JPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-4

Points to Remember: E-governance’s definition and scope in India. Its impact on transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Challenges faced in its implementation. Success stories and best practices. Future prospects and policy recommendations. Introduction: E-governance, the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to government functions, has emerged as a crucial element of good governance in India. … Read more Discuss the role of e-Governance in India. How has it become an essential component of Good Governance?

Points to Remember: The impact of the Right to Information (RTI) Act and Social Audit on good governance. Both positive and negative aspects of their implementation. Evidence-based arguments supported by examples and case studies. Policy recommendations for improvement. Introduction: Good governance is characterized by transparency, accountability, participation, and responsiveness. The Right to Information (RTI) Act … Read more Do you agree that the Right to Information (RTI) Act and Social Audit have led to Good Governance? Discuss critically.

Keywords: Emergency provisions, Constitution, Political parties, Pressure groups. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion in the policy recommendations section. Points to Remember: Key articles related to emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution. Types and implications of different types of emergencies. Role of political parties in a democracy. Functions and influence … Read more Write notes on the following: (A) Emergency provisions of the Constitution (B) Political parties and pressure groups

Points to Remember: Development administration focuses on achieving development goals through administrative actions. Administrative development focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative system itself. Both are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Introduction: The terms “Development Administration” and “Administrative Development” are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion. However, they represent distinct, albeit interconnected, concepts … Read more Distinguish between Development Administration and Administrative Development.

Points to Remember: Bureaucracy’s influence on policy creation, implementation, and modification. The District Collector’s multifaceted responsibilities in district governance. Challenges and reforms needed in both bureaucratic processes and district administration. Introduction: This response examines the roles of bureaucracy in policy formulation and the District Collector in district administration. Bureaucracy, a system of government in which … Read more Write notes on the following: (A) Role of Bureaucracy in policy formulation (B) Role of District Collector in District Administration

Points to Remember: Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution Mechanisms for enforcement of Fundamental Rights Challenges in implementation Role of Judiciary, Legislature, and Executive Suggestions for improvement Introduction: The Indian Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights to its citizens: Right to Equality (Article 14-18), Right to Freedom (Article 19-22), Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24), Right to … Read more Write a critical note on the implementation of Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens.

Points to Remember: Definition and core principles of the doctrine of separation of powers. The three branches of government: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Checks and balances within the Indian system. Limitations and challenges to the doctrine’s application in India. Importance of upholding the separation of powers for a healthy democracy. Introduction: The doctrine of separation … Read more What do you understand by the doctrine of separation of powers? Explain its relevance in the Indian political system.

Points to Remember: Increased voter participation Reduced electoral malpractices Enhanced transparency and accountability Improved representation of marginalized groups Strengthening of institutions Introduction: Indian democracy, the world’s largest, relies heavily on the integrity and effectiveness of its electoral system. Since independence, numerous electoral reforms have been implemented to strengthen this system, aiming to ensure free, fair, … Read more How have electoral reforms strengthened Indian democracy? Explain in detail.

Points to Remember: Rajya Sabha composition Presidential nomination powers Criteria for nomination to Rajya Sabha Introduction: The Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. Unlike the Lok Sabha (House of the People), which is directly elected by the people, the Rajya Sabha has a unique composition. A significant … Read more The President nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha based on (A) Their performance as office bearers of cultural societies (B) The recommendations made by the Vice President (C) Their role played in the political setup of the country (D) Their distinction in the fields of science, art, literature, and social service

Points to Remember: The role and responsibilities of a Minister of State in the Indian Central Government. The distinction between a Minister of State and a Cabinet Minister. The appointment process of a Minister of State. Introduction: The Indian political system operates under a parliamentary form of government. The Council of Ministers, headed by the … Read more What is the position of a Minister of State in the Central Government? (A) He is a Minister of the Central Government but not a member of the Cabinet (B) He looks after the interests of the State Cabinet (C) He is the nominee of the State Governor (D) He is the nominee of the State Cabinet

Points to Remember: The question focuses on identifying the specific Government of India Act that granted the President the power to issue ordinances. The approach required is factual, relying on knowledge of Indian constitutional history and the relevant Acts. Introduction: The power of the President of India to issue ordinances is a crucial aspect of … Read more Which Act during British India gave the power to the President to issue ordinances? (A) Government of India Act, 1909 (B) Government of India Act, 1919 (C) Government of India Act, 1935 (D) Government of India Act, 1947

Points to Remember: The Indian Constitution’s structure is influenced by various historical acts. The single integrated judicial system is a crucial feature of India’s constitutional framework. Identifying the source of this feature requires understanding the evolution of India’s judicial system. Introduction: The question asks about the origin of India’s single integrated judicial system within the … Read more From where is the single system of courts adopted in the Constitution of India? (A) Government of India Act, 1935 (B) Government of India Act, 1919 (C) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (D) Government of India Act, 1858

Points to Remember: The composition of the Supreme Court of India is a matter of constitutional importance. The power to alter the number of judges rests with the legislative branch of the government. The Chief Justice of India, President, and Law Commission do not possess this authority. Introduction: The Supreme Court of India is the … Read more Who is authorized to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court of India? (A) Chief Justice of India (B) Parliament (C) President (D) The Law Commission

Points to Remember: The composition and appointment of State Administrative Tribunals (SATs) in India. The roles of the President, Parliament, Governor, and Prime Minister in the Indian governmental structure. Understanding the constitutional framework governing the appointment of key officials. Introduction: State Administrative Tribunals (SATs) are quasi-judicial bodies established under Article 323A of the Indian Constitution. … Read more Which of the following appoints the Chairman and Members of the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs)? (A) Parliament (B) President (C) Governor (D) Prime Minister

Points to Remember: The Indian Constitution outlines the structure and functioning of All-India Services, Central Services, and State Services. Specific articles deal with the recruitment, control, and powers related to these services. Understanding these articles is crucial for comprehending the administrative framework of India. Introduction: The Indian Constitution meticulously details the structure and functioning of … Read more Which Articles of the Constitution contain provisions with regard to All-India Services, Central Services, and State Services? (A) Articles 308 to 314 (B) Articles 315 to 318 (C) Articles 320 to 325 (D) Articles 357 to 378

Points to Remember: Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. The concept of “Necessary Evil” in constitutional interpretation. Specific Fundamental Rights and their potential limitations. Introduction: The Indian Constitution guarantees several Fundamental Rights under Part III, aiming to secure the liberty and dignity of its citizens. However, the exercise of these rights isn’t absolute. Certain limitations … Read more Which of the following fundamental rights is also known to have incorporated a â??Necessary Evilâ?? of the Constitution of India? (A) Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. (B) Protection in respect of conviction for offenses (C) Protection of life and personal liberty (D) Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Points to Remember: The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is a concise statement of its fundamental principles and objectives. It draws inspiration from various sources, reflecting the historical context of India’s independence. Identifying the primary source requires understanding the evolution of India’s constitutional thought. Introduction: The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is not merely a … Read more The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is based on which of the following documents/laws? (A) Nehru Report (B) Objectives Resolution (C) Government of India Act, 1935 (D) Indian Independence Act, 1947

Points to Remember: The Indian Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950. Certain provisions of the Constitution came into force earlier, on November 26, 1949. We need to identify which provisions did not come into force on November 26, 1949. Introduction: The Indian Constitution, the longest written constitution in the world, was adopted by … Read more Which of the following provisions of the Constitution did not come into force on November 26, 1949? (A) Provisions relating to citizenship (B) Provisions relating to elections (C) Fundamental Rights (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: The Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with anti-defection. It was added through a Constitutional Amendment. The amendment aimed to curb political defections and maintain stability in the government. Introduction: The Indian Constitution, a living document, has undergone several amendments since its adoption in 1950. One significant amendment introduced the Tenth … Read more By which Constitutional Amendment was the Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law) incorporated into the Constitution of India? (A) 24th Amendment (B) 42nd Amendment (C) 52nd Amendment (D) 73rd Amendment

Points to Remember: The question asks for the number of times a financial emergency has been declared in India. The answer requires factual knowledge about India’s financial history. Introduction: India, as a sovereign nation, has a robust financial system. However, like any nation, it has faced periods of economic stress. A financial emergency, unlike a … Read more How many times has a financial emergency been declared in India so far? (A) Never (B) Once (C) Twice (D) Four times

Points to Remember: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act of India. Its subject matter. Options related to citizenship, anti-defection, social welfare, and secularism. Introduction: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2003, is a significant piece of legislation in India. Understanding its core subject matter requires examining its provisions and comparing them to the options provided. … Read more The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act of the Constitution of India is related to which of the following subjects? (A) Citizenship (B) Anti-Defection (C) Social Welfare (D) Secularism

Points to Remember: The question tests knowledge of the Indian Constitution, specifically concerning the Supreme Court’s judicial authority. The correct answer will be the Article that explicitly states the binding nature of Supreme Court judgments. Understanding the concept of stare decisis (precedent) is crucial. Introduction: The Constitution of India establishes a hierarchical judicial system with … Read more Which Article of the Constitution of India provides that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India? (A) Article 140 (B) Article 141 (C) Article 143 (D) Article 146

Points to Remember: Exclusive jurisdiction of the Lok Sabha refers to the bills that only the Lok Sabha can introduce and amend. The Rajya Sabha’s role is limited in such cases. Understanding the differences between Money Bills, Finance Bills, and Constitution Amendment Bills is crucial. Introduction: The Indian Constitution outlines a bicameral legislature comprising the … Read more Which Bill comes under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Lok Sabha? (A) Money Bill (B) Finance Bill (C) Constitution Amendment Bill (D) None of these

Points to Remember: India’s legislative structure at the state level. Definition of a bicameral legislature. Identification of states with unicameral legislatures. Introduction: India operates under a federal system, with power divided between the central government and state governments. Most states in India have a bicameral legislature, meaning they have two houses: a Legislative Assembly (Vidhan … Read more Which state among the following does not have a bicameral legislature? (A) Andhra Pradesh (B) Uttar Pradesh (C) Odisha (D) Maharashtra

Points to Remember: The Indian Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights to its citizens. Article 32 is crucial for the enforcement of these Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court plays a vital role in upholding Article 32. Introduction: The question pertains to the location of the “Right to Constitutional Remedies” within the Indian Constitution. This right is a … Read more â??Right to Constitutional Remediesâ?? is provided in which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India? (A) Article 30 (B) Article 31 (C) Article 32 (D) Article 33

Points to Remember: The Indian Constitution outlines the qualifications for the President’s election. Specific Articles detail eligibility criteria. Understanding these Articles is crucial for comprehending the Presidential election process. Introduction: The President of India is the head of state and the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The Constitution of India meticulously lays down … Read more Under which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India are the qualifications for election as President provided? (A) Article 56 (B) Article 57 (C) Article 58 (D) Article 59

Points to Remember: The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. Its establishment was a gradual process, evolving through several significant Acts. Understanding the historical context of each Act is crucial to identifying the correct answer. Introduction: The Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, is one of the two houses of the … Read more Which Act established the Rajya Sabha? (A) Indian Council Act, 1909 (B) Government of India Act, 1919 (C) Government of India Act, 1935 (D) Indian Independence Act, 1947

Points to Remember: The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, significantly altered the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. The amendment added key words reflecting the socio-political changes and aspirations of the nation. Understanding the original Preamble and the changes introduced is crucial. Introduction: The Preamble to the Constitution of India serves as a concise introduction, outlining … Read more Which of the following were inserted in the â??Preambleâ?? of the Constitution of India, through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act? (A) Sovereign, Democratic, Republic (B) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular (C) Sovereign, Socialist, Democratic (D) Sovereign, Secular, Republic