ETHICS…General Studies- Paper 4 (Coaching Class Notes in Hindi)….????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????- ????? ???? ??????? (?????) ?? ????
JPSC JPCS GS Paper I
Key Initiatives To Protect Marine And Coastal Environments
Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMAPS) Being implemented from 1991. Assesses the health of coastal waters and facilitates management of pollution-related issues Programme was restructured and modified in 2000 2001 to include pollution monitoring; liaison, regulation and legislation; and consultancy services. 2.Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Launched in … Read more Key Initiatives To Protect Marine And Coastal Environments
Fundamental Rights & Duties
The Indian constitution originally provided 7 categories of fundamental rights. But one fundamental right, that to property was removed from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment. Right to property now is an ordinary legal right. Thus there are now 6 categories of fundamental rights. These are: Â (1) Right to equality (Arts. 14-18). In … Read more Fundamental Rights & Duties
 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE
The elements or mineral nutrients are always in circulation moving from non-living to living and then back to the non-living components of the ecosystem in a more or less circular fashion. This circular fashion is known as biogeochemical cycling (bio for living; geo for atmosphere). Nutrient Cycling: The nutrient cycle is a concept that describes … Read more  BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Marketing Management is a social and managerial process by which individuals or firms obtain what they need or want through creating, offering, exchanging products of value with each others. Â CORE CONCEPTS OF MARKETING NEED/ WANT/ DEMAND: Need: It is state of deprivation of some basic satisfaction. Want: Desire for specific … Read more MARKETING MANAGEMENT
JPSC Prelims Notes for History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition & Heritage of India
Ancient Period : (i) The Indus Valley Civilization : Origin, antiquity, extent, authorship and main features; (iilOrigin of the Aryans (iii) Antiquity and stratification of the Vedic literature; Society, economy and religion during Early (Rig-Vedic) period. (iv) The Lichavi and their republican constitution. (v) The Rise of the Magadhan empire (vi)The Mauryas : Extent of empire, … Read more JPSC Prelims Notes for History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition & Heritage of India
Geographical condition and distribution of major crops, like,Rice, Wheat,Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Rubber, Tea and Coffee
Rice The rice is cultivated on the largest areas in India. Historians believe that while the indica variety of rice was first domesticated in the area covering the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas (i.e. north-eastern India).Rice is a nutritional staple food which provides instant energy as its most important component is carbohydrate (starch). Rice … Read more Geographical condition and distribution of major crops, like,Rice, Wheat,Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Rubber, Tea and Coffee
Daily current affair 7 October 2015
Sahitya Akademi Award winners returning their awards Against the recent killings of rationalist and writers mm Kalburgi ,Narendra Dabholkar and Govind pansare Sahitya Akademi winners have returned their awards. They have termed such attacks not only to be against the constitution of India which provide right to life under article 21 but even against the … Read more Daily current affair 7 October 2015
Industrial Economy: Policy Initiative & charges
The Indian Government had undertaken industrial policy reforms since 1980, but the most radical reforms have occurred since 1991, after the severe economic crisis in fiscal year 1990-91. These reforms mainly aimed at enhancing the efficiency and international competitiveness in Indian industry. Growth in the industrial sector is one of the vital figures that affect … Read more Industrial Economy: Policy Initiative & charges
Wetland Conservation Programme
Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic system where the water table is usually near the water surface and land is covered by shallow water. Essential as: control floods, water treatment, recharging of water sources, reduce sediments, check soil erosion, bulwark against encroachment by the sea, winter resort for birds and important … Read more Wetland Conservation Programme
WET LAND ECOSYSTEM
Areas of marsh, fen, peatland/water, whether natural (or) artificial, permanent (or) temporary with water that is static (or) flowing, fresh, brackish (or) salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 mtrs. Wetlands Classification- Inland wetland- a)Natural- Lakes / Ponds, Ox-bow Lakes, Waterlogged, Swamp/marsh b) Manmade- … Read more WET LAND ECOSYSTEM
Origin and evolution of earth
Beginning of the Universe started about 13.6 billion years ago,when the Big Bang created the universe from a point source. During this process, light elements, like H, He, Li, B, and Be formed. From this point in time, the universe began to expand and has been expanding ever since. Concentrations of gas and … Read more Origin and evolution of earth
Rise of Maratha Empire
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (Shivaji Shahaji Bhosale) was the founder of strong Maratha Empire in the west part of India in 17th Century. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (Shivaji Shahaji Bhosale) was born in the fort of Shivneri, near from city Junner (Pune District), in the year 1630 (19th February’ 1630). His mother Jijabai Bhosale named him … Read more Rise of Maratha Empire
Jharkhand Current Affairs- 2020 for Jharkhand PCS Exam of JPSC
Jharkhand Daily Current Affairs not only covers the Daily News event part of Jharkhand but also the National and International events , Pattern of Jharkhand PSC has got a major shift in the recent years with a great focus on Current Affairs. We have Bifurcated the Jharkhand Daily Current Affairs into Jharkhand Events, National Events … Read more Jharkhand Current Affairs- 2020 for Jharkhand PCS Exam of JPSC
Biomes and Its types
Biome The terrestrial part of the biosphere is divisible into enormous regions called biomes, which are characterized, by climate, vegetation, animal life and general soil type. No two biomes are alike. The most important climatic factors are temperature and precipitation. Tundra- Northern most region adjoining the ice bound poles. Devoid of trees except stunted shrubs … Read more Biomes and Its types
Modern Indian history (from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present)- significant events, personalities and issues
India in the Eighteenth  CenturyBahadur Shah 1 (1707-12) Muzam succeeded Aurungzeb after latter’s death in 1707 He acquired the title of Bahadur Shah. Though he was quite old (65) and his rule quite short there are many significant achievements he made He reversed the narrow minded and antagonistic policies of Aurungzeb Made agreements with Rajput … Read more Modern Indian history (from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present)- significant events, personalities and issues
Tribal population and their distribution
Demographic Profile of the STs There are 32 tribes (2011) in Jharkhand of which Santhals are most numerous accounting for one third of the total tribal population followed by Oraon, Munda and Ho contributing more than 10% to the total tribal population. Other tribes such as Kharwar, Lohra, Bhumij and Kharia have a share … Read more Tribal population and their distribution
Utilization for industrial and other purposes, irrigation
 Industrial Uses The share of industrial sector is limited to 2 per cent of the surface water utilisation and 5 per cent of the ground-water. Rough estimates indicate that the present water use in the industrial sector is of the order of 15 km3 . The water use by thermal and nuclear power … Read more Utilization for industrial and other purposes, irrigation
Parliamentary Committees
The functions of Parliament are not only varied in nature, but considerable in volume. The time at its disposal is limited. It cannot make very detailed scrutiny of all legislative and other matters that come up before it. A good deal of Parliamentary business is, therefore, transacted in the committees.These are committees, with MPs as … Read more Parliamentary Committees
Major Monuments of Ancient Period
1. Udaygiri Caves During Chandragupta’s reign at Vidisha, M.P. 2. Angorwatt Temples Suryavarman Ii 3. Vikramashila University Pala King Dharampala 4. Kailash Temple (Ellora) Rashtrakuta king Krishna I 5. Dilwara Temple Tejapala 6. Rathas of Mamallapuram Mahendravarman I (Pallava King) 7. Khajuraho temples Chandelas 8. Martanda temple (Kashmir) Lalitaditya Muktapida 9. Gommateswara (Son of Rishabnath) … Read more Major Monuments of Ancient Period
Food scarcity
According to FAO Food Security  is “a situation in which all people at all times have access to adequate quantities of safe and nutritious food to lead a healthy and active life”. This definition requires three basic conditions to be met: 1) adequacy, i.e. supplies from domestic production, stocks and imports are sufficient to meet the … Read more Food scarcity
Height and Distance
This topic has many practical application in day to day life. In engineering stage it is used in surveying. The basic purpose is to find the unknown variables by observing the angle of the line of sight. This is done by using some the fact that in a right angled triangle the ratio of … Read more Height and Distance
Environment Pollution: An Introduction
Environment Pollution is  defined as ‘an addition or excessive addition of certain materials to the physical environment (water, air and lands), making it less fit or unfit for life’. Pollutants are the materials or factors, which cause adverse effect on the natural quality of any component of the environment. Classifications According to the form in … Read more Environment Pollution: An Introduction
Polity of Jharkhand
Administrative system of Jharkhand Divisions and districts of Jharkhand Panchayati raj of Jharkhand Awards of Jharkhand Education, Educational Infrastructure and Educational Policy of Jharkhand Health ,health Infrastructure and health Policy of Jharkhand Famous personalities of Jharkhand Sports personalities and Infrastructure of Jharkhand State Executive : Powers and functions of Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of … Read more Polity of Jharkhand
Jharkhand: Influence of Arayans and British over Tribal Culture
The kingship system was resisted by the Adivasis. The Hos resisted the malgujari. and so too did the Santhals and the Mundas. This resistance became more prominent during the British rule in India which resulted in the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act, and the Wilkinson Rule. These rules and Acts recognised the … Read more Jharkhand: Influence of Arayans and British over Tribal Culture
Waste minimization
Waste minimization is an appropriate strategy to address the problems of industrial pollution. The objective of the scheme is to assist the small and medium scale industries in adoption of cleaner production processes. • A scheme on adoption of clean technology and promotion and establishment of waste minimization circles in small and medium scale industries … Read more Waste minimization
E-Waste
The rapid growth of technology, upgradation of technical innovations and a high rate of obsolescence in the electronics industry have led to one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world which consist of end of life electrical and electronic equipment products. It comprises a whole range of electrical and electronic items such as … Read more E-Waste
JPSC Mains Paper 3:SOCIAL SCIENCES (History and Geography) Notes
Detailed Notes for JPSC Mains Paper III Notes- Detailed topicwise Jharkhand Mains GK Notes for JPSC Mains Exam are provided for free browsing. Jharkhand (JPSC) Mains Notes are designed by JPSC Toppers and other civil servants. Detail Notes can be browsed at the following links. Section (A) – History: 100 Marks Section (B) – Geography: … Read more JPSC Mains Paper 3:SOCIAL SCIENCES (History and Geography) Notes
Earth’s Layers – Earth’s Composition
The Crust of Earth It is the outermost and the thinnest layer of the earth’s surface, about 8 to 40 km thick. The crust varies greatly in thickness and composition – as small as 5 km thick in some places beneath the oceans, while under some mountain ranges it extends up to 70 km … Read more Earth’s Layers – Earth’s Composition
General Studies- Paper 3 (Coaching Class Notes in Hindi)….????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????- ????? ???? ??????? (?????) ?? ????
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Ever Green Revolution and Rainbow revolution
Evergreen Revolution was a term coined by M.S. Swaminathan to indicate the development of  technologies that can help in increasing productivity in perpetuity without causing an associated ecological harm.He also stated that to achieve the goal of food security by ending hunger and to promote sustainable agriculture, it is important that in the field of social … Read more Ever Green Revolution and Rainbow revolution
Modern Period – Later Mughals
1707-12 Bahadur Shah I 1712-13 Jahandar Shah 1713-19 Farukk Siyar 1719-48 Muhammad Shah Rangila 1748-54 Ahmad Shah 1754-59 Alamgir II 1759-1806 Shah Alam II 1806-1837 Akbar Shah II 1837-57 Bahadur Shah II Later Mughal Rulers Bahadur Shah I After the death of Aurangzeb, prince Muazzam, Azam & Kam Bakhsh fought in … Read more Modern Period – Later Mughals
Simon Commission (1927),Civil Disobedience Movement,August Offerand CR Formula
Simon Commission (1927) Indian Statutory Commission chaired by Simon to go into the question of further constitutional reform All its seven members were Englishmen. Clement Attlee was one of the members. Lord Birkinhead was the secretary of state at that time At its Madras session in 1927 INC decided to boycott the commission “at every … Read more Simon Commission (1927),Civil Disobedience Movement,August Offerand CR Formula
JPSC Prelims Notes for Indian Constitution, Political System &Governance
(I)Preamble of the Indian Constitution (Secular, Democratic and SocialisO-Phtlosophy behind It (II) Salient features of the Indian Constitution. Concept of Public Interest Litigation; Basic structure of the Indian Constitution. (III)Fundamental Rights & Duties (i V) Directive Principles of the State Policy (V) Union Government : (a) Union Executive ; Powers and functions of President, Vice … Read more JPSC Prelims Notes for Indian Constitution, Political System &Governance
Direction test
  Introduction: There are four main directions – East, West, North and South as shown below: There are four cardinal directions – North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-East (S-E), and South-West (S-W) as shown below: Key points At the time of sunrise if a man stands facing the east, his shadow will be towards west. At the … Read more Direction test
Global Warming
An increase in the average temperature of Earth’s near surface air and oceans since the mid-20thcentury 4thassessment report of IPCC: global temperature increased 74+18 degree C during the 20thcentury. Caused by greenhouse gases Water vapour, Co2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone, CFCs (in order of abundance) Since the industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has increased … Read more Global Warming
Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. 2700- BC.1900 i.e. for 800 years. But early Indus Valley Civilization had existed even before … Read more Indus Valley Civilization
Mineral Resources of India:-Metallic Minerals
 Mineral  State  Mines/Districts Coal Jharkhand Jharia, Bokaro, Giridh, karanpura, Ramgarh, Daltonganj, Aurangabad, Hutar, Deogarh, Rajmahal Orissa Talcher, Rampur M.P (Former) Central Indian Coalfields -Singrauli, Sohagpur, Johilla, Umaria Satupura Coalfields – Pench, Kanhan, Pathkhera North Chhattisgarh – Chirmiri-Kaurasia, Bisrampur, Jhillmili, Sonhat, Lakhanpur, Sendurgarh, lakhanpur-Ramkola South Chhattisgarh-Hasdo-Arand, Korba, Mand-Raigarh West Bengal Raniganj, Darjeeling Andhra Pr. Singareni, Kothgundam, … Read more Mineral Resources of India:-Metallic Minerals
Emergency Provisions of the Constitution
An emergency is a situation demanding immediate action.The emergency provisions under Indian constitution can be traced back to the British rule in India, when by Act of parliament crown established its sovereignty over company’s territories in India in 1861 . The Governor General under the provisions exercised wide powers both legislative and executive. He was … Read more Emergency Provisions of the Constitution
Banking- Role of Commercial Banks, Issue of NPA, Financial Inclusion:-
Table of Content:- Role of Commercial Banks Issue of NPA Financial Inclusion A Commercial bank is a type of financial institution that provides services such as accepting deposits, making business loans, and offering basic investment products There is acute shortage of capital. People lack initiative and enterprise. Means of transport are undeveloped. Industry is depressed. The commercial … Read more Banking- Role of Commercial Banks, Issue of NPA, Financial Inclusion:-
Revolt of 1857: first war of indian independence
During the Governor-General Lord Canning May 11, 1857. The Meerut incident. Capture of Delhi. Proclaiming B S Jazar as the emperor. Almost half the Company’s sepoy strength of 232224 opted out of their loyalty to their regimental colours. Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal; Bareilly: Khan Bahadur; Jagdishpur (Ara): Kunwar Singh; Jhansi: Rani Lakshmi … Read more Revolt of 1857: first war of indian independence
Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
Lengthiest written Constitution: Originally our constitution contained 395 articles divided in 22 parts and 8 schedules. Constitution has been amended 98 times. Currently there are 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and 448 Articles. These figures show our constitution as the most comprehensive constitution in the world. (British have no written constitution and Constitution of USA had … Read more Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
Cultural Status Of Jharkhand
Oral tradition as a basis of customary practices The Adivasi customary practices evolve from the praxis of oral traditional. In other words, the culture defines the customary practices. It is reflected in what people give value to and what they value. The event is important rather than the time in which it took place. … Read more Cultural Status Of Jharkhand
Miscellaneous Facts:
1.The Marathas were Scindia (Gwalior), Holkar (Indore), Gaekwar (Baroda), Bhonsle (Nagpur). 2.Sawai Jai Singh of Amer (Jaipur) had Euclid’s ‘Elements of Geometry) & several works on Trigonometry were translated into Sanskrit. Banda Bairagi was baptised as Banda Singh Bahadur by Guru Gobind Singh. 3.Alfonso d’ Albuquerque came to India as the Portuguese … Read more Miscellaneous Facts:
Union Legislature : Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: 0rganisation and Functions
Parliament is the central institution through which the will of the people is expressed, laws are passed and government is held to account. It plays a vital role in a democracy, and endeavours to be truly representative, transparent, accessible, accountable and effective in its many functions. The Parliament has two Houses–Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. … Read more Union Legislature : Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: 0rganisation and Functions
Immunity and Vaccination
Immunity is disease resistance and is of following two types:- Natural or Innate Immunity:- It is present from birth and is inherited from birth by the offspring from the mother.In this form of immunity the response from the organism against the pathogen is immediate in the form of non-specific immune response without the need of recognizing the … Read more Immunity and Vaccination