Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is known for its rich mineral resources, dense forests, and diverse tribal culture. Its geographical location and boundaries play a crucial role in shaping its identity and development.
Geographical Location
Jharkhand is situated in the northeastern part of the Indian peninsula, between 2158' and 2518' North latitude and 8320' and 8757' East longitude. It covers an area of 79,714 square kilometers, making it the 15th largest state in India.
The state's location places it in a strategic position, connecting the northern and southern regions of the country. It also serves as a gateway to the northeastern states.
Boundaries
Jharkhand shares its borders with five states:
North: Bihar
West: Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
South: Odisha
East: West Bengal
This central location within India makes Jharkhand a vital link in the country's transportation and communication networks.
Physiographic Features
Jharkhand's topography is dominated by the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which covers most of the state. This plateau is characterized by rolling hills, valleys, and dense forests. The highest point in Jharkhand is Parasnath Hill (1,366 meters), a significant pilgrimage site for Jains.
Several rivers flow through Jharkhand, including the Damodar, Subarnarekha, Koel, and Brahmani. These rivers play an important role in the state's economy, providing water for irrigation and industry.
Climate
Jharkhand has a tropical climate with three distinct seasons:
Summer: Hot and humid, with temperatures reaching up to 47C.
Monsoon: Rainy season, with average rainfall of 1,400 mm.
Winter: Pleasant and cool, with temperatures ranging from 4C to 25C.
Natural Resources
Jharkhand is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, and limestone. These resources have contributed significantly to the state's industrial development. The state also has abundant forest resources, which provide timber, fuelwood, and other forest products.
Impact of Geographical Location and Boundaries
Jharkhand's geographical location and boundaries have had a significant impact on its:
Economy: The state's central location and rich natural resources have made it an important industrial center.
Culture: Jharkhand's diverse tribal population has been influenced by its proximity to different states.
Transportation: The state's location makes it a crucial link in India's transportation network.
Environment: Jharkhand's forests play an important role in regulating the region's climate and water resources.
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