Points to Remember:
- The Indian Constitution provides for mechanisms to resolve inter-state disputes and foster cooperation.
- The Inter-State Council is a crucial body for achieving this cooperation.
- Understanding the constitutional basis of the Inter-State Council is essential for comprehending its powers and functions.
Introduction:
The question pertains to the constitutional provision that empowers the President of India to establish an Inter-State Council. This requires a factual approach, focusing on identifying the correct Article of the Indian Constitution. The Inter-State Council is a crucial institution designed to address disputes and facilitate cooperation among states of the Indian Union. Its establishment reflects the federal nature of the Indian polity, aiming to balance the powers of the Union and the States.
Body:
The Constitutional Provision:
The correct answer is (B) Article 263. Article 263 of the Constitution of India explicitly empowers the President to establish an Inter-State Council. This article states: “The President may by order constitute an Inter-State Council to investigate and discuss subjects in which the States, or the Union and the States, have a common interest.” This clearly indicates the President’s role in the Council’s formation.
Functions of the Inter-State Council:
The Inter-State Council’s primary function is to investigate and discuss matters of common interest to the states or to the Union and the states. This includes a wide range of issues, such as:
- Resource allocation: Addressing disputes related to water sharing, river management, and other natural resources.
- Inter-state trade and commerce: Facilitating smooth flow of goods and services across state borders.
- Coordination of policies: Harmonizing policies on various matters like education, health, and infrastructure development.
- Conflict resolution: Providing a platform for resolving disputes between states amicably.
Other Relevant Articles:
While Article 263 is the key provision, other articles indirectly relate to inter-state relations and dispute resolution:
- Article 262: Deals with adjudication of water disputes. It provides for the establishment of tribunals for resolving such disputes.
- Article 264: Relates to the appointment of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, whose audits can have implications for inter-state financial matters.
- Article 256: Deals with the executive power of the State, which interacts with the Union’s executive power in matters of inter-state cooperation.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the President of India can establish an Inter-State Council under Article 263 of the Constitution. This article provides the constitutional basis for a crucial institution that promotes cooperation and resolves disputes among states. The Council plays a vital role in maintaining the federal balance and fostering national integration. Effective functioning of the Inter-State Council is crucial for ensuring smooth inter-state relations and achieving holistic national development. Regular review of the Council’s effectiveness and its mandate, along with proactive engagement by the states, are essential for its continued success in promoting cooperative federalism.
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