WOMEN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) was launched by the Prime Minister on 22nd January, 2015 at Panipat, Haryana. BBBP addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and related issues of women empowerment over a life-cycle continuum. It is a tri-ministerial effort of Ministries of Women and Child … Read more
Domestic capital in economic development Our economic growth has been facing headwinds which is primarily cyclical in nature. The policy makers, the regulators and the system are making an honest effort to restore it. Many fiscal and monitory policies have been announced and implemented sincerely. These measures, it is expected, will bring the desired outcome. … Read more
Growth and trade – volume, composition and direction of exports and imports The composition of commodities in India’s international trade has been undergoing a change over the years. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined, whereas, shares of petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased. The shares of ore minerals and … Read more
BOLT and BOT schemes Infrastructure is the word used to collectively refer to the facilities like roads, railways, bridges, manufacturing plants etc. A good infrastructure is a prerequisite for economic growth. The infrastructure development was taken up on a large scale during the last decade. The Government envisaged the nation wide infrastructure development through the … Read more
BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a method of subcontracting various business-related operations to third-party vendors. Although BPO originally applied solely to manufacturing entities, such as soft drink manufacturers that outsourced large segments of their supply chains, BPO now applies to the outsourcing of services, as well. Many businesses, from small startups … Read more
Reviving a loss making PSU In the last seven decades, CPSUs have contributed significantly towards making India self- reliant in their respective fields. In addition to physical assets, these have developed significant competencies with regard to human resources, intellectual property, research etc. and have always served the national priorities, over narrow business interests. Following the … Read more
Problem of illiteracy in India and solutions According to the 2011 Census, any person aged seven and above and has the ability to read and write is considered literate. The average literacy rate in India stands at 74.04%. While Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India at 93.91%, Bihar has the least literacy rate … Read more
Thermal power program of India More than 65% of India’s electricity generation capacity comes from thermal power plants, with 85% of the country’s thermal power generation being coal-based. The ten biggest thermal power stations operating in India are all coal-fired, with five of them owned and operated by state-run National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). Vindhyachal Thermal … Read more
National Watershed Development Programme National Watershed Development Programme for Rain fed Areas (NWDPRA) is a programme subsumed under Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) Scheme of Department of Agriculture & Cooperation which has been amended for the XI Five Year Plan. The guidelines of the revised MMA are also applicable from the financial year 2008-09. The … Read more
Poverty alleviation schemes of India Public distribution system The Public Distribution System (PDS) evolved as a system of management of scarcity through distribution of food grains at affordable prices. Over the years, PDS has become an important part of Government’s policy for management of food economy in the country. PDS is supplemental in nature and … Read more
? Energy security Energy security can be defined as “the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price”. Energy security has many dimensions: long-term energy security mainly deals with timely investments to supply energy in line with economic developments and sustainable environmental needs. Short-term energy security focuses on the ability of the energy … Read more
? National Educational Research and Training Council The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous organisation of the Government of India which was established on 1 September 1961 as a literary, scientific and charitable Society under the Societies’ Registration Act (Act XXI of 1860). Its headquarters are located at Sri … Read more
? Gender equality Gender equality describes the absence of obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on gender. Disparities can include the discrimination in terms of opportunities, resources, services, benefits, decision-making power and influence. It is important to note that Gender is a social construct which is based on social roles, not sexual differences … Read more
? EMPLOYMENT As per Employment-Unemployment Survey (by NSSO) of 2011-12 (latest available), total workforce employed stands at 47.36 crore; with 23.16 crore in agriculture and 24.2 crore in industry and services According to the fifth Annual Employment-Unemployment Survey (EUS) conducted between April and December 2015, 83% of the workers in India were self-employed, casual … Read more
? Govt. employment policy Analysing and Improving Labour Market Data Availability of detailed, reliable, and comprehensive information on the labour market is critical to meet the employment challenge through well-targeted policies and programmes. At present, the dearth of statistical data on the labour market in India poses serious constraints to employment planning and … Read more
? Role of agriculture in Indian economic development-interrelationship between agriculture, industry and service sectors Role of agriculture in Indian economic development Contribution to National Income From the very beginning, agriculture is contributing a major portion to our national income. In 1950-51, agriculture and allied activities contributed about 59 per cent of the total national … Read more
? Extension Activities: The government is taking up extension activities in a big way and utilizing the campaign modes to educate farmers in all possible forms. Polam Pilusthondi: The main objective of the scheme is to strengthen the extension reach at farmers’ doorstep for increasing productivity, profi tability, sustainability and explore the possibilities of … Read more
? Introduction India is very rich in forest resources, with a large area under forest. All kinds of trees are found here varying from the deciduous, tropical hardwood trees to the evergreen and coniferous trees. Trees provide one with a wide range of products. From paper to paints, chemicals, housing and … Read more
? Rights related to Health “The right to the highest attainable standard of health” implies a clear set of legal obligations on states to ensure appropriate conditions for the enjoyment of health for all people without discrimination. The right to health is one of a set of internationally agreed human rights standards, and is … Read more
? INTRODUCTION Among several features of globalization, one relates to increasing interactions among nations and removal of barriers to facilitate movement of goods, capital, labour and technology. It is a process that renders various activities and aspiration worldwide in scope or application. As a part of this process of increasing integration of the world, … Read more
? District Planning Committee and planning The institution of District Planning Committee as envisaged in the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act (73rd CAA) is the realisation of consistent and conscious effort towards decentralised planning since the process of planned development began in the country. The desire for decentralised planning was first expressed way back in … Read more
? Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) Physical Quality of Life Index (P.Q.L.I) was developed by famous economist Morris David in 1979 for 23 developed and developing countries. Morris David used the following three indicators to prepare a composite index known as Physical Quality of Life Index: Life Expectant Rate (L.E.I) Infant Mortality Rate … Read more
? Age structure, sex ratio and Rural-Urban composition of India Rural-Urban Composition: For the first time since Independence, the absolute increase in population is more in urban areas that in rural areas Rural Population in India: 68.84% … Read more
? Smart Cities The Government of India has launched the Smart Cities Mission on 25 June 2015. The objective is to promote sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. The … Read more
? Infrastructure 1. The Government of India shall develop a new major port at Duggirajupatnam in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh to be completed in phases with Phase I by end-2018. 2. SAIL shall examine, within six months from the appointed day, the feasibility of establishing an integrated steel plant … Read more
? Calculation of income tax (for salaried person and excluding house rent allowance) Salary is made up of various components such as: Basic salary, House rent allowance (HRA), Special allowance Other allowances, reimbursements etc. However, not all of the amount received as salary is fully taxable. A part of it … Read more
? Measures Adopted for Educational Development of socio-economic disadvantaged groups: Our Constitution has directed the states to promote the educational interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly of SCs and STs in terms of establishment of and admission to educational institutions and grant from state funds for scholarships, etc. It has thus … Read more
? Human Development Index The HDI is an average measure of basic human development achievements in a country measured by UNDP. It is an average of long-term progress in three basic dimensions of human development viz. a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. India has been placed … Read more
? Education, education infrastructure and education policy of Maharashtra Maharashtra is one of the top destinations for Education in India. With numerous school, colleges and other educational institutions operating in the state, Maharashtra is flocked by students from all over the country for pursuing a career in their own chosen field. Pune is a … Read more
? Foreign exchange Foreign exchange is the exchange of one currency for another or the conversion of one currency into another currency. Foreign exchange also refers to the global market where currencies are traded virtually around the clock. Foreign exchange transactions encompass everything from the conversion of currencies by a traveler at an … Read more
? INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPECIAL ECONOMIC MEASURES The Central Government shall take all necessary measures as enumerated in the Thirteenth Schedule for the progress and sustainable development of the successor States within a period of ten years from the oppointed day. The Central Government shall take appropriate fiscal measures, including offer … Read more
? Issues related to Girls Education The problem of women’s education in India is one which attracts our attention immediately. In our country, due to conservative traditionalism, women’s status has, through ages, been considered to be lower than that of men. During the later part of the Vedic period the Aryans had sealed the … Read more
? Financial Markets –Instabilities – Stock Exchanges and SEBI Instabilities in Financial Markets The traditional conception of instability in financial markets stems from the view that financial institutions act as agents which intermediate between savers willing to lend funds and final borrowers seeking to invest funds. This intermediation function not only requires a matching … Read more
? SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN IN UTTARAKHAND In a federal setup like India, strategy for realizing development has to be formulated and implemented at State level within the contours of National framework. Uttarakhand accounts for 1.69 per cent of area of the country as a whole. A brief review of growth trajectory over the … Read more
? Utilization of public fund Intergovernmental transfers from the centre to the states takes place through three channels: statutory and other transfers mandated by the Finance Commission, formula-based transfers for State Plan Schemes through the Planning Commission, and other discretionary transfers by the Planning Commission/ various central Ministries. The entire tax sharing is a … Read more
? Market Economy A market economy is a system where the laws of supply and demand direct the production of goods and services. Supply includes natural resources, capital, and labor. Demand includes purchases by consumers, businesses, and the government. Businesses sell their wares at the highest price consumers will pay. At the same time, shoppers look for the lowest prices … Read more
? Insufficient Financial Resources and Deficiency Of Capital The financial sector and its role in the process of economic development has attracted notable attention since the early 1990s. In particular, the crucial need for a stable banking system was highlighted in the wake of the Asian financial crisis … Read more
? Sources of Income of Central Government As we all know that India is a democratic country and the main aim of the government here is to increase the welfare of the people not the profit of the government. To increase the welfare of the people the Government of India has to start welfare … Read more
? Women’s education in India: statistics According to the statistics released by the latest census of 2011, India’s female literacy rate is 65.46 percent, significantly lower than the world average of 79.7 percent. China, India’s neighbor and the other global human resource powerhouse, precedes with 82.7 percent female literacy rate. The Right to Education … Read more
? Patents and Intellectual Property Rights. (TRIPS & TRIMS) Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are set of rights associated with creations of the human mind. An output of the human mind may be attributed with intellectual property rights. These are like any other property, and the law allows the owner to use the same to … Read more
? Alternative policy initiatives in agricultural marketing More than three-fifths of India’s population draws their livelihood from agriculture that adds just one-fifth to its GDP. There should be obvious serious concerns about efficient functioning of this sector both in terms of its output / productivity and its marketing. While output and productivity are supply … Read more
? Non-banking financial institutions and their reforms in them since 1990s A Non Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 of India, engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares, stock, bonds hire-purchase insurance business or chit business but does not include any institution whose … Read more
? Public Private partnership for inclusive growth Public private partnerships have become increasingly popular in government policy. Especially in the domain of international cooperation and development aid, an increasing part of the budget is spent on public private partnerships. The expectation is that this will enhance the efficiency of public good provisioning, improve local … Read more
? Falling Rupee Value Exchange rate is the price of foreign currency (USD, Yen, Euro, Pound etc) in terms of domestic currency (rupee) i.e. amount of domestic currency needed to buy one unit of foreign currency. Currently price of 1$ = 53.74, which means 1$ can be purchased in exchange of 54. Exchange rate … Read more
? Communication infrastructure of India The Communication Industry in India is one of the rapidly emerging sectors in India. The growth in communication industry is triggered by an increase in the revenues generated from both landline and mobile facilities. Telecommunication is the transmission of messages over distances for the purpose of communication. Telecommunications play … Read more
? Rural Social system and Rural Development Rural social structure Human world is composed of individuals. Individuals interact with one another for the fulfillment of their needs. In this process, they occupy certain status and roles in social life with accompanying rights and obligations. Their social behaviour is patterned and gets associated with certain … Read more
? Energy crisis The energy crisis is the concern that the world’s demands on the limited natural resources that are used to power industrial society are diminishing as the demand rises. These natural resources are in limited supply. While they do occur naturally, it can take hundreds of thousands of years to replenish the … Read more
? Development and conservation of common property resources in rural areas of Karnataka Community Toilet and Bathing Complexes It was decided to provide Community Sanitary Complex cum Bathroom with the facility of independent continuous water supply system, electricity supply, hair dryer, dressing room and also with the facility of commode to physically handicapped and … Read more
? Westernisation and modernization vs Traditionalism Westernisation The role of Westernisation has been very significant in understanding the socio-cultural changes of modern India. British rule produced radical and lasting changes in the Indian society and culture. TheBritish brought with them, unlike the previous invaders, new technology, institutions, knowledge,beliefs, and values. These have become the … Read more
? Issues of finance, ownership, operation and maintenance of all kinds of infrastructure Issues of finance For quite some time, the decline in asset quality under infrastructure financing has been a key area of concern for the banking sector in general and the Public Sector Banks in particular. Accordingly, several regulatory measures to de-stress … Read more
