â??Atmanirbhar Bharatâ?? scheme focuses on which of the following? (A) Import substitution (B) Export industrialization (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

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Points to Remember:

  • Atmanirbhar Bharat: A self-reliant India initiative.
  • Import Substitution: Reducing reliance on imported goods.
  • Export Industrialization: Boosting domestic production for global markets.

Introduction:

The “Atmanirbhar Bharat” (Self-Reliant India) scheme, launched by the Indian government, aims to make India economically self-sufficient and globally competitive. While the precise definition and scope have been subject to debate, its core objective revolves around strengthening the domestic economy. This question asks us to determine whether the scheme primarily focuses on import substitution, export industrialization, or both. Understanding the nuances of these two economic strategies is crucial to answering this question accurately.

Body:

1. Import Substitution: This strategy involves replacing foreign goods and services with domestically produced ones. It often involves protectionist measures like tariffs and quotas to shield domestic industries from foreign competition. Atmanirbhar Bharat explicitly promotes this by emphasizing “Make in India” initiatives, encouraging domestic manufacturing, and reducing reliance on imports in critical sectors like pharmaceuticals, defense, and technology. This is evident in various government policies promoting local production and reducing import dependence.

2. Export Industrialization: This strategy focuses on increasing the production and export of goods and services to generate foreign exchange and boost economic growth. While Atmanirbhar Bharat prioritizes self-reliance, it doesn’t negate the importance of exports. A strong domestic industry is a prerequisite for successful export-led growth. The scheme aims to enhance the competitiveness of Indian industries globally, enabling them to participate more effectively in international markets. Government initiatives promoting ease of doing business and export incentives support this aspect.

3. The Interplay of Import Substitution and Export Industrialization: Atmanirbhar Bharat doesn’t represent a strict either/or choice between import substitution and export industrialization. Instead, it seeks a synergistic approach. By strengthening domestic industries through import substitution, India aims to create a robust base for export-oriented growth. A self-reliant economy is better positioned to compete internationally. The scheme aims to achieve both objectives concurrently.

Conclusion:

In summary, Atmanirbhar Bharat’s focus encompasses both import substitution and export industrialization. While the emphasis on self-reliance might initially suggest a primary focus on import substitution, the ultimate goal is to build a strong, globally competitive economy capable of both meeting domestic needs and participating effectively in the global market. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Both (A) and (B). The scheme’s success hinges on a balanced approach, fostering domestic production while simultaneously enhancing India’s export capabilities. This holistic strategy is crucial for achieving sustainable and inclusive economic growth, aligning with the broader goals of national development and constitutional values of social justice and economic equality.

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