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JHARKHAND Jharkhand to set up ‘Dada-Dadi’ park in every city Jharkhand Chief Minister Raghubar Das said a “Dada-Dadi Park” for senior citizens would be established in every city of the state soon. The projects include Adityapur Sewerage Yojna worth Rs 255.15 crore, Urban Water Project worth Rs 49.30 crore in Chakradharpur, West Singhbhum district and Multi-purpose Convention Hall … Read more 17.02.18 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs
JHARKHAND Gift Milk scheme is Launched at Jharkhand ð Chief Minister Raghubar Das said that the Government has already started the process for a ‘White Revolution’ in the State and it will begin exporting milk outside the State in near future. The CM, during the launch of National Dairy Development Board’s (NDDB) ‘Gift … Read more 22.11.17 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs
In-situ conservation means maintenance of biodiversity in natural habitat whereas Ex-situ conservation emphasises the conservation of biodiversity outside natural habitat.The Indian Constitution entails the subject of forests and wildlife in the Concurrent list. The Federal Ministry acts as a guiding torch dealing with the policies and planning on wildlife conservation and Environmental Conservation, while the … Read more Environmental Conservation-in situ and ex situ conservation
The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the country. The Act was amended in 1988. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977, to … Read more The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act
The Air Prevention & Control of Pollution Act is an Act by Parliament to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected … Read more The Air Prevention & Control of Pollution
Global warming is a term used for a gradual rise of atmospheric temperature and consequent changes in the radiation balance mainly due to human action leading to climatic change at different levels – local, regional and global. As per recent estimates, it has been found that the surface air temperature over the past 100 years … Read more Global warming
In order to check rapid deforestation due to forestlands being released by state governments for agriculture, industry and other development projects (allowed under the Indian Forest Act) the federal government enacted the Forest Conservation Act in 1980 with an amendment in 1988. The Act made the prior approval of the federal government necessary for de-reservation … Read more Forest Conservation Act
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more Environmental Laws-The Environment Protection Act
Ozone (O3) is a molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen (O), and is mostly found in the strato- sphere, where it protects us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although it represents only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, ozone is crucial for life on Earth. The stratospheric ozone layer forms a … Read more Ozone layer depletion
The pH of natural rain is found to be in the range from 5 to 7. The term acid rain is customarily applied to precipitation with a pH below 5. Such low pH values are generally possible only in the presence of large amounts of anthropogenic pollution. Sulphuric acid and nitric acid is considered as … Read more Acid rain
Climate Change It is the long term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time Though it has been happening naturally for millions of years, in recent years it has accelerated due to anthropogenic causes and has been causing global warming. UNFCCC defines climate change as – “a change of climate … Read more Global Environmental Issues: Climate change
Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Basically biodiversity is the total number of genes, species and ecosystems of a region. It includes … Read more Biodiversity: concept, hotspots, threats to biodiversity
Eco-System-An ecosystem is defined as a structural and functional unit of biosphere consisting of community of living beings and the physical environment, both interacting and exchanging materials between them. It includes plants, trees, animals, fish, birds, micro-organisms, water, soil, and people. When an ecosystem is healthy (i.e. sustainable) it means that all the elements live … Read more Concept of Ecosystem, Structure and Function of Ecosystem
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). An increase of about 10 dB is approximately double the increase in loudness. A person’s hearing can be damaged if exposed to noise levels over 75 dB over a prolonged period of time. The World Health Organization recommends that the sound level indoors should be less than 30 dB. … Read more Sound/Noice Pollution
E — WASTE E-waste is not hazardous if it is stocked in safe storage or recycled by scientific methods or transported from one place to the other in parts or in totality in the formal sector. The e-waste can be considered hazardous if recycled by primitive methods Survey was carried out by the Central Pollution … Read more Solid Waste Management
Following are the list of important terms for JPSC Mains Paper VI- GENERAL SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. Kindly Give your Ans in the comment box and we will release our model ans in 15 days General Science Parsec Light year Metric System Crescograph Radar Quantum Mechanics Tribology Bhramgupt Escape Velocity Raman Effect Mirage Myopia … Read more Up 2 the Marker-JPSC Mains Important Points-Paper 6 Special
HUMAN EVOLUTION Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years. One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism — the ability … Read more HUMAN EVOLUTION
MOLECULAR BASIS OF DIFFERENTIATION Whenever growth occurs, increase in mass, weight etc. takes place. Number of cells increases due to cell division. Sometimes, cells grow in size and they do not divide and lead to growth. The simple multiplication of cells would produce masses of cells but not an organism. Knowledge of developmental processes as … Read more MOLECULAR BASIS OF DIFFERENTIATION
GENE REGULATION Gene regulation is the informal term used to describe any mechanism used by a cell to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Cells can modify their gene expression patterns to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. All points of gene … Read more Gene Regulation
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Proteins are the end product of many metabolic processes. A typical cell requires thousands of different protein molecules at any given moment. So, the protein requirements of a particular cell has to be satisfied by synthesizing them at site or has to be transferred from where it is being synthesized. This is in … Read more Protein Synthesis
DNA: STRUCTURE DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the … Read more DNA Structure & Function, DNAReplication,
Whether an animal will become a male, a female, or a hermaphrodite is determined very early in development. Scientists have worked for hundreds of years to understand the sex-determination system. The first major breakthrough in understanding sex determination was the discovery of sex chromosomes in the early 1900s. From meticulous analyses of male and … Read more SEX DETERMINATION
The chromosomes present in the diploid cells of the majority of the sexually reproducing animals are of two types: autosomes bearing genes for somatic characters and sex chromosomes bearing genes for sex. Sex chromosomes also carry some genes for non-sexual characters such as colour blindness and haemophilia. Such genes which are always associated with … Read more SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE
MENDELIAN INHERITENCE Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the laws originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866 and re-discovered in 1900. These laws were initially very controversial. When Mendel’s theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core … Read more Medallion Inheritance – Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross
CELL REPRODUCTION Cell reproduction is the process by which cells divide to form new cells. Each time a cell divides, it makes a copy of all of its chromosomes, which are tightly coiled strands of DNA, the genetic material that holds the instructions for all life, and sends an identical copy to the new cell … Read more Cell reproduction – Cell cycle Mitosis and Meiosis
The primary energy consumption in India is the third biggest after China and USA with 5.5% global share in 2016.The electricity generation target of conventional sources for the year 2017-18 has been fixed as 1229.400 Billion Unit (BU). i.e. growth of around 5.97% over actual conventional generation of 1160.141 BU for the previous year (2016-17). The conventional … Read more Energy demand of the country
The primary aim of the National Health Policy, 2017, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of the Government in shaping health systems in all its dimensions- investments in health, organization of healthcare services, prevention of diseases and promotion of good health through cross sectoral actions, access to technologies, developing human resources, encouraging … Read more National Health Policy : national programmes for prevention and control of Malaria, Leprosy,T.B., Cancer, Aids, Blindness etc
A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer. A computer requires programs to function and typically executes the program’s instructions in a central processing unit.A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language. Computer language or programming language is a … Read more Data Programmes
Biotechnology through Genetic engineering has made food crops more resistant to disease, but the mere act of modification of the naturally selected food crops may actually disturb the delicate balance of biodiversity which exists in nature causing a disturbance to the natural balance. The production of GMOs has negative impacts on the natural ecosystem which … Read more Possible adverse effects of biotechnological interventions
Basics of Computers Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. Data can be anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height, etc. of all the students in a class. A computer is a programmable machine. It allows the user to store all … Read more Computers and its application in data processing
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW INCLUDING CYBER LAWS (CONCEPTS, PURPOSE, PROSPECTS) In India, cyber laws are contained in the Information Technology Act, 2000 (“IT Act”) which came into force on October 17, 2000. The main purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government. … Read more Cyber-crime and cyber laws
Biotechnology and its Applications Biotechnology is defined as the industrial application of living organisms and their biological processes such as biochemistry, microbiology, and genetic engineering, in order to make best use of the microorganisms for the benefit of mankind. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental … Read more Use of Biotechnology in agriculture, animal breeding, pharmaceuticals, food technology, and environmental conservation
HORMONES Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions. There are many types of hormones that act on different aspects of bodily functions and processes. Some of these include: Development and growth Metabolism of food items Sexual function … Read more Hormones – Plant hormones and growth regulation.Animal hormones and their functions.
ENZYMES Enzyme, a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes. Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place … Read more ENZYMES
Nuclear Energy Introduction Global energy demand continues to climb as the industrialized world’s energy use rises, millions pull themselves out of poverty in developing countries, and the world population expands. Thus, the debate over the energy supply of the future intensifies. This debate is complicated by ongoing global climate destabilization as a result of green … Read more Nuclear Energy : its merits and demerits
Nuclear policy of india Important points of india’s nuclear policy are as follows: Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent. nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian Territory or on Indian forces elsewhere. Nuclear retaliation to a first strike will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable … Read more TRENDS IN NUCLEAR POLICY, NPT AND CTBT
The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing … Read more National Policy for Science and Technology
VITAMINS Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantities to sustain life. We need to take vitamins from food because the human body either does not produce enough of them or none at all. There are two types of vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the fatty tissues of the body … Read more VITAMINS
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION Evolution, simply put, is descent with modification. This definition encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next) and large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations). Evolution helps us to understand the history of life. Evolution is not … Read more Theories of Evolution of Life on earth, including Human Evolution
BIOMOLECULES There is vast diversity of living organisms. The chemical compositon and metabolic reactions of the organisms appear to be similar. The composition of living tissues and non-living matter also appear to be similar in qualitative analysis.Closer analysis reveals that the relative abundance of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is higher in living system. All forms … Read more Bio molecules – structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.Vitamins and deficiency diseases, Enzymes, Hormones – Plant hormones and growth regulation.Animal hormones and their functions.
Each organism is different from other organisms. The total number of species living on the planet is imprecisely known and published estimates vary from 12 million to over 100 million. This is because there are large numbers of species yet undiscovered and undescribed, and there is not always agreement on whether certain organisms should … Read more Diversity of organism
Soil Fertility status of Jharkhand According to GIS based data, Soil fertility can be mapped. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are the major constituents, whichare considered important for soil fertility. Presence Lohardaga and Simdega districts have less presence of Nitrogen in the soil as compared to other districts. Palmau, Chatar, Kodarma, Giridh, Dumka, Godda, Sahibganj has … Read more Soil fertility status of Jharkhand- Application of Vermi compost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) for improving soil health. Nitrogen fixing bacteria; their applications and Concept of Organic farming
Rain fed agriculture Rain fed agriculture indicated rain as source of irrigation for agricultural activities. In India, almost 60% of total net sown area comes under rainfed lands. Rainfed crops account for 48 percent area under food crops and 68 percent under non-food crops. India ranks first among the rainfed agricultural countries of the world in … Read more Rain fed agriculture: Conventional food and horticultural crops of the state.Need for diversification of crops for food as well as nutritional security in the wake of climate change; Rain water harvesting and its role in improving agriculture output in Jharkhand; Fish farming
ADifferent agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone. Three Agro-Climatic zones of Jharkhand are: Western Plateau Zone Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone South Eastern Plateau Zone Agro-Climatic Zone of Jharkhand Region Name Districts Name Western Plateau Zone Bokaro Latehar Lohardanga Gumla Hazaribagh Palamau Ranchi Simdega Chatara … Read more Different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone
The living world Objects having characteristics of cellular organization, growth, reproduction, ability to sense environment and give response are living organisms. There are some important features of living organisms: It should grow, which means its structure changes as time goes by in an advantageous manner. It should show adaptation to the environment. It should maintain … Read more The living world, Cell-Structure and its functions, Diversity of organism
Agroforestry: Agroforestry is a land-use system in which trees/shrubs are grown in association with agricultural crops, pastures or livestock. This integration of trees and shrubs in the land-use system can be either a spatial arrangement, e.g. trees growing in a field at the same time as the crop, or in a time sequence, e.g. shrubs … Read more Concept of Agro-forestry, Waste lands and means to reclaim them
Some of the government schemes for the benefits of the farmers in Jharkhand are: Single Window Platform-> Jharkhand has become the first state in India to launch a single-window facility for farmers. Kisan Suvidha App-> It is a free mobile application that provides weather forecasts for the next five days, besides information on prices of … Read more Government schemes for the benefit of the farmers of the Jharkhand
Sound is a longitudinal wave, in which the particles oscillate to and fro in the same direction of wave propagation. Sound waves cannot be transmitted through vacuum. The transmission of sound requires at least a medium, which can be solid, liquid, or gas. Newton to derive a relation for the velocity of sound in a gaseous … Read more Concept and nature of sound.Wave length and frequency, infrasonic and Ultrasonic sounds, Sources of Infrasonic sound In nature, Ultrasonic sound characteristics and some applications.
The solar system consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two “centers” of the Solar system and the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits. The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It … Read more Solar system, relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets, movement of earth and moon in solar system, lunar and solar eclipses
Speed An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with time, with respect to its surroundings.Speed is defined as the distance moved per unit time, i.e Speed =Distance /Time When we say that an object is at rest or in motion,then this statement is incomplete and meaningless. Basically, rest & … Read more Definition of speed,velocity, gravity, mass, weight, force, impact, work, power and energy