate (executive). Unified command structure with the Commissioner of Read More …

The union government constituted a commission under the leadership of Justice Madan Mohan Punchchi, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 2007. Th e commission also had three more members and a Secretary and presented its report in Read More …

The Governor of state, unlike the President of India, is conferred with power to act at his own discretion. There are two categories of discretion for the governor. One is Constitutional Discretion and the other is Situational Discretion. Constitutional Discretion Read More …

ACCREDITED SOCIAL HEALTH ACTIVIST (ASHA)  One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist ASHA or Accredited Social Health Activist.  ASHAs are not Read More …

Inclusive Governance covers social and economic inclusion with good governance Parts of Inclusive Governance Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have played an irreplaceable role in fuelling the growth of the Indian economy and have made a noteworthy contribution towards supporting the Read More …

What is the difference between “vote on account” and “interim budget”? Ans:       The budget presented during the election year is an interim budget. It is a summary of expenses expected by the government in the next few months. The interim Read More …

Article 80 of the Constitution have provisions for members of the Rajya Sabha. Currently, it has 245 members, including 233 elected members and 12 nominated. As per the constitutional limit, the Upper House strength cannot exceed 250. The number of Read More …

Preamble refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution. It contains summary or the essence to the constitution. The preamble is based on the objective resolution drafted and moved by Nehru. In our constitution, it is borrowed from US Read More …

In India, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, divides contempt into civil contempt and criminal contempt. Civil contempt is when a person wilfully disobeys any order of a court (a recent example of civil contempt would be Sahara Group chief Read More …

CIC (After the Right to Information Amendment Act 2019) The RTI Amendment Bill, 2019 (now RTI Amendment Act 2019) amends Sections 13 and 16 of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. Section 13 of the original Act sets the Read More …

The Constitution does not grant any immunity to the ministers for their official acts. But, since they are not required to countersign (as in Britain) the official acts of the president and the governors, they are not liable in the Read More …

Exit poll is a post-voting poll, which is conducted just after a voter walks out after casting his or her vote. Such polls aim at predicting the actual result on the basis of the information collected from voters. They are Read More …

Mandamus literally means ‘we command’. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform the official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public Read More …

The district judge is the highest judicial authority in the district. He possesses original and appellate jurisdiction in both civil as well as criminal matters. In other words, the district judge is also the sessions judge. When he deals with Read More …

Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 is an Act of Parliament of India enacted for the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas or village courts for speedy and easy access to justice system in the rural areas of India. The State Government, after consultation Read More …

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of people with disabilities. Parties to the Convention are required to promote, protect, and Read More …

The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions (Articles 302 to 305) of Part XIII of the Constitution itself. These are explained below: (i)           Parliament Read More …

The Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) is an ongoing Central Sector Scheme which was launched in 1993-94. The Scheme enables the Members of Parliament to recommend works for creation of durable community assets based on locally felt Read More …

a) Dharma Guardian: is a series of military training exercises undertaken by India with Japan. It is crucial and significant in terms of security challenges faced by both nations in the backdrop of global terrorism. The second edition of bilateral Read More …

Article 368 gives the procedure of the amendment of the constitution. There are two ways under article 368.  But, Constitution can be amended by simple majority also which comes outside the purview of article 368. Some of these Provisions are Read More …

The important changes introduced by the 44th Amendment Act are: o      Any changes in the basic structure of the constitution can be made only if they are approved by the people of India by a majority of votes at Read More …