Points to Remember:
- The Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature.
- The Parliament’s composition includes two houses and the President.
- The President is an integral part of the Parliament, but not a member of either house.
Introduction:
The Indian Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the Indian Union. It’s a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Understanding the precise composition of the Parliament is crucial for comprehending the functioning of India’s democratic system. The question asks us to identify the correct composition from the given options, requiring a factual approach.
Body:
Understanding the Components:
- Lok Sabha: The lower house, directly elected by the people, represents the will of the electorate. Its size is capped at 552 members (530 representing states, 20 representing Union Territories, and 2 nominated to represent the Anglo-Indian community).
- Rajya Sabha: The upper house, indirectly elected by state legislatures, represents the states and Union Territories. It has a maximum strength of 250 members, with 12 nominated by the President for their expertise in various fields.
- President: The President of India is a crucial part of the Parliament. While not a member of either house, the President summons, prorogues, and dissolves the Lok Sabha. All bills passed by Parliament must receive the President’s assent to become law. The President also addresses both houses at the commencement of each session.
Analyzing the Options:
(A) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: This option is partially correct as it identifies the two houses of Parliament, but it omits the President, a crucial component.
(B) Lok Sabha + Speaker of Lok Sabha and Chairperson of Rajya Sabha: This option includes the presiding officers of both houses, but it still omits the President and thus is incomplete. The Speaker and Chairperson are members of their respective houses and preside over their proceedings, but they are not part of the overall composition of the Parliament itself.
(C) President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha: This option correctly identifies all the essential components of the Indian Parliament.
(D) President + Vice-President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha: While the Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, including the Vice-President is redundant. The Vice-President’s role is primarily within the Rajya Sabha. The core composition remains the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha.
Conclusion:
The correct composition of the Indian Parliament is (C) President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha. While the Speaker and Chairperson are important functionaries, and the Vice-President holds a significant position in the Rajya Sabha, they are not part of the fundamental composition of the Parliament. The President’s role in summoning, proroguing, and dissolving the Lok Sabha, and in assenting to bills, makes the President an integral part of the Parliament. A well-functioning Parliament, encompassing all these elements, is crucial for a vibrant democracy, ensuring accountability, representation, and the smooth passage of legislation for the nation’s holistic development and adherence to constitutional values.
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