Keywords: Biotechnology, successful applications, Dolly sheep, Human Growth Hormone, Graphene sheet, Bt cotton.
Required Approach: Factual and Analytical
Points to Remember:
- Define biotechnology and its applications.
- Analyze each option provided to determine if it represents a successful application of biotechnology.
- Identify the option that is NOT a successful application of biotechnology.
Introduction:
Biotechnology involves the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or “technology based on biology.” It encompasses a wide range of applications, from medicine and agriculture to environmental remediation. Successful applications are characterized by their positive impact on human health, the environment, or the economy, while minimizing negative consequences. This question requires us to analyze four examples and determine which does not fit this criterion of success.
Body:
A. Dolly the Sheep: Dolly, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, represents a landmark achievement in biotechnology. The success of Dolly demonstrated the potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for cloning animals, opening avenues for research in regenerative medicine and livestock improvement. While ethical concerns remain regarding cloning, its scientific success is undeniable.
B. Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rHGH), produced through biotechnology, is a significant therapeutic advancement. It effectively treats growth hormone deficiency in children and adults, improving their quality of life and overall health. The successful development and widespread use of rHGH exemplify the positive impact of biotechnology in medicine.
C. Graphene Sheet: Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is a material with exceptional properties. While its production and manipulation involve advanced materials science and engineering techniques, it is not directly derived from biological systems or processes in the way that the other options are. Therefore, graphene sheet production is not a direct application of biotechnology. It falls under the broader umbrella of nanotechnology.
D. Bt Cotton: Bt cotton, genetically modified to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, is a successful example of biotechnology in agriculture. It reduces the need for chemical pesticides, leading to increased crop yields and reduced environmental impact. While debates exist regarding the long-term ecological effects and potential for herbicide resistance, its success in pest control is widely acknowledged.
Conclusion:
In summary, Dolly the sheep, Human Growth Hormone, and Bt cotton all represent successful applications of biotechnology, demonstrating significant advancements in their respective fields. However, the production of graphene sheets, while a technological marvel, does not directly utilize biological systems or organisms and therefore does not fall under the definition of biotechnology. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Graphene sheet. Moving forward, responsible development and ethical considerations should guide the application of biotechnology, ensuring its benefits are maximized while potential risks are minimized. This holistic approach will ensure that biotechnology continues to contribute to sustainable development and human well-being.
JPSC Notes brings Prelims and Mains programs for JPSC Prelims and JPSC Mains Exam preparation. Various Programs initiated by JPSC Notes are as follows:-- JPSC Mains Tests and Notes Program 2025
- JPSC Prelims Exam 2020- Test Series and Notes Program 2025
- JPSC Prelims and Mains Tests Series and Notes Program 2025
- JPSC Detailed Complete Prelims Notes 2025