One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
Zero-Based Budgeting – ZBB This is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each financial year. The process of this budgeting starts from a “zero base,” on every financial year. Every function within the ministry or department is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budget allocations are then made according … Read more DMPQ- Throw light on some of other forms of budgeting in India.
The parliamentary system of government in India is largely based on the British parliamentary system. However, it never became a replica of the British system and differs in the following respects: India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. In other words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) … Read more DMPQ- . “Indian Parliamentary system is not a replica of British Parliament.” Explain the statement.
State police forces had 24% vacancies (about 5.5 lakh vacancies) in January 2016. Hence, while the sanctioned police strength was 181 police per lakh persons in 2016, the actual strength was 137 police. Note that the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons. 86% of the state police comprises of constabulary. Constables … Read more DMPQ- Describe how Indian Police is overburdened. Also mention the major lacks in police infrastructure in Indian police.
The summer solstice occurs at the moment the earth’s tilt toward from the sun is at a maximum. Therefore, on the day of the summer solstice, the sun appears at its highest elevation with a noontime position that changes very little for several days before and after the summer solstice. The summer solstice occurs when … Read more DMPQ- Differentiate between summer solstice, winter solstice and equinox.
Tax on black money The most important way to view demonetisation is as a tax administration measure, one designed to tax holdings of black money. Of course, demonetisation of large denomination notes is not exactly the same as demonetisation of black money. Some cash holdings were perfectly “white”, the fruit of income upon which taxes … Read more DMPQ- How did Demonetisation helped to curb in tax related corruption ?
. A plea was made in favour of US presidential system of government in the Constituent Assembly4. But, the founding fathers preferred the British parliamentary system due to the following reasons: Familiarity with the System The Constitution-makers were somewhat familiar with the parliamentary system as it had been in operation in India during the British … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the reasons Why India adopted Parliamentary system instead of Presidential system .
China and its engagements in the Indian Ocean Region is set to grow at a rapid pace until the near future. China’s setting up of its base in Djibouti is ideal during peacetime but there is also a significant presence of other militaries such as the US, France, Japan, etc, which shall render the Chinese … Read more DMPQ- China has been actively engaged in expanding its footprint in Indian Ocean. Explain what kind of threat China pose for India in Indian ocean.
Mikhail Gorbachev’s reformist policies in the Soviet Union merely served to encourage opposition movements to the Communist regimes in the Soviet bloc countries. Demonstrations became more frequent. Governments were forced to accept measures, recommended, moreover, by Gorbachev, towards liberalisation. However, these measures were not deemed to be sufficient. Hopes of freedom, long suppressed by the … Read more DMPQ- . Why and how did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?
The government does not perform any business so it cannot earn money to spend. Hence, the government has to raise the money from the economy to enable it to spend that money in terms of requirements and national priorities. The government raises money primarily through ‘taxes’ and the spending known as ‘public expenditure’. A policy … Read more DMPQ- What are the main objectives of Fiscal policy in India ?
The features or principles of parliamentary government in India are: Nominal and Real Executives The President is the nominal executive (de jure executive or titular executive) while the Prime Minister is the real executive (de facto executive). Thus, the President is head of the State, while the Prime Minister is head of the government. Article … Read more DMPQ- . What are important features of Parliamentary system of India’s democracy?
. There have been a series of lone wolf terrorist strikes across the world. From 2014 Sydney hostage crisis to Paris knife attack are among the prominent incidents. A lone wolf attack is undertaken by a very small group or an individual in support of a larger cause, but without the overall supervision or support … Read more DMPQ- Terrorists organizations like ISIS are using lone wolf attacks. What do you understand by ‘lone wolf attacks’? What threat does this pose to India?
Weimar republic which came in power in Germany after first world war failed to solve the problems and soon Germany turned into a fascist state. The reasons for it’s failures are as follows : Republic lacked legitimacy from the outset. This was a result of the elites fleeing the nation just before the war ended. … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the reasons for the failure of Weimar republic ?
. Besides the huge resources required there are structural issues like, one of the highest Aggregate Transmission and Distribution (AT&D) losses of 25 per cent the highest in the world. There are other issues like power thefts which along with distribution losses result in losses to the State Electricity Boards (SEBs), under pricing, mounting losses … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the major features of Integrated energy policy of India.
. In 1976, the Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need and necessity of which was felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977). The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution. It stressed that the citizens … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the Swarn Singh committee and it’s recommendations vis-à-vis Fundamental duties.
Money laundering is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. The money from the criminal activity is considered dirty, and the process “launders” it to make it look clean. Money laundering is a … Read more DMPQ- What is money laundering ? How does it helps organized crime ?
The New Deal itself created millions of jobs and sponsored public works projects that reached most every county in the nation. Federal protection of bank deposits ended the dangerous trend of bank runs. Abuse of the stock market was more clearly defined and monitored to prevent collapses in the future. The Social Security system was … Read more DMPQ- Critically evaluate the achievements of new deal to end the recession in the United States of America.
Various investment models which have emerged in recent times especially in post-reforms and also from experiences of emerging marker economies (EMEs). These models are not alternates to each other but are only variants of investment models. The policy support will require well-drafted ‘futuristic policies’ in different areas especially in the areas of ‘pricing and tax … Read more DMPQ- Suggest appropriate investment model for India’s infrastructure sector.
. In spite of the above criticisms and shortcomings, the Directive Principles are not an unnecessary appendage to the Constitution. The Constitution itself declares that they are fundamental to the governance of the country. According to L M Singhvi, an eminent jurist and diplomat, ‘the Directives are the life giving provisions of the Constitution. They … Read more DMPQ- Explain why Directive principles of State policy are important and relevant in 21st century.
Paramilitary forces such as the Central Reserve Police Force, Border Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Central Industrial Security Force and Sashastra Seema Bal brave the odds to fight enemies of the nation and to protect our borders. The paramilitary forces come under the union home ministry, while the three armed forces are ruled by the … Read more DMPQ- . “Paramilitary forces allege of step-motherly treatment meted by the government as compared to military.” Discuss.
Israel’s stunning victory in the Six-Day War of 1967 left the Jewish nation in control of territory four times its previous size. Egypt lost the 23,500-square-mile Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and Syria lost the strategic Golan Heights. When Anwar el-Sadat (1918-81) became president of Egypt … Read more DMPQ- Assess the reasons why the Six-Day War of 1967 was followed by the Yom Kippur War only three years later.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) which undertook the study on the feasibility of this prestigious project, submitted its report in July 2015. The project was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, in December 2015, to be implemented with Japanese technical and financial assistance. The memorandum of understanding for cooperation between India and … Read more DMPQ- What is High speed railway project ? Throw light on the salient features of the project ?
These principles reflect the ideology of socialism. They lay down the framework of a democratic socialist state, aim at providing social and economic justice, and set the path towards welfare state. They direct the state: To promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by justice— social, economic and political—and to … Read more DMPQ- Throw light on Directive principles which are Socialistic in Nature.
The army, air force and navy began inducting women as short-service commission (SSC) officers in 1992. This was the first time women were allowed to join the military outside the medical stream. Initially, they could serve for five years, and their service could be extended by another five years. In 2006, a policy revision allowed … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the recent decision of induction of women for combat role in Indian Army.
The genesis of the integration process began in Europe after the World War II. In the process of planning the introduction of a new political order in post-war Europe, it was acknowledged that the key task was the reconstruction of European economies. Western European leaders realised that only efficient and effective European economy would be … Read more DMPQ- . Why and in what ways did the states of western Europe see close relations with each other after the Second World War?
The CISF came into existence in 1969 with a modest beginning, having three battalions, to provide integrated security cover to the Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) which, in those years, occupied the commanding heights of the economy. In a span of four decades, the Force has grown several folds to reach one lakh forty eight thousand … Read more DMPQ- What is central Industrial Security Force (CISF) ? Explain it’s mandate and objectives.
. First and the foremost reason for this is the high cost of rail movement arising out of policy of cross subsidization by IR. Passenger fares especially sleeper class are underpriced and made up through increased freight fares. In India, passenger rail fares are highly politically sensitive. However, this is also because of the social … Read more DMPQ- “Currently Railway’s freight sector is possessed by many challenges” Elaborate.
The Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution have met with a wide and varied criticism. The arguments of the critics are: Excessive Limitations They are subjected to innumerable exceptions, restrictions, qualifications and explanations. Hence, the critics remarked that the Constitution grants Fundamental Rights with one hand and takes them away with the … Read more DMPQ- “There are many provisions which limit the reach and aceess of Fundamental rights.” Elucidate.
The defence ministry is in the process of implementing a slew of reforms suggested by the committee, headed by Lt Gen. D.B. Shekatkar (retd), which studied how to make the armed forces much leaner, cohesive and modern. Initially, the ministry had considered the report and sent 99 recommendations to the armed forces for making an … Read more DMPQ- . Government has started defence reforms based on Shekatkar Committee recommendations to enhance combat capability of the armed forces. Discuss.
Between the late 1960s and the late 1970s, there was a thawing of the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. This détente took several forms, including increased discussion on arms control. Although the decade began with vast improvements in bilateral relations, by the end of the decade events had brought … Read more DMPQ- Why was there a period of détente during the1970s and 1980s,and in what ways did detente manifest itself?
India’s fact sheet of ports consists of twelve major ports (two additionally approved— one in West Bengal and the second at Andhra Pradesh) and two hundred odd minor ports accounting for 95 per cent of cargo movement by volume and 70 per cent by value. The present port capacity is around 1000 million tonnes (MT). … Read more DMPQ- Point out the significance of ‘Maritime Agenda 2010-2020’ for the development of India’s Port sector.
JHARKHAND CLIMATE of Jharkhand There are three well-defined seasons in Jharkhand. The cold-weather season, from November to February, is the most pleasant part of the year. High temperatures in Ranchi in December usually rise from about 50 °F (10 °C) into the low 70s F (low 20s C) daily. The hot-weather season lasts from … Read more 16.12.20 Daily JPSC Current Affairs
Originally, the right to property was one of the seven fundamental rights under Part III of the Constitution. It was dealt by Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31. Article 19(1)(f) guaranteed to every citizen the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31, on the other hand, guaranteed to every person, whether citizen or … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the position of Right to property since independence.
Quad is an informal strategic forum among the like-minded democracies across the Indian and the Pacific Ocean aimed to ensure and support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo-Pacific region. It comprises of the USA, India, Japan and Australia. Dubbed the Asian NATO, the Quad has a rocky past and has only recently developed a greater … Read more DMPQ- What is QUAD ? What are the implications of including Australia in MALABAR 2020 under QUAD ?
End of cold war When Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the reins of power in the Soviet Union in 1985, no one predicted the revolution he would bring. A dedicated reformer, Gorbachev introduced the policies of glasnost and perestroika to the USSR. Gorbachev hoped these changes would be enough to spark the sluggish Soviet economy. Freedom, however, … Read more DMPQ- Explain why the Cold War came to an end, and show how this affected international relations.
. Despite the efforts of the government as highlighted above infrastructural development still has a few challenges as mentioned below: The World Economic Forum has ranked India in terms of infrastructure as 89 among 139 countries. Countries such as China have a rank of 50 and Brazil 62. This implies that our infrastructure is viewed … Read more DMPQ- What are the key challenge of Infrastructure development in India ?
Article 34 provides for the restrictions on fundamental rights while martial law is in force in any area within the territory of India. It empowers the Parliament to indemnify any government servant or any other person for any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area where … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the impact of Martial law on the status of Fundamental rights.
. Fifteen countries have formed the world's largest trading bloc, covering nearly a third of the global economy. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is made up of 10 Southeast Asian countries, as well as South Korea, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The pact is seen as an extension of China's influence in the … Read more DMPQ- What is RCEP ? Analyze the economic implications for India of opting out of Agreement.
Following its 1945 defeat in World War II, Japan withdrew its forces from Vietnam, leaving the French-educated Emperor Bao Dai in control. Seeing an opportunity to seize control, Ho’s Viet Minh forces immediately rose up, taking over the northern city of Hanoi and declaring a Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) with Ho as president. Seeking … Read more DMPQ- What caused the civil war in South Vietnam and why did the USA become involved?
Smart cities Cities accommodate nearly 31% of India’s current population and contribute 63% of GDP (Census 2011). Urban areas are expected to house 40% of India’s population and contribute 75% of India’s GDP by 2030. This requires comprehensive development of physical, institutional, social and economic infrastructure. All are important in improving the quality of life … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the major steps taken by central government to boost the Urban infrastructure.
A mere declaration of fundamental rights in the Constitution is meaningless, useless and worthless without providing an effective machinery for their enforcement, if and when they are violated. Hence, Article 32 confers the right to remedies for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen. In other words, the right to get the … Read more DMPQ- Explain how Article 32 is the soul of constitution of India.
Thousands of young people in Thailand are defying the authorities by gathering in the streets and calling for change in some of the biggest pro-democracy protests the country has seen in years. An emergency decree banning such rallies was issued by the government in an attempt to clamp down on the largely peaceful demonstrations that … Read more DMPQ- What are the causes of pro democracy protests in Thailand? Also analyze the way forward for democracy in the country.
Between 1948 and 1951, the United States undertook what many consider to be one of its more successful foreign policy initiatives and most effective foreign aid programs. The Marshall Plan (the Plan) and the European Recovery Program (ERP) that it generated involved an ambitious effort to stimulate economic growth in a despondent and nearly bankrupt … Read more DMPQ- How important was the Marshall Plan in bringing about the recovery of Western Europe between 1947 and 1951?
The Policy is based on a principle of industrial growth in partnership with the States. Central Government will create the enabling policy framework, provide incentives for infrastructure development on a PPP basis through appropriate financing instruments, while State Governments will identify the suitable land and be equity holders in the National Investment and Manufacturing Zones … Read more DMPQ- What are the important aspects of national manufacturing policy 2011?
. Article 29 provides that any section of the citizens residing in any part of India having a distinct language, script or culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same. Further, no citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State … Read more DMPQ- “Article 29 and article 30 provide protections to minorities.” Elucidate.
Within the span of only a month, the United States has brokered peace between Israel and two Arab countries—first the United Arab Emirates, then Bahrain. Both deals are revolutionary in scop. By normalizing ties and focusing on business, trade, and travel, these “warm peace” agreements go beyond the often tenuous “cold peace” that Egypt and … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the significance of recent Israel-Arab peace deal to bring the peace in middle east region. Also mention it’s importance for India’s interests.
. Appeasement is most often used to describe the response of British policy makers to the rise of Nazi Germany in the 1930s. It is seen as a policy of one-sided concessions to an aggressor state, often at the expense of third parties, with nothing offered in return except promises of better behaviour in the … Read more DMPQ- How far the appeasement of Hitler was responsible for the second world war?
Both disinvestment as well as privatization is the reverse of investment. For setting up public sector, the government had to invest by subscribing in shares of the new public sector from budgetary resources. Thus, disinvestment and privatization both imply ‘selling of shares of public sector by the government’. We all know that shares are traded … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the approach of disinvestment and privatization in 1991 economic policy.
The rule of equality before law is not absolute and there are constitutional and other exceptions to it. These are mentioned below: The President of India and the Governor of States enjoy the following immunities (Article 361): The President or the Governor is not answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the constitutional and other exceptions to the right to equality under Article 14.
India’s Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh and Minister of External Affairs Dr. S. Jaishankar welcomed U.S. Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo and Secretary of Defense Dr. Mark T. Esper to New Delhi for the third annual India-U.S. 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue. The Ministers reiterated their commitment to maintaining a free, open, inclusive, peaceful, and prosperous … Read more DMPQ- Point out the significance of Indo-US 2+2 dialogue in 2020 in advancing the shared vision for Indo-pacific region.
The dawn of the 20th century was thus a time of anxiety for the British Empire. Challenged for the first time by the commercial, naval, and colonial might of many other industrializing nations, the British reconsidered the wisdom of splendid isolation. To be sure, in the Fashoda Incident of 1898 Britain succeeded in forcing France … Read more DMPQ- Explain why relations between the European states were so full of tensions in the early years of the twentieth century.