Polity

  Dual Control Commissionerate system Dual command structure over the district police means that control and direction over the police vests with the SP (head of district police) and the District Magistrate (executive). Unified command structure with the Commissioner of Police (rank of the Deputy Inspector General or above) as the sole head of the … Read more DMPQ- What is the difference between dual system of control and the Commissionerate system.

The union government constituted a commission under the leadership of Justice Madan Mohan Punchchi, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 2007. Th e commission also had three more members and a Secretary and presented its report in 2010. It recommended that the governors of the states must have fixed tenure and they … Read more DMPQ- Discuss in brief the recommendation of Punchhi commission.

The Governor of state, unlike the President of India, is conferred with power to act at his own discretion. There are two categories of discretion for the governor. One is Constitutional Discretion and the other is Situational Discretion. Constitutional Discretion of Governor The Governors of states can act at their constitutional discretion in the following … Read more DMPQ- What are the discretionary power of the governor?

ACCREDITED SOCIAL HEALTH ACTIVIST (ASHA)  One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist ASHA or Accredited Social Health Activist.  ASHAs are not trained to provide comprehensive reproductive (delivery of baby), maternal and new-born care. They have several … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on ASHA worker.

Inclusive Governance covers social and economic inclusion with good governance Parts of Inclusive Governance Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have played an irreplaceable role in fuelling the growth of the Indian economy and have made a noteworthy contribution towards supporting the government’s agenda of extending financial inclusion District Planning Committee to consolidate the plans prepared by … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by “ Inclusive governance”? What are the components of Inclusive governance?

What is the difference between “vote on account” and “interim budget”? Ans:       The budget presented during the election year is an interim budget. It is a summary of expenses expected by the government in the next few months. The interim Budget helps span the transition time between the two governments, entrusting the responsibility of a … Read more DMPQ- What is the difference between “vote on account” and “interim budget”?

Article 80 of the Constitution have provisions for members of the Rajya Sabha. Currently, it has 245 members, including 233 elected members and 12 nominated. As per the constitutional limit, the Upper House strength cannot exceed 250. The number of Rajya Sabha members a state can send depends on its population. Hence, the number of … Read more DMPQ- How members of rajya sabha are elected?

Preamble refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution. It contains summary or the essence to the constitution. The preamble is based on the objective resolution drafted and moved by Nehru. In our constitution, it is borrowed from US constitution. It is also called as the key to open the mind of framers of … Read more DMPQ- The mind of the makers of the constitution of India is reflected in the Preamble to the Constitution. Comment

In India, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, divides contempt into civil contempt and criminal contempt. Civil contempt is when a person wilfully disobeys any order of a court (a recent example of civil contempt would be Sahara Group chief Subratra Roy’s failure to obey an order by the Supreme Court to refund investors from … Read more DMPQ- What do you understand by the term contempt of court? Explain different types of contempt.

CIC (After the Right to Information Amendment Act 2019) The RTI Amendment Bill, 2019 (now RTI Amendment Act 2019) amends Sections 13 and 16 of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. Section 13 of the original Act sets the term of the central Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners at five years (or until … Read more DMPQ- What are the changes made in the office of Central Information commission through the amendment of RTI Act?

The Constitution does not grant any immunity to the ministers for their official acts. But, since they are not required to countersign (as in Britain) the official acts of the president and the governors, they are not liable in the courts for those acts. Moreover, they are not liable for the official acts done by … Read more DMPQ- Unlike British constitution Indian Constitution does not grant any immunity to the ministers for their official acts. Comment

Exit poll is a post-voting poll, which is conducted just after a voter walks out after casting his or her vote. Such polls aim at predicting the actual result on the basis of the information collected from voters. They are conducted by a number of organizations. The basic step to predict exit polls is sampling. … Read more DMPQ- What is Exit Poll and Opinion Poll? What kind of Prohibitions are imposed on exit polls and opinion polls?

Mandamus literally means ‘we command’. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform the official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal or government for the same purpose. The … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on the writ of Mandamus

The district judge is the highest judicial authority in the district. He possesses original and appellate jurisdiction in both civil as well as criminal matters. In other words, the district judge is also the sessions judge. When he deals with civil cases, he is known as the district judge and when he hears the criminal … Read more DMPQ-What are the powers of District Judge?

Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 is an Act of Parliament of India enacted for the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas or village courts for speedy and easy access to justice system in the rural areas of India. The State Government, after consultation with the High Court, may, by notification, establish one or more Gram Nyayalayas for every … Read more DMPQ-Write down the salient features of the Gram Nyalaya Act, 2008?

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of people with disabilities. Parties to the Convention are required to promote, protect, and ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by people with disabilities and ensure that they … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on the convention on the Rights of person with disabilities.

The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions (Articles 302 to 305) of Part XIII of the Constitution itself. These are explained below: (i)           Parliament can impose restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse between the states or … Read more DMPQ- The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions. Still reasonable restriction can be put. Comment on the statement.

The Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) is an ongoing Central Sector Scheme which was launched in 1993-94. The Scheme enables the Members of Parliament to recommend works for creation of durable community assets based on locally felt needs to be taken up in their constituencies in the area of national priorities namely … Read more DMPQ- MPLADS scheme.

a) Dharma Guardian: is a series of military training exercises undertaken by India with Japan. It is crucial and significant in terms of security challenges faced by both nations in the backdrop of global terrorism. The second edition of bilateral annual military exercise Dharma Guardian – 2019 between Indian and Japanese Army commenced on Saturday … Read more DMPQ- Define the following Military exercises: a) Dharma Guardian b) Tiger Triumph c) Exercise Malabar d) Yudh abhyas

Article 368 gives the procedure of the amendment of the constitution. There are two ways under article 368.  But, Constitution can be amended by simple majority also which comes outside the purview of article 368. Some of these Provisions are as follows: Admission or establishment of new states Formation of new states and alteration of … Read more DMPQ-Many Provisions of the constitution can be amended outside the purview of article 368. Comment

The important changes introduced by the 44th Amendment Act are: o      Any changes in the basic structure of the constitution can be made only if they are approved by the people of India by a majority of votes at a referendum in which at least fifty-one per cent of the electorate participated. Article 368 … Read more DMPQ- In 1976, with the introduction of the 42nd Amendment Act, there were various provisions that were amended against the will of the citizens hence, to reverse those changes and safeguard the interests of the nation, 44th Amendment Act was called into action. What were the changes made by the 44th AA?

Municipal corporations are created for the administration of big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore and others. They are established in the states by the acts of the concerned state  legislatures, and in the union territories by the acts of the Parliament of India. There may be one common act for all the municipal … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on the structure of Municipal corporations.

All resolutions come in the category of substantive motions, that is, every resolution is a particular type of motion. All motions need not necessarily be substantive. Further, all motions are not necessarily put to vote of the House, whereas all the resolutions are required to be voted upon. The members can move resolutions to draw … Read more DMPQ- What is Resolution and How it is different from Motion?

Quasi-judicial bodies have powers analogous to that of the law-imposing bodies but these are not courts. They have all the powers of a civil court. They primarily oversee the administrative zones. The courts have the power to supervise over all types of disputes but the quasi-judicial bodies are the ones with the powers of imposing … Read more DMPQ- What are quasi Judicial bodies?

Under the provisions of Article 102 (1) and Article 191 (1) of the Constitution, an MP or an MLA (or an MLC) is barred from holding any office of profit under the central or state government. Provisions of Articles 102 and 191 also protect a legislator occupying a government position if the office in question … Read more DMPQ-What is office of Profit. Discuss this in relation with the constitutional scheme of things?

There are over three crore cases pending across the Supreme Court, the High Courts, and the subordinate courts (including district courts).Of these, the subordinate courts account for over 86% pendency of cases, followed by 13.8% pendency before the 24 High Courts. The remaining 0.2% of cases are pending with the Supreme Court. Between 2006 and … Read more DMPQ-Justice late is justice denied. The number of pendency of cases are on rise. Discuss the reasons for such high rate of pendency.

Centrally sector scheme: Central sector schemes are schemes with 100% funding by the Central government and implemented by the Central Government machinery. The central sector schemes are mainly formulated on subjects mainly from the Union List. Besides, there are some other programmes that various Central Ministries implements directly in States and UTs which also comes … Read more DMPQ- Explain centrally sponsored scheme and Central sector scheme and how they are different from each other.

The idea of creation of Zonal Councils was mooted by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1956 when during the course of debate on the report of the States Re-organisation Commission, he suggested that the States proposed to be reorganised may be grouped into four or five zones having an … Read more DMPQ- What are zonal council and writ down its objectives.

The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.   Hon’ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde, The Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief and Hon’ble … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on National Legal service authority and its advantage?

Following are the major amendments done in the NHRC: Under the Act, the chairperson of the NHRC is a person who has been a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.  The Act amends this to provide that a person who has been Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or a Judge of the Supreme Court … Read more DMPQ- What were the major amendments done in the NHRC?

Article 275 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance and not to every state. Also, different sums may be fixed for different states. These sums are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year. Apart from this general provision, the Constitution also provides for specific … Read more DMPQ- What are the differences between discretionary and statutory grants given as per the constitution by the centre to the states?

There are two kinds of bills that are introduced in parliament for the legislative procedure: Public and Private Bills. Public Bills are called government bill whereas private bills are called private members’ bill. A bill introduced by the Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a Minister, i.e., a non-government member is known as the … Read more DMPQ- What is a Private member bill and how it is different than that of government bill?

Epidemic Disease Act, 1897: This colonial Act was enacted by the British, for the first time in the then state of Bombay during the Bubonic Plague. It is a state government Act. The Act strives to protect the common citizens in a particular area during the outbreak of an epidemic or a dangerous disease. The … Read more DMPQ- Write down the salient features of the epidemic disease act.

Constitutional status was accorded to the cooperative societies via 97th Constitutional amendment act. Apart from providing for the right to form cooperative societies to be a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India and insertion of Article 43B under the Directive Principles of State Policy on promotion of cooperative societies, the amendment … Read more DMPQ- Why cooperative societies were accorded constitutional status?

He should have been an advocate or pleader for 7 years. He should be recommended by high court. He shouldn’t already be in service of centre or state. The appointment, posting, promotion is made by Governor after consultation with High court. Other appointments of judicial service are made by Governor after consulting high court and … Read more DMPQ- What are the qualifications for the appointment of District Judge?

Parliament is not so powerful as compared to British counter part due to: Written nature of the constitution. Doctrine of the basic structure of the constitution Doctrine of the Judicial review. Federal system of government List system and the powers of Union and states are predetermined Fundamental rights cannot be violated as per article 13. … Read more DMPQ: Indian Parliament is not absolute authority akin to British parliament. Comment.

  323 A 323B Parliament may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditons of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State or of any local or other … Read more DMPQ: What is the difference between the Tribunals created under 323A and 323 B?

Parliamentary privileges are certain rights and immunities enjoyed by members of Parliament, individually and collectively, so that they can “effectively discharge their functions”. When any of these rights and immunities are disregarded, the offence is called a breach of privilege and is punishable under law of Parliament. Rule No 222 in Chapter 20 of the … Read more DMPQ- What is a privilege motion?

Launched by the Hon’ble PM in January, the ‘Transformation of Aspirational Districts’ programme aims to quickly and effectively transform these districts. The broad contours of the programme are Convergence (of Central & State Schemes), Collaboration (of Central, State level ‘Prabhari’ Officers & District Collectors), and Competition among districts driven by a mass Movement. With States … Read more DMPQ- Transformation of aspirational districts programme aims to quickly and effectively transform some of the most underdeveloped districts of the country. Discuss

The constitution of India has authorised the State to impose certain restrictions on fundamental rights   Restrictions may be put on the right to freedom of speech & expression in the interest of sovereignty , integrity and security of India , friendly relations with foreign states , public order , decency or morality or in … Read more DMPQ- What do you understand by the term reasonable restrictions and also what significance its hold in Indian constitution.

The National People’s Party (NPP) has been recognised as the eighth national party by the Election Commission of India, making it the first regional party of the north-east to be accorded the status. The Election Commission registers political parties for the purpose of elections and grants them recognition as national or state parties on the … Read more DMPQ: What is a National political party. Enumerate the criteria for according the status of National political party.

Free legal aid is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed to all the citizens of the country. Article 21 of the Constitution of India states, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. Hence ensuring legal aid to everyone is necessary for ensuring substantive equality. … Read more DMPQ-Why free legal aid is important as a tool to ensure dispensation of Justice? Discuss the status of free legal aid in India.

NHRC of India is an independent statutory body established on 12 October, 1993 as per provisions of Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, later amended in 2006.It is the watchdog of human rights in the country, i.e. the rights related to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by Indian Constitution or embodied in the … Read more DMPQ-There is a need to empower NHRC in the wake of increase in the complexity in the human rights violations. Comment.

Section 53 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code creates a waterfall mechanism, whereby the proceeds from the sale of the liquidation assets in respect of a corporate debtor are required to be distributed in a certain order of priority. Topping the list are the costs associated with insolvency resolution process and liquidation, which are followed … Read more DMPQ: What do you mean by Waterfall mechanism?

ADR is a mechanism of dispute resolution that is non adversarial, i.e. working together co-operatively to reach the best resolution for everyone. ADR can be instrumental in reducing the burden of litigation on courts, while delivering a well-rounded and satisfying experience for the parties involved.It provides the opportunity to “expand the pie” through creative, collaborative … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by arbitrary dispute resolution mechanism? Explain also the different tools of alternative dispute redressal mechanism.

Need of Independent judiciary: To have rule of law Ensure constitutional ethos and values remain intact. Prevent whims and fancies, arbitrariness of Legislature and Executive To do complete Justice Act as a ray of hope if executives and legislature fail to deliver on democratic and constitutional principles, values and ethos. Ensure Fundamental rights are not … Read more DMPQ- Explain the importance of an Independent judiciary and describe the constitutional provisions to ensure the independence of Judiciary.

In India, right to protest is a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India. But right to strike is not a fundamental right but a legal right and with this right statutory restriction is attached in the industrial dispute Act, 1947. In the All India Bank Employees Association v. I. T. , … Read more DMPQ- Right to strike is a part of the Fundamental right or not?

The second component under Ayushman Bharat is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna or PM-JAY as it is popularly known. This scheme was launched on 23rd September, 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims … Read more DMPQ- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya yojana.

Rajya Sabha members are elected indirectly by the people, that is, by the MLAs. Members of a state’s Legislative Assembly vote in the Rajya Sabha elections in proportional representation with the single transferable vote (STV) system. Each MLA’s vote is counted only once. To win a Rajya Sabha seat, a candidate should get a required number of votes. That number … Read more DMPQ- Describe the process of election of Rajya sabha member and how it is different then that of Lok sabha member.

Elections have on the evolutionary path of being transparent, more inclusive and efficient. But recently unhealthy practices and patterns have emerged. This patterns are anti to the development of robust democracy. Some of these patterns are as follows: Candidates and winners in assembly are from the affluent section which explicitly shows the nexus between money … Read more DMPQ- Electoral process need to be more fair and transparent as some unhealthy patterns have emerged. Comment