Points to Remember:
- The 12th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with Municipalities.
- The number of items in the 12th Schedule is a factual matter.
Introduction:
The Indian Constitution, a living document, has undergone several amendments since its adoption in 1950. One such amendment, the 74th Amendment Act of 1992, added the 12th Schedule to the Constitution. This schedule pertains to the organization of Municipalities and aims to strengthen local self-governance in urban areas. Understanding the number of items listed within this schedule is crucial for comprehending the scope of municipal powers and responsibilities under the Indian Constitution. The question asks for a factual answer regarding the number of items included in the 12th Schedule.
Body:
The Number of Items in the 12th Schedule:
The 12th Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 18 functions that are entrusted to Municipalities. These functions cover a wide range of urban governance aspects, aiming to improve the quality of life for urban citizens. The exact number of items is a matter of constitutional record and not subject to interpretation or opinion. Therefore, the correct answer is (B) 18.
Functions Included in the 12th Schedule (Illustrative):
While a detailed explanation of all 18 functions is beyond the scope of this concise answer, some examples include:
- Urban planning including town planning
- Regulation of land use and construction
- Water supply and sanitation
- Public health and sanitation
- Solid waste management
- Urban transport
- Fire services
- Public parks and recreational facilities
- Maintenance of essential services
Conclusion:
In summary, the 12th Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains 18 items outlining the functions of Municipalities. This schedule is a vital component of India’s constitutional framework for urban governance, aiming to empower local bodies and improve urban infrastructure and services. The correct answer to the question is (B) 18. The comprehensive nature of these functions reflects a commitment to holistic urban development and the well-being of urban citizens, aligning with the broader constitutional goal of ensuring a just and equitable society. Further strengthening the capacity and resources of Municipalities remains crucial for effective implementation of these functions and achieving sustainable urban development.
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