Introduction
- Indian national movement: One of the biggest. Inspired many others.
- Gandhian Political Strategy very important.
- Elements of Gandhian Strategy can be seen in the Solidarity Movement in Poland by Lech Walesa
- Revolt of 1857
- TRIBAL UPRISINGS
- Peasant Uprisings
- Rise of Indian National Movement
- Indian National Congress
- Moderate phase:early nationalists,Freedom of Press and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Reasons for the growth of militant nationalism (this is different from revolutionary terrorism)
- Revolutionary Terrorism
- Partition of Bengal and The Swadeshi Movement
- The Split in the Congress: Surat 1907
- Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 and Growth of Communalism
- Muslim League and hindu communalism
- World War I and Gadar movement
- The Home Rule Movement
- Lucknow Pact (1916),Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Rowlatt Act
- Gandhi’s early career and activism
- Non Co-operation and Khilafat Movement
- Struggles for Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry
- The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism
- Simon Commission (1927),Civil Disobedience Movement,August Offer wavell plan and CR Formula
WHY IS THE INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT UNIQUE
- In the Indian national movement, the Gramscian perspective of war of position was successfully practiced.
- It provides the only historical example of a semi-democratic or democratic type of political structure being successfully replaced or transformed.
- State power was not seized in a moment of revolution, but through prolonged popular struggle on moral, political and ideological reserves.
- It is also an example of how the constitutional space offered by the existing structure could be used without getting coopted by it.
- Diverse perspectives and ideologies
WHY STUDY NATIONAL MOVEMENT?
- The path that India has followed since 1947 has deep roots in the struggle for independence.
OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE
- Values and modern ideals on which it was based
- Vision of the leaders: democratic, civil libertarian and secular India, based on a self-reliant, egalitarian social order and an independent foreign policy
- The movement popularized democratic ideas and institutions in India
- The strong civil libertarian and democratic tradition of the national movement was reflected in the constitution of independent India.
- Pro-poor orientation
- Secular
- A non-racist, anti-imperialist outlook which continues to characterize Indian foreign policy was the part of the legacy of the anti-imperialist struggle.
- India’s freedom struggle was basically the result of fundamental contradiction between the interests of the Indian people and that of British colonialism.
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