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Points to Remember: Definition and scope of solid waste management (SWM). Causes of urban and industrial waste generation. Environmental, health, and economic effects of improper SWM. Control methods for urban and industrial waste, including waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal. Policy recommendations for improved SWM. Introduction: Solid waste management (SWM) encompasses the collection, transportation, processing, … Read more What is solid waste management? Write the causes, effects, and control methods of urban and industrial waste.

Points to Remember: Objective: To understand the key features of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). Approach: Factual, focusing on the scheme’s design and implementation. Introduction: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), launched in 2016, is a flagship crop insurance scheme of the Government of India. It aims to provide comprehensive insurance coverage to farmers … Read more Explain in brief the salient features of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana.

Points to Remember: Sex chromosomes (X and Y) determine sex in most mammals. Genes located on sex chromosomes exhibit sex-linked inheritance. Sex-linked traits are more common in one sex than the other. Recessive sex-linked traits are more frequent in males. Introduction: Sex-linked inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits determined by genes located on the … Read more What do you understand by sex-linked inheritance? Illustrate with suitable examples.

Points to Remember: Four major pituitary hormones: Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH). Functions of each hormone, including their target organs and effects. Potential consequences of hormone imbalances. Introduction: The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. … Read more Name four important hormones of the Pituitary gland. Discuss their functions.

Points to Remember: Definition and types of agroforestry systems. Environmental benefits (carbon sequestration, biodiversity, soil health). Economic benefits (increased income, diversification). Social benefits (improved livelihoods, food security). Management practices (species selection, site preparation, maintenance). Challenges and limitations of agroforestry. Introduction: Agroforestry is a land use management system that integrates trees and shrubs with crops and/or … Read more What do you mean by Agroforestry? Describe the importance of Agroforestry and its management.

Points to Remember: Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion Definition and causes of Lunar and Solar eclipses Differences between Lunar and Solar eclipses Introduction: Johannes Kepler, a prominent 17th-century astronomer, revolutionized our understanding of planetary motion by formulating three fundamental laws. These laws, derived from meticulous observations of planetary positions, particularly those of Mars by … Read more State Keplerâ??s laws of planetary motion. Distinguish between a Lunar eclipse and a Solar eclipse.

Points to Remember: Infrasonic sounds are below the range of human hearing. Ultrasonic sounds are above the range of human hearing. Both have natural and artificial sources. Ultrasonic sounds have specific characteristics and numerous applications. Introduction: Sound is a form of energy that travels as waves, caused by vibrations. The human ear can typically detect … Read more What are infrasonic and ultrasonic sounds? Name the sources of infrasonic sound in nature. Describe the characteristics and applications of ultrasonic sound.

Points to Remember: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease. The causative agent of leprosy is a bacterium. Several bacterial genera are mentioned in the options, each causing different diseases. Introduction: Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a curable infectious disease caused by a bacterium. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the … Read more Leprosy is caused due to (A) Clostridium (B) Salmonella (C) Mycobacterium (D) Bacillus

Points to Remember: GIS stands for Geographic Information System. GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. Data in GIS can be categorized into various types based on its nature and representation. Introduction: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are powerful tools used for managing and analyzing … Read more GIS deals with which kind of data? (A) Numeric data (B) Binary data (C) Spatial data (D) Complex data

Points to Remember: The correct year of implementation of the HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act. Understanding the significance of this Act in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Introduction: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has posed a significant global health challenge, demanding comprehensive prevention and control strategies. Many countries have enacted legislation to address the spread of … Read more The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act was implemented in (A) 2014 (B) 2015 (C) 2016 (D) 2017

Points to Remember: Conventional energy sources are those that have been used for a long time and are readily available. Renewable energy sources are replenished naturally and are sustainable. Non-renewable energy sources are finite and will eventually be depleted. Introduction: The question asks to identify a conventional source of energy from the given options. Conventional … Read more A conventional source of energy is (A) Wind energy (B) Solar energy (C) Coal (D) Nuclear energy

Points to Remember: Rainwater harvesting’s impact on groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting’s effect on surface runoff. Rainwater harvesting’s role in flood mitigation. Introduction: Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rainwater for various purposes, including domestic use, irrigation, and industrial applications. It’s a sustainable water management technique gaining increasing importance globally due to growing … Read more The advantage of implementing rainwater harvesting is (A) It recharges groundwater levels (B) It reduces runoff (C) It avoids flooding (D) All of the above

Points to Remember: The Sardar Sarovar Project is a large-scale dam project in India. The project’s location is crucial to understanding its impact and purpose. The question requires factual knowledge about the river on which the dam is built. Introduction: The Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) is a major dam project on the Narmada River in … Read more Sardar Sarovar Project is built on (A) Sone river (B) Tapti river (C) Narmada river (D) None of the above

Keywords: Red Data Book, endangered plants, endangered animals, data. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: The Red Data Book’s purpose is to document threatened species. It’s a crucial tool for conservation efforts. The book categorizes species based on their risk of extinction. Introduction: The Red Data Book, also known as the Red List, is a … Read more Red data book provides data on (A) Red flower plants (B) Red colored fishes (C) Red colored insects (D) Endangered plants and animals

Points to Remember: An ecosystem is a complex network of living organisms and their non-living environment. Four key components are necessary for a functional ecosystem. Understanding the interactions between these components is crucial for ecosystem health. Introduction: The question asks to identify the four components that constitute an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a dynamic, interconnected … Read more Which four components constitute an ecosystem? (A) Water, Carbon, Oxygen, Sulphur (B) Soil, Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall (C) Abiotic materials, Producers, Consumers, Decomposers (D) Herbivores, Carnivores, Bacteria, Parasites

Points to Remember: The question tests knowledge of India’s agroclimatic zones as classified by the 1989 Planning Commission Report. Jharkhand’s geographical location is crucial to determining its agroclimatic zone. The options provided represent distinct agroclimatic regions within India. Introduction: The Planning Commission of India, in its 1989 report, divided the country into various agroclimatic zones … Read more As per the Planning Commission Report (1989) on Agroclimatic zones of India, Jharkhand comes under (A) Central Plateau and hill region (B) Western Plateau and hill region (C) Eastern Plateau and hill region (D) Trans Gangetic plain region

Keywords: Food-grain, Cereals, Pulses, Oil seeds, Spices. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: Definition of food grains. Major categories of food grains. Distinction between cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and spices. Introduction: Food grains are the staple food crops that form the foundation of human diets globally. They provide essential carbohydrates, proteins, and fats necessary for sustenance … Read more Food-grain includes the following crops (A) Cereals and Pulses (B) Cereals and Oil seeds (C) Cereals, Pulses and Oil seeds (D) Cereals, Pulses, Oil seeds and Spices

Points to Remember: The question tests knowledge of cell biology and the functions of different organelles. The correct answer will identify the organelle primarily responsible for ATP production. Introduction: Cells are the fundamental units of life, and their proper functioning depends on the coordinated activities of various specialized structures called organelles. Each organelle plays a … Read more The organelles called the â??power houseâ? of the cell are (A) Golgi apparatus (B) Ribosomes (C) Mitochondria (D) Lysosomes

Points to Remember: Major plant nutrients are essential for plant growth and development. Macronutrients are required in larger quantities than micronutrients. Deficiency of any major nutrient can lead to stunted growth and reduced yield. Introduction: Plants, like all living organisms, require nutrients for growth and survival. These nutrients are absorbed from the soil through the … Read more The major nutrients for plants are (A) Fe, Mn, Zn (B) N, P, K (C) Cu, Mo, B (D) Co, Cl, Na

Points to Remember: Neem tree’s multifaceted uses. Economic and environmental significance of Neem. Sustainable utilization of Neem resources. Introduction: The Neem tree ( Azadirachta indica) is a tropical evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It holds immense cultural and economic significance across many parts of the world, particularly in South Asia. For centuries, it … Read more The uses of the Neem tree include (A) Timber (B) Medicinal (C) Fertilizer (D) All of the above

Points to Remember: Haemophilia’s genetic basis. Its inheritance pattern. Distinction from infectious and nutritional deficiency diseases. Introduction: Haemophilia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder. It’s characterized by a deficiency in certain clotting factors in the blood, leading to prolonged bleeding even from minor injuries. Unlike infectious diseases like influenza or measles, which are caused by … Read more Haemophilia is (A) An infectious disease (B) A sex-linked disease (C) Caused by malnutrition (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: Prophase I is the longest and most complex phase of meiosis I. It involves five distinct sub-stages characterized by specific chromosomal events. The correct sequence of these sub-stages is crucial for understanding the process of homologous chromosome pairing and recombination. Introduction: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the … Read more Stages in proper sequence of Prophase I are (A) Zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis, Diplotene (B) Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis (C) Leptotene, Pachytene, Zygotene, Diakinesis, Diplotene (D) Diplotene, Diakinesis, Pachytene, Zygotene, Leptotene

Points to Remember: The question asks to identify the “Father of Genetics.” The answer requires factual knowledge of the history of genetics. Introduction: Genetics, the study of heredity and variation in living organisms, has a rich history. The understanding of how traits are passed from one generation to the next has evolved significantly over time. … Read more Father of Genetics is (A) Mendel (B) Morgan (C) Muller (D) Hugo de Vries

Points to Remember: Conservative forces and their relationship with potential energy. Work-energy theorem. Definition of positive work. Introduction: This question tests the understanding of the relationship between conservative forces and potential energy. A conservative force is a force with the property that the work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of … Read more When a conservative force does positive work on a body, its potential energy (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains unaltered (D) Fluctuates

Points to Remember: Work done is the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force. Work done is independent of the path taken (for conservative forces like gravity). Work done is independent of the time taken. Work done is directly proportional to the weight (force) of the body lifted. Introduction: This question … Read more A body is lifted from the ground onto a table by you. The amount of work performed in the process does not depend upon (A) The path along which you lifted the body (B) The time taken by you in the process (C) The weight of the body (D) Your own weight

Points to Remember: Earth’s orbital path around the Sun. Shapes of orbits (circular, elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic). Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion. Introduction: The question asks about the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Understanding this requires knowledge of celestial mechanics and Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion. Kepler, through meticulous observation of planetary movements, … Read more The orbit of revolution of the earth around the sun is (A) Circular (B) Elliptical (C) Parabolic (D) Hyperbolic

Points to Remember: Sound is a form of energy that travels as waves. The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch. Human hearing range is typically 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Sounds outside this range have specific names. Introduction: Sound is a longitudinal wave that propagates through a medium (like air, water, or solids). … Read more Sound of frequency below 20 Hz are called (A) Audio sounds (B) Infrasonics (C) Ultrasonics (D) Supersonics

Points to Remember: Low productivity due to fragmented landholdings, lack of irrigation, and outdated farming techniques. Inadequate infrastructure (storage, transportation, market access). Limited access to credit, technology, and market information. Climate change vulnerability and soil degradation. Lack of farmer education and extension services. Policy implementation challenges and corruption. Introduction: Jharkhand, a state rich in mineral … Read more Discuss the causes of poor performance of the agricultural sector in Jharkhand. Suggest measures for achieving a high growth rate of agricultural production and productivity.

Keywords: Jharkhand, Industrial Policy, Industrial Development, Government Steps. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion-based assessment of the effectiveness of the policies. Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s resource-rich nature and its potential for industrial growth. The government’s focus areas in its industrial policy. Specific schemes and initiatives implemented. Challenges faced in industrial … Read more Discuss the present industrial policy of the Jharkhand Government. Examine the steps undertaken by the government to promote industrial development.

Points to Remember: Defects in Agricultural Marketing: Inefficient supply chains, price volatility, exploitation of farmers, lack of market information, inadequate storage and transportation facilities, post-harvest losses. Government Initiatives: e-NAM, Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Regulation) Act, 2017 (APMC reforms), infrastructure development, farmer producer organizations (FPOs), technology adoption. Introduction: Agricultural marketing in India faces significant challenges … Read more Examine the defects of agricultural marketing in India. What steps are being taken by the government to remove them?

Keywords: Economic reforms, India, assessment parameters, impact, critical examination. Required Approach: Analytical Points to Remember: Identify key economic reforms in India (e.g., liberalization, privatization, globalization). Discuss the parameters used to assess these reforms (e.g., GDP growth, poverty reduction, income inequality, inflation, foreign investment). Analyze both positive and negative impacts of the reforms on various sectors … Read more In the light of the parameters used for assessing economic reforms, critically examine its impact on the Indian economy.

Points to Remember: Defining inclusion in the context of employment and education. Identifying key indicators for measuring inclusion. Analyzing Indian data on employment and education to assess economic inclusion. Discussing limitations of available data and potential biases. Suggesting improvements in data collection and policy recommendations. Introduction: Inclusion, in the context of economic development, refers to … Read more How is â??inclusionâ?? measured? Do Indian data show economic inclusion in employment and primary/secondary education?

Points to Remember: Key provisions of the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Mechanisms for reducing food insecurity among low-income groups. Potential limitations and challenges in implementation. Suggestions for improvement and strengthening the Act. Introduction: Food insecurity, the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food, plagues a significant portion … Read more Discuss various provisions in the latest National Food Security Act. Show that the Act may reduce insecurity among low-income people.

Points to Remember: Shifting global economic landscape and its impact on India’s trade. Rise of new trading partners and diversification of trade baskets. Impact of geopolitical events on trade relations. Role of government policies and initiatives in shaping trade direction. Challenges and opportunities in the evolving trade scenario. Introduction: India’s foreign trade has undergone a … Read more Discuss in detail recent changes in the composition and direction of Indiaâ??s foreign trade.

Keywords: WTO, Indian agriculture, impact Required Approach: Analytical (examining both positive and negative impacts) Points to Remember: WTO agreements and their relevance to Indian agriculture. Impact on agricultural subsidies, trade liberalization, and market access. Challenges faced by Indian farmers due to WTO regulations. Opportunities created by WTO membership for Indian agriculture. Policy recommendations for mitigating … Read more Discuss in detail the impact of WTO on Indian agriculture.

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s forest cover distribution. Comparison of forest cover across districts. Data sources for forest cover information. Introduction: Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is known for its significant forest cover. Determining which district possesses the maximum forest cover requires analyzing data from reliable sources such as the India State of Forest Report … Read more Which of the following areas has the maximum forest cover in Jharkhand? (A) Chatra (B) Hazaribagh (C) Ghatshila (D) Ranchi

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s population rank among Indian states. Reliance on factual data for accurate ranking. Introduction: India’s population distribution is highly diverse, with significant variations in population density and size across its states and union territories. Understanding the population rank of individual states provides valuable insights into regional demographics and resource allocation needs. This … Read more From the viewpoint of population, what is the rank of Jharkhand among Indian States? (A) 11th (B) 12th (C) 13th (D) None of these

Points to Remember: The question requires factual information regarding the allocation of funds to Jharkhand in the 10th Five-Year Plan (2002-2007). The answer must be precise and based on verifiable data from official sources. Introduction: The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007) of India was a crucial period for economic development and resource allocation across states. The … Read more In the 10th Five-Year Plan, how much money had been allocated to Jharkhand State by the Planning Commission? (A) â?¹14,632 crore (B) â?¹24,850 crore (C) â?¹20,480 crore (D) None of these

Points to Remember: The question requires factual knowledge about India’s GDP composition based on CSO data. The specific data point sought is the agricultural sector’s share in the total GDP for 2013-14 at 2011-12 prices. Accuracy is paramount; the answer must be based on verifiable information from the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) of India. Introduction: … Read more According to the new series of national income, released by the CSO at 2011-12 prices, the share of agriculture in total GDP in 2013-14 was (A) 12% (B) 15% (C) 18% (D) None of these

Points to Remember: Globalization’s multifaceted nature. India’s specific context within globalization. Distinguishing between aspects of globalization and its potential consequences. Introduction: Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. It’s a complex process driven by technological advancements, reduced trade barriers, and increased capital mobility. … Read more Globalization of the Indian economy means (A) Establishing business units abroad (B) Giving up programs of import substitutions (C) Having minimum possible restriction on economic relations with other nations (D) Stepping up external borrowing

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s economic foundation rests on multiple sectors, but one dominates. Understanding the contribution of each sector is crucial. The question requires a factual approach, identifying the most significant contributor to Jharkhand’s GDP. Introduction: Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is rich in natural resources but faces challenges in diversifying its economy. While … Read more What is the main basis of the economy of Jharkhand? (A) Agriculture (B) Industry (C) Mining (D) Transfer

Keywords: Central Government of India, subsidy, food subsidy, fertilizer subsidy, export subsidy, petroleum subsidy, maximum share. Required Approach: Factual. This question requires identifying the factual data regarding the allocation of central government subsidies in India. Points to Remember: The Indian government provides various subsidies to support different sectors of the economy. The allocation of subsidies … Read more Which one of the following gets the maximum share in the total subsidy given by the Central Government of India? (A) Food subsidy (B) Fertilizer subsidy (C) Export subsidy (D) Petroleum subsidy

Points to Remember: Current FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) policy in India. Sectors with restrictions on FDI. Reasons behind FDI restrictions. Potential implications of allowing 100% FDI. Introduction: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in a nation’s economic growth by bringing in capital, technology, and expertise. However, governments often regulate FDI inflows, particularly in … Read more At present 100% FDI is not allowed in (A) Defence (B) Drugs and Pharmaceuticals (C) Banks (D) Insurance

Points to Remember: Identify the sector attracting the highest Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India during the last decade. Understand the factors contributing to FDI inflow in different sectors. Analyze the data related to FDI inflow in India. Introduction: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in a nation’s economic growth by providing capital, … Read more In the last decade, which sector has attracted the highest FDI in India? (A) Fertilizer (B) Insurance (C) Telecommunication (D) Food Processing

Keywords: Sustainable economic development, saving, investment. Required Approach: Analytical Points to Remember: The relationship between saving and investment in driving sustainable economic development. The role of both saving and investment in capital formation and economic growth. The limitations of relying solely on either saving or investment. Introduction: Sustainable economic development is a multifaceted concept encompassing … Read more Sustainable economic development depends on (A) Investment, not saving (B) Saving, not investment (C) Both saving and investment (D) Neither saving nor investment

Points to Remember: The question asks for India’s Human Development Index (HDI) rank in 2016. The answer requires factual information, not analysis or opinion. The options provided are specific numerical ranks. Introduction: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development. It is used to rank … Read more What was the rank of India in HDI among 188 nations of the world in the year 2016? (A) 130 (B) 181 (C) 182 (D) 133

Points to Remember: India’s Five-Year Plans aimed at achieving specific socio-economic goals. Each plan had a primary focus, though multiple objectives were pursued simultaneously. Identifying the central theme of each plan is crucial to answering the question. Introduction: India’s Five-Year Plans, initiated in 1951, represent a cornerstone of its economic and social development strategy. These … Read more â??Towards faster and more inclusive growthâ? was the goal of (A) 9th Five-Year Plan (B) 10th Five-Year Plan (C) 11th Five-Year Plan (D) None of these

Points to Remember: Domestic savings are crucial for investment and economic growth. India’s saving rate fluctuates based on various economic factors. Official data sources are needed for accurate assessment. The question requires a factual approach. Introduction: Domestic savings represent the portion of national income that is not consumed but instead saved by households, businesses, and … Read more The estimated average rate of domestic saving in India currently is in the range of (A) 15 to 20% (B) 20 to 25% (C) 25 to 30% (D) None of these

Points to Remember: Capital formation involves increasing a nation’s capital stock. It considers both gross and net additions to capital. It encompasses various types of capital, not just physical assets. Accurate measurement is crucial for economic planning. Introduction: Capital formation is a cornerstone of economic growth. It refers to the process of increasing a nation’s … Read more Capital formation denotes (A) Flow of expenditure devoted to increase the capital stock (B) Net addition to capital stock after depreciation (C) Production exceeding demand (D) Expenditure on physical assets only

Points to Remember: National debt represents the total amount of money a government owes to its creditors. Different financial instruments contribute to a nation’s debt or represent savings within the nation. Understanding the distinction between government borrowing and private savings is crucial. Introduction: National debt is a critical aspect of a nation’s fiscal health. It … Read more Which of the following is not considered as a national debt? (A) LIC Policies (B) Long term government bonds (C) Provident Fund (D) National Saving Certificates