Which Article of the Constitution of India provides that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India? (A) Article 140 (B) Article 141 (C) Article 143 (D) Article 146

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Points to Remember:

  • The question tests knowledge of the Indian Constitution, specifically concerning the Supreme Court’s judicial authority.
  • The correct answer will be the Article that explicitly states the binding nature of Supreme Court judgments.
  • Understanding the concept of stare decisis (precedent) is crucial.

Introduction:

The Constitution of India establishes a hierarchical judicial system with the Supreme Court at its apex. The Supreme Court’s role extends beyond adjudicating disputes; it also plays a vital role in shaping the legal landscape of the nation. Its pronouncements on law have far-reaching consequences, impacting the interpretation and application of laws across all courts within India. This question focuses on identifying the specific Article that codifies the binding nature of Supreme Court judgments.

Body:

The Binding Nature of Supreme Court Judgments:

Article 141 of the Constitution of India explicitly states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India. This principle is fundamental to the functioning of a unified and consistent legal system. It ensures uniformity in the application of law across the country, preventing conflicting interpretations and promoting legal certainty. This principle is closely related to the common law doctrine of stare decisis, which emphasizes the importance of following precedents set by higher courts.

Other Relevant Articles:

While Article 141 is the key article addressing the binding nature of Supreme Court judgments, other articles contribute to the Supreme Court’s overall authority. For instance:

  • Article 143: This article allows the President to consult the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact. While not directly related to the binding nature of judgments, it highlights the Supreme Court’s advisory role to the executive.
  • Article 140: This article deals with the establishment of a High Court for each state.
  • Article 146: This article deals with the appointment of officers and servants of the Supreme Court.

Analysis of Options:

(A) Article 140 is incorrect as it relates to the establishment of High Courts.
(B) Article 141 is the correct answer, explicitly stating the binding nature of Supreme Court judgments.
(C) Article 143 is incorrect as it deals with the President’s power to consult the Supreme Court.
(D) Article 146 is incorrect as it pertains to the appointment of Supreme Court staff.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Article 141 of the Indian Constitution unequivocally establishes the binding nature of the law declared by the Supreme Court on all courts within India. This principle is crucial for maintaining a consistent and predictable legal system, promoting justice, and upholding the rule of law. The Supreme Court’s role as the final arbiter of legal disputes is reinforced by this provision, ensuring uniformity in the interpretation and application of laws across the country. This contributes significantly to the holistic development of a just and equitable society, firmly grounded in constitutional values. Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Article 141.

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