Choose the correct statement(s) related to the Green Revolution.(i) Increasing agricultural production by incorporating modern tools and techniques(ii) New high-yielding varieties of wheat were developed by Prof. Norman Borlaug and were adopted by a number of countries (A) Only (i) (B) Only (ii) (C) Both (i) and (ii) (D) Neither (i) nor (ii)

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Points to Remember:

  • The Green Revolution’s core components: increased agricultural production, high-yielding varieties (HYVs), and modern agricultural techniques.
  • Key figure: Norman Borlaug’s contribution to developing HYVs of wheat.
  • Impact of the Green Revolution: both positive and negative consequences.

Introduction:

The Green Revolution, spanning roughly from the 1940s to the 1970s, was a period of intensive agricultural development aimed at increasing food production globally. It involved the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops, improved irrigation techniques, fertilizers, and pesticides. The revolution significantly impacted global food security, but its effects were not uniformly positive. This question requires a factual approach to determine the accuracy of statements regarding the Green Revolution.

Body:

Statement (i): Increasing agricultural production by incorporating modern tools and techniques.

This statement is factually correct. The Green Revolution was fundamentally about boosting agricultural output. This was achieved through the adoption of modern tools and techniques including:

  • High-yielding varieties (HYVs): These seeds produced significantly more grain per plant than traditional varieties.
  • Improved irrigation: Efficient irrigation systems ensured adequate water supply for crops.
  • Fertilizers: The use of chemical fertilizers significantly increased soil nutrient levels, boosting crop yields.
  • Pesticides: Pesticides controlled pests and diseases, protecting crops and maximizing yields.
  • Mechanization: Tractors and other machinery increased efficiency in land preparation, planting, and harvesting.

Statement (ii): New high-yielding varieties of wheat were developed by Prof. Norman Borlaug and were adopted by a number of countries.

This statement is also factually correct. Norman Borlaug, a renowned agricultural scientist, played a pivotal role in developing semi-dwarf, high-yielding varieties of wheat. His work, particularly in Mexico, led to a significant increase in wheat production, and these varieties were subsequently adopted by many countries, particularly in Asia and South America. His contributions earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.

Analysis:

Both statements (i) and (ii) accurately reflect key aspects of the Green Revolution. Statement (i) highlights the overall goal and methods, while statement (ii) points to a specific achievement and its widespread adoption. Therefore, both statements are true.

Conclusion:

In summary, both statements (i) and (ii) are correct. The Green Revolution successfully increased agricultural production through the adoption of modern tools and techniques, with the development of high-yielding wheat varieties by Norman Borlaug being a crucial element. While the Green Revolution significantly improved food security for a growing global population, it’s important to acknowledge its limitations, including environmental concerns related to pesticide and fertilizer use, and the unequal distribution of benefits. Moving forward, sustainable agricultural practices that balance food production with environmental protection and social equity are crucial for ensuring long-term food security and holistic development. The Green Revolution serves as a valuable lesson in the potential and pitfalls of large-scale agricultural interventions. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Both (i) and (ii).

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