Jharkhand, aptly named "the land of forests," is a state rich in biodiversity. Its varied terrain, encompassing hills, plateaus, and forests, provides a habitat for a wide array of flora and fauna. This article delves into the unique biodiversity of Jharkhand, exploring its key features, threats, and conservation efforts.
Flora
Jharkhand's forests are a mix of tropical dry deciduous and moist deciduous types. Sal is the dominant tree species, but other important trees include Mahua, Bamboo, and Palash. The state is also home to a variety of medicinal plants, used by local communities for traditional healing practices.
Fauna
Jharkhand boasts a diverse range of animal life. Some of the notable species include:
Mammals: Elephants, tigers, leopards, sloth bears, deer, and wild boars.
Birds: Over 200 species of birds, including peafowl, hornbills, and migratory birds.
Reptiles: Cobras, kraits, pythons, and various lizards.
Key Biodiversity Areas
Several areas in Jharkhand are particularly rich in biodiversity:
Palamau Tiger Reserve: Home to tigers, elephants, and a variety of other wildlife.
Betla National Park: Known for its diverse birdlife and Sal forests.
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary: Habitat for elephants and other mammals.
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary: Houses a variety of deer species.
Threats to Biodiversity
Despite its rich biodiversity, Jharkhand faces several threats:
Deforestation: Due to agricultural expansion, mining, and illegal logging.
Habitat Loss: Leading to fragmentation and isolation of wildlife populations.
Poaching: Threatening the survival of endangered species like tigers and elephants.
Climate Change: Affecting the distribution and behavior of various species.
Conservation Efforts
The Jharkhand government, along with various NGOs and local communities, is actively involved in conservation efforts:
Protected Areas: Establishing and managing national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Community-Based Conservation: Involving local communities in conservation efforts.
Afforestation Programs: Planting trees to restore degraded forests.
Awareness Campaigns: Educating people about the importance of biodiversity conservation.
The Role of the Jharkhand Biodiversity Board
The Jharkhand Biodiversity Board (JBB) plays a crucial role in conserving the state's biodiversity. Its main functions include:
Identifying and documenting biodiversity: Conducting surveys and creating databases.
Promoting sustainable use of biodiversity: Encouraging eco-tourism and traditional practices.
Protecting traditional knowledge: Documenting and preserving indigenous knowledge about biodiversity.
Implementing the Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Ensuring compliance with the Act's provisions.
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