Jharkhand Mains

Union Administration : Central Secretariat,Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister’s Office

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Cabinet Secretariat The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961, facilitating smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments of the Government by ensuring adherence to these rules. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by … Read more Union Administration : Central Secretariat,Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister’s Office

National Health Policy : national programmes for prevention and control of Malaria, Leprosy,T.B., Cancer, Aids, Blindness etc

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The primary aim of the National Health Policy, 2017, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of the Government in shaping health systems in all its dimensions- investments in health, organization of healthcare services, prevention of diseases and promotion of good health through cross sectoral actions, access to technologies, developing human resources, encouraging … Read more National Health Policy : national programmes for prevention and control of Malaria, Leprosy,T.B., Cancer, Aids, Blindness etc

Decentralized Planning : Meaning and importance; and decentralised planning; major initiatives in India

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Decentralized Planning is a type of planning where local organisations and institutions formulate, adopt, execute actions and supervise the plan without interference by the central body. Decentralized planning in the State operated mainly through the following institutions and instruments; Grama Sabha (GS): People’s participation in decentralization was sought to be ensured mainly through meetings of … Read more Decentralized Planning : Meaning and importance; and decentralised planning; major initiatives in India

Medallion Inheritance – Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross

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MENDELIAN INHERITENCE Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the laws originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866 and re-discovered in 1900. These laws were initially very controversial. When Mendel’s theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core … Read more Medallion Inheritance – Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross

Public and Private Administration

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The public and Private administration:-Public administration is different from private administration in three important aspects, the first is the political character, secondly the breadth of scope, impact and consideration and public accountability. These differences seem very fundamental and very valid in the Iight of our own exploration of the subject in previous articles. Following principles … Read more Public and Private Administration

Paper V- INDIAN ECONOMY, GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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  Group (A) – Basic Features of Indian Economy (I) National Income ; Elementary concepts of national Income and methods of its calculation e-g,GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP, CSDP. NSDP, DDP at constant and current prices, at factor cost etc; (II) Inflation : Concept control of inflation : monetary, fiscal and direct measures. (III)Demographic features : … Read more Paper V- INDIAN ECONOMY, GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Meaning and Measurement of Economic Development

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Economic Growth Economic growth means an increase in real GDP. This increase in real GDP means there is an increase in the value of national output / national expenditure. Economic growth is an important macro-economic objective because it enables increased living standards and helps create new jobs. Measurement of Economic Growth Economic growth is measured … Read more Meaning and Measurement of Economic Development

Mughal Empire

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Mughal Empire (1526 A.D.-1857 A.D.) Babur- His actual name was Zahiruddin Mohammed, son of Omar Sheikh Mirza, the king of Ferghana in Afghanistan. His ambition was to conquer Samarkand, the seat of Timur. In 1527 A.D., Babur defeated ranasanga in the battle of Kanwa. In the battle of Chanderi (1528 A.D.), Babur defeated Mediniroy. In … Read more Mughal Empire

Sadan Of Jharkhand

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Sadani / Sadri is a lingua franca used for inter-tribal group communication in eastern-central India. The term “Sadani” can be used in two senses. In the first, more general meaning, “Sadani” refers to the closely related linguistic varieties in Jharkhand, including forms such as Panch Parganiya, Khortha and Kurmali, which are generally considered independent languages. … Read more Sadan Of Jharkhand

State Administration : State Secretariat, Chief Secretary. Chief Minister’s Office.

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The state secretarial consists of departments of state government which are headed politically by the ministers and administratively by the secretaries. The chief secretary Is the head of the entire state secretariat while a secretary is a head of one or two departments. Functions of State Secretariat: ? the secretariat of the state determines the … Read more State Administration : State Secretariat, Chief Secretary. Chief Minister’s Office.

Governmental policies for food and nutritional security

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According to the 1996 World Food Summit, food security exists “when every person has physical and economic access at all times to healthy and nutritious food in sufficient quantity to cover the needs of their daily ration and food preferences, in order to live a healthy and active life.”   The nutritional dimension is an integral … Read more Governmental policies for food and nutritional security

National Human Rights Commission

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Human Rights Commission Establishment of Human Right Commission The National Human Rights Commission is a statutory (and not a constitutional) body. It was established in 1993 under a legislation enacted by the Parliament, namely, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. This Act was amended in 2006. The commission is the watchdog of human rights … Read more National Human Rights Commission

Biodiversity: concept, hotspots, threats to biodiversity

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Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Basically biodiversity is the total number of genes, species and ecosystems of a region. It includes … Read more Biodiversity: concept, hotspots, threats to biodiversity

The Mauryas : Extent of empire, Kalinga War and its Impact; Asoka’s Dhamma, Foreign Policy, Development of Art & Architecture during the Mauryan period

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  Foundation of the Mauryan Empire: The foundation of the Maurya Empire in 321 B.C. by Chandragupta Maurya was a unique event in history. Particularly in view of the fact that it was found shortly after Alexander’s victorious campaigns in North-West India during 327 B.C. – 325 B.C. There is no unanimity with regard to … Read more The Mauryas : Extent of empire, Kalinga War and its Impact; Asoka’s Dhamma, Foreign Policy, Development of Art & Architecture during the Mauryan period

Tropical and temperate cyclones

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    The atmospheric disturbances which involve a closed circulation about a low pressure centre, anticlockwise in the northern atmosphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere are called cyclones. They fall into the following two broad categories: (a) Extra-tropical or Temperate and (b) tropical cyclones. (a) Temperate Cyclones Temperate cyclones are formed along a front … Read more Tropical and temperate cyclones

Agricultural sector reforms and its impact on growth; issues of subsidies and public investment on agriculture, reforms and agrarian crisis

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Indian Agriculture is the Mainstay of Indian Economy.Since independence, undergone a change from being the sector contributing the highest share to the GDP to one contributing the lowest share.Agriculture is a state subject. GDP contribution (Agriculture and allied sector) 5 pc in 1950-51 7 pc in 2008-09 and 14.6 pc in 2009-10. It was 19 pc … Read more Agricultural sector reforms and its impact on growth; issues of subsidies and public investment on agriculture, reforms and agrarian crisis

Indian monsoon, mechanism, onset and retreat

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  The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season.Monsoons refer to a system of winds in the tropical regions under which the direction of winds is reversed completely between the summer and the winter seasons. Under this system, the winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land … Read more Indian monsoon, mechanism, onset and retreat

Solar system, relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets, movement of earth and moon in solar system, lunar and solar eclipses

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The solar system consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two “centers” of the Solar system and the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits. The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It … Read more Solar system, relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets, movement of earth and moon in solar system, lunar and solar eclipses

Global Environmental Issues: Climate change

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Climate Change It is the long term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time Though it has been happening naturally for millions of years, in recent years it has accelerated due to anthropogenic causes and has been causing global warming. UNFCCC defines climate change as – “a change of climate … Read more Global Environmental Issues: Climate change

Economic, social and environmental sustainability; concept of Green GDP; Strategy and policy for sustainable development in India

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Economic, social and environmental sustainability The United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a universal and transformative development strategy. The 2030 Agenda commits the global community to “achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions—economic, social and environmental—in a balanced and integrated manner”. Bruntland Report … Read more Economic, social and environmental sustainability; concept of Green GDP; Strategy and policy for sustainable development in India

Natural Resources of India

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  What are natural resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some examples of natural … Read more Natural Resources of India

Delegation, Centralization and decentrailzation of authority

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Delegation The active process of entrustment of a part of work or responsibility and authority to another and the creation of accountability for performance is known as delegation. Thus, there are three elements of delegation as follows- Assignment of Responsibility: This is also known as entrustment of duties. Duties can be divided into two parts: … Read more Delegation, Centralization and decentrailzation of authority

Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members

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Parliamentary privilege  is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties. The Presiding Officer i.e. Speaker in case of Lok Sabha and Chairman in case of Rajya Sabha, is the custodian … Read more Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members

Diversity of organism

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  Each organism is different from other organisms. The total number of species living on the planet is imprecisely known and published estimates vary from 12 million to over 100 million. This is because there are large numbers of species yet undiscovered and undescribed, and there is not always agreement on whether certain organisms should … Read more Diversity of organism

Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.

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  Based on the value addition and tangibility broadly we can have three types of industries – primary industries,secondary industries and tertiary industries. Primary industries are usually very simple industries involving processing of raw materials to give input goods for secondary industries. Here value addition is usually minimal and they are usually material oriented.Scale of … Read more Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.

Use of Biotechnology in agriculture, animal breeding, pharmaceuticals, food technology, and environmental conservation

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Biotechnology and its Applications Biotechnology is defined as the industrial application of living organisms and their biological processes such as biochemistry, microbiology, and genetic engineering, in order to make best use of the microorganisms for the benefit of mankind. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental … Read more Use of Biotechnology in agriculture, animal breeding, pharmaceuticals, food technology, and environmental conservation

ENZYMES

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ENZYMES Enzyme, a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes. Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place … Read more ENZYMES

Formation of Linguistic States:–

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Formation of Linguistic States:– India is a land of many languages, each with its distinct script, grammar, vocabulary and literary tradition. In 1917, the Congress Party had committed itself to the creation of linguistic provinces in a Free India. After Congress’s Nagpur Session in 1920, the principle was extended and formalized with the creation of … Read more Formation of Linguistic States:–

Role of Public Sector enterprises in India’s industrialization in post reforms period; Disinvestment and Privatisation of Pubiic Enterprises

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Public sector has played an important role in achieving industrial self reliance. Iron and steel, railway equipment, petroleum, coal and fertilizer industries, have been developed in this sector. These industries were established in industrially backward regions. During the seventh five year plan an emphasis was laid on high technology, high value addition and knowledge based … Read more Role of Public Sector enterprises in India’s industrialization in post reforms period; Disinvestment and Privatisation of Pubiic Enterprises

The partition of India and its consequences

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Direct Action Day (1946) Direct Action Day hartal called by the Muslim League on August 16, 1946 to get rid of ‘British slavery and contemplated future caste-Hindu domination’. The  backdrop of the Direct Action Day was not only the Muslim League’s acceptance of the cabinet mission plan, but also the loss of face it had … Read more The partition of India and its consequences

Major types of Soils.(ICAR classification) and their distribution. Soil degradation and conservation

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  Soil is defined as upper layer of the earth composed of loose surface material. It is a mixture of many substances including endless variety of minerals, remnants of plants and animals, water and air. It is the end product of continuing interaction between the parent material, local climate, plant and animal organisms and elevation … Read more Major types of Soils.(ICAR classification) and their distribution. Soil degradation and conservation

Liberation War of Bangladesh

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  The Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 was the culmination of a 25-year tumultuous relationship between East and West Pakistan. The British failed to keep a united India as riots started between the Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims in 1946. The riots were so widespread that on August 14, 1947 India was portioned into two … Read more Liberation War of Bangladesh

National Population Policy

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India was the first nation to launched a family planning programme in 1952. Though the birth rate started decreasing, it was accompanied by a sharp decrease in death rate, leading to an overall increase in population.The early concept of population policy covered both mortality and fertility and did not exclusively focus on fertility. There was … Read more National Population Policy

Forest Conservation Act

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In order to check rapid deforestation due to forestlands being released by state governments for agriculture, industry and other development projects (allowed under the Indian Forest Act) the federal government enacted the Forest Conservation Act in 1980 with an amendment in 1988. The Act made the prior approval of the federal government necessary for de-reservation … Read more Forest Conservation Act

Pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs.

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Agricultural prices cover prices of agricultural products (output prices) and prices of requisites for agricultural production (input prices) at various stages of marketing. The structure of Indian agricultural marketing system consists of: Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Societies; Regulated Markets; Public Trading and Futures Trading. Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)  while recommending the minimum support prices … Read more Pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs.

17.02.18 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs

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JHARKHAND   Jharkhand to set up ‘Dada-Dadi’ park in every city Jharkhand Chief Minister Raghubar Das  said a “Dada-Dadi Park” for senior citizens would be established in every city of the state soon.   The projects include Adityapur Sewerage Yojna worth Rs 255.15 crore, Urban Water Project worth Rs 49.30 crore in Chakradharpur, West Singhbhum district and Multi-purpose Convention Hall … Read more 17.02.18 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs

Poverty and Unemployment:Measurements and trends; identification of BPL families,

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The World Bank defines poverty in absolute terms. The bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.90 per day> (PPP), and moderate poverty as less than $3.10 a day. Types of Poverty Absolute poverty measures poverty in relation to the amount of money necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and … Read more Poverty and Unemployment:Measurements and trends; identification of BPL families,

Judicial Review

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The Judiciary plays a very important role as a protector of the constitutional values that the founding fathers have given us. They try to undo the harm that is being done by the legislature and the executive and also they try to provide every citizen what has been promised by the Constitution under the Directive … Read more Judicial Review

Global warming

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Global warming is a term used for a gradual rise of atmospheric temperature and consequent changes in the radiation balance mainly due to human action leading to climatic change at different levels – local, regional and global. As per recent estimates, it has been found that  the surface air temperature over the past 100 years … Read more Global warming

Ozone layer depletion

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Ozone (O3) is a molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen (O), and is mostly found in the strato- sphere, where it protects us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although it represents only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, ozone is crucial for life on Earth. The stratospheric ozone layer forms a … Read more Ozone layer depletion

State Administration : State Secretariat, Chief Secretary

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The state secretarial consists of departments of state government which are headed politically by the ministers and administratively by the secretaries plays a crucial role in the State Administration. The chief secretary Is the head of the entire state secretariat while a secretary is a head of one or two departments. Functions of State Secretariat: … Read more State Administration : State Secretariat, Chief Secretary

 Air masses and fronts

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  Airmasses   An airmass is a large body of air with relatively uniform thermal and moisture characteristics. Airmasses cover large regions of the earth, typically several hundred thousand square kilometers. Airmasses can be as deep as the depth of the troposphere or as shallow as 1 to 2 km. Airmasses form when air remains … Read more  Air masses and fronts

Paper VI- GENERAL SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

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JPSC Mains Notes for Paper VI- General Science, Environment & Technology Development With Seperate section for Physical Science, Life Science, Agriculture Science, Environmental Science and Science & Technology Development The question paper of General Science, Environment & Technology Development shall have six sections. Section – shall have 20 objective type of questions, each of 2 marks (20 « 40 Questions … Read more Paper VI- GENERAL SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Fiscal Policy : Concept and role of fiscal policy in achieving employment, stability and economic development.

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Fiscal policy is that part of Government policy which is concerned with raising revenues through taxation and other means along with deciding on the level and pattern of expenditure it operates through budget. However, generally the expenditure exceeds the revenue income of the Government. In order to meet this situation, the Government imposes new taxes … Read more Fiscal Policy : Concept and role of fiscal policy in achieving employment, stability and economic development.

Revolt of 1857

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Introduction During the Governor-General Lord Canning May 11, 1857. The Meerut incident. Capture of Delhi. Proclaiming B S Jazar as the emperor. Almost half the Company’s sepoy strength of 232224 opted out of their loyalty to their regimental colours. Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal; Bareilly: Khan Bahadur; Jagdishpur (Ara): Kunwar Singh; Jhansi: Rani … Read more Revolt of 1857