One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
Digital Signature Certificates or DSC or Digital Signature are being adopted by various government agencies and now is a statutory requirement in various applications. There are different class of certificates to help organization and individuals secure online transactions with legal validity as per the Indian IT Act, 2000. A digital signature is a mathematical … Read more
NABH NIRMAN: The government is augmenting the airport capacity of various airports as part of NABH (NextGen Airports for BHarat) Nirman initiative.The government in February announced a new initiative — NABH Nirman— under which it proposes to expand airport capacity in the country by more than five times to handle a billion trips a year.The … Read more
What is biofortification? Ans: Biofortification is the process of breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding for improved crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding is done with the objective of improving protein content and quality. Oil … Read more
Vaikom Satyagraha was a movement in Travancore (modern-day Kerala) for temple entry of the depressed classes. It took place near the Shiva Temple at Vaikom, Kottayam district, Kerala during 1924-25. Vaikom was at that time a part of the princely state of Travancore.According to the prevalent caste system in Kerala and the rest of India, … Read more
The cost of recharge to sub-surface reservoir is lower than surface reservoirs. The aquifer serves as a distribution system also. No land is wasted for storage purpose and no population displacement is involved. Ground water is not directly exposed to evaporation and pollution. Storing water under ground is environment friendly. It increases the productivity … Read more
The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III is a launch vehicle under development. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle is a launch vehicle under development. ISRO is developing this to enable India to launch its heavier satellites without dependence on foreign rockets and providers. The GSLV MK-III is a 3 stage vehicle and will have … Read more
This is a scheme for providing Physical Aids and Assisted-living Devices for Senior citizens belonging to BPL category. This is a Central Sector Scheme, fully funded by the Central Government. The expenditure for implementation of the scheme will be met from the “Senior Citizens’ Welfare Fund”. The Scheme will be implemented through the sole implementing … Read more
DPSP are enshrined in part IV of the constitution and they are constitutional direction to achieve social and economic democracy in India. They are akin to instrument of instruction and are fundamental to the governance of the country. They have paramount utility as: They act as a source of benchmark to judge the performance of … Read more
Quasi-judicial bodies have powers analogous to that of the law-imposing bodies but these are not courts. They have all the powers of a civil court. They primarily oversee the administrative zones. The courts have the power to supervise over all types of disputes but the quasi-judicial bodies are the ones with the powers of imposing … Read more
The spinal cord, running almost the full length of the back, carries information between the brain and body, but also carries out other tasks. From the brainstem, where the spinal cord meets the brain, 31 spinal nerves enter the cord. Along its length, it connects with the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that … Read more
External commercial borrowing (ECB) is basically a loan availed by an Indian entity from a non-resident lender. They are used widely in India to facilitate access to foreign money by Indian corporations and PSUs (public sector undertakings). Most of these loans are provided by foreign commercial banks and other institutions. In the post reform period, … Read more
In Jharkhand’s rural economy, agriculture is one of the significant sectors, which leads to food security,income, price stability and livelihood for the majority. As per the statistics more than 76 per cent of the people live in rural areas and 66.85 per cent of the total labour force is dependent on agriculture. This shows the … Read more
Thrust Areas Varietal Development and PVP Seed Production Quality Assurance Seed Distribution and Marketing. Infrastructure facilities Transgenic Plant Varieties Import of seeds and planting material Export of seeds Promotion of Domestic Seed Strengthening of monitoring system
Land reforms Distribute ceiling-surplus and waste lands; Prevent diversion of prime agricultural land and forest to corporate sector for non-agricultural purposes. Ensure grazing rights and seasonal access to forests to tribals and pastoralists, and access to common property resources. Establish a National Land Use Advisory Service, which would have the capacity to link land use … Read more
Different types of robots can performs different types of tasks. For example, many of the robots are made for assembly work which means that they are not relevant for any other work and these types of robots are called Assembly Robots. Similarly, for seam welding many suppliers provide robots with their welding materials and these … Read more
Composition of NCST The Commission comprises a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson and three full time members (including one lady member). The term of office Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and Member of NCST is three years from the date of assumption of charge. The Chairperson has been given the rank of Union Cabinet Minister The Vice-Chairperson has the rank … Read more
Allogamy Allogamy occurs when the gametes which join together during fertilization come from two different individuals. The female gamete is usually in the form of an egg or ovum while the male gamete takes the form of a sperm. Both egg and sperm are cells specialized to perform the task of reproduction; each sex cell … Read more
The main reasons for concentration of jute industries in WB are: Favourable condition for Jute production: Ample amount of water, high humidity and warm and wet climate. Secondly cheap labour is also available from Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha etc Hubly river also provide import and export of jute. Problem faced by Jute industry: Shortage of … Read more
The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions (Articles 302 to 305) of Part XIII of the Constitution itself. These are explained below: (i) Parliament can impose restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse between the states or … Read more
a) Ijara: the Ijarahsystem or revenue farming was introduced to boost up the state’s revenue in Bengal in the reign of Jahandar Shah (1712–13), who was supported by nobel Zulfiqar Khan.Under this system, when peasant did not have resources available for cultivation or due to some calamity cultivation could not be done, the lands were farmed … Read more
According to the scheme, The States and Union Territories are required to complete the works of household electrification by the 31st of December 2018. The beneficiaries for free electricity connections would be identified using Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data. However, un-electrified households not covered under the SECC data would also be provided electricity connections … Read more
The Home Rule League Movement (1916-18) was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Maharashtra (excluding Bombay), Karnataka, Central Provinces and Berar and Annie Besant in the rest of the country. It was inspired by the Irish Home Rule Movement. The following were the objectives of the movement: Annie Besant demanded that India be granted self-government … Read more
Some of the core public service values are as follows: Accountability: This is essential in field of public administration and particularly important within the context of administrative discretion. Effective administration requires administrators to exercise the discretion with accountability. Legitimacy: The public interest might also be considered as significant value. Although, there are numerous types and … Read more
The assessment of revenue was made after a careful survey and classification of the lands according to their quality and yield. The share of the state was fixed at two-fifths of the gross produce. The cultivator was given the option of paying either in cash or kind. Besides the land revenue, Shivaji had other sources … Read more
1. Endeavour to achieve an appropriate level of protection of human life and health and the protection of consumer’s interests, including fair practices in all kinds of food trade with reference to food safety standards and practices; 2. Carry out risk management which shall include taking into account the results of risk assessment and other … Read more
Amnesty International recorded at least 657 executions in 20 countries in 2018, down by 5% from 2018 (at least 690 executions). This figure represents the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade. Reasons to abolish death Penalty: It is irreversible and mistakes happen.Execution is the ultimate, irrevocable punishment: … Read more
The revolt of 1857 marks a turning point in the history of India. It led to far-reaching changes in the system of administration and the policies of the British government. Even before the Revolt could be suppressed fully, the British Parliament, on August 2, 1858, passed an Act for the Better Government of India. The … Read more
By 2600 BCE, small Early Harappan communities had developed into large urban centers. These cities include Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan and Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in modern-day India. In total, more than 1,052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the Indus River and its … Read more
The capitalism possibly was grown by the technology change. Before the Industrial Revolution, the people who lived in Britain might suffer from the worse quality of living conditions. The industrialist affected the decline of the traditional handicraft. Some scientists had come up with mind and invented several new productions. Owing to the new inventions, the … Read more
Model code of conduct are directives given to political parties to ensure free and fair elections at the same time to maintain high standards in the elections. The provisions of the conducts are not legally binding. The MCC comes into force with the declaration of election schedule. Election commission can enforce MCC in following ways: … Read more
The set of the agreement by the BCBS (BASEL COMMITTEE ON BANKING SUPERVISION), which mainly focuses on risks to banks and the financial system are called Basel accord. The purpose of the accord is to ensure that financial institutions have enough capital on account to meet the obligations and absorb unexpected losses. India has accepted … Read more
Dams and flood control The efficiency of dams to withhold floods has always been put to question. Critics have also termed dams as harbinger of floods claiming that the essential scientific assessment for consistent release of water to avoid build up is rarely done. Absence of a standard operating procedure for releasing water from the … Read more
Large-scale, technology-enabled, real-time Direct Benefit Transfers can improve the economic lives of India’s poor, and the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile) can help the government implement them. Over the past year, JAM has deepened its coverage at an astonishing rate creating around 4 million accounts per week and several mobile money operators were licensed. … Read more
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is … Read more
This theory was put forth by Alfred Wegener. The continental drift hypothesis was developed in the early part of the 20th century. According to this theory, e continents were once united into a single supercontinent named Pangaea, meaning all earth in ancient Greek. He suggested that Pangaea broke up long ago and that the continents … Read more
. Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890), born in Satara, Maharashtra, belonged to the mali (gardener) community and organised a powerful movement against upper caste domination and brahminical supremacy. Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873, with the leadership of the samaj coming from the backward classes, malis, telis, kunbis, saris and dhangars. The main … Read more
Modernity may be understood as the common behavioural system that is historically associated with the urban, industrial, and literate and participant societies of Western Europe and North America. It is characterised by a rational and scientific world-view, growth and the ever increasing application of science and technology, which is coupled with the continuous adaptation of … Read more
The second component under Ayushman Bharat is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna or PM-JAY as it is popularly known. This scheme was launched on 23rd September, 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims … Read more
As per the law under the section 33(7) of the Representation of the People Act, a candidate can contest from two seats. Recently the SC gave the ruling to examine this provision. This provision shall be done away with as : In case of winning from both seats as per section 70 of RoPA, the … Read more
Section 53 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code creates a waterfall mechanism, whereby the proceeds from the sale of the liquidation assets in respect of a corporate debtor are required to be distributed in a certain order of priority. Topping the list are the costs associated with insolvency resolution process and liquidation, which are followed … Read more
India has been facing serious issues as far as economy is concerned. The growth rate plummeted to 4.5%. Unemployment rate is highest in 45 years and at the same time food inflation is also on higher side. So we are going towards stagflation. The major reasons for economic slow down are as follows: Twin balance … Read more
Applications of hydraulic pressure Hydraulic Lifts and Fluid Power Blaise Pascal derived a law that explains how people can harness the power of fluids. When you apply pressure to liquid in a confined container, that pressure transmits equally to all other points in the container. According to the law, it’s also possible for a hydraulic … Read more
There were certain basic constraints before the congress ministries could undertake a complete overhaul of the agrarian structure by completely abolishing zamindari. These constraints were: The ministries did not have adequate powers. There were inadequate financial resources as a lion’s share was appropriated by the Government of India. Strategy of class adjustments was another … Read more
The essence of federalism lies in the sharing of legal sovereignty by the union and the federation units. This separation of power is done through list system enshrined in 7th schedule of the constitution. There are Union list ( Centre law making zone), State list ( state law making zone), Concurrent list ( both can … Read more
In order to form a zygote, male gametes in pollen grains have to fuse with egg in the ovule. This is achieved by the process called pollination. Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther – male part of a flower, to the stigma – female part of a flower. Depending on … Read more
Surface Irrigation In this method water flows and spreads over the surface of the land. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. Hence, flow of water under surface irrigation comes under unsteady flow. As a result it is very difficult to understand the hydraulics of surface irrigation. However, suitable and … Read more
The Act is expected to re-establish the rule of law with respect to the fugitive economic offenders as they would be forced to return to India to face trial for scheduled offences. This would also help the banks and other financial institutions to achieve higher recovery from financial defaults committed by such fugitive economic offenders, … Read more
Constitutional status was accorded to the cooperative societies via 97th Constitutional amendment act. Apart from providing for the right to form cooperative societies to be a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India and insertion of Article 43B under the Directive Principles of State Policy on promotion of cooperative societies, the amendment … Read more
Steps to modernise agri are as follows: Increase area under irrigation. Increase adoption of hybrid and improved seeds. Dynamic seed development plans. States should aim to increase the seed replacement rate (SRR) to 33 per cent for self-pollinatedcrops and 50 per cent for cross-pollinated cropsin alternative years. Increase variety replacement ratio to phase out old … Read more