Points to Remember: Renewable energy sources offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, they face challenges related to reliability, cost, and environmental impact. A balanced assessment is crucial to understand their viability. Introduction: The global shift towards renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal is driven by the urgent need to mitigate … Read more Which of the following is a disadvantage of most of the renewable energy sources? (A) High running cost (B) High waste disposal cost (C) Unreliable supply (D) Highly polluting

Points to Remember: The Kyoto Protocol’s main focus is on climate change. It targets specific greenhouse gases. It employs a mechanism of emissions reduction commitments. It involves international cooperation. Introduction: The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and entering into force in 2005, is an international treaty extending the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate … Read more What is the primary agenda of the Kyoto Protocol? (A) Control anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases (B) Regulate the production of nuclear energy (C) Regulation of hazardous wastes (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: Greenhouse gases and their contribution to global warming. Relative global warming potentials of different gases. The role of human activities in greenhouse gas emissions. Introduction: Global warming, the ongoing increase in Earth’s average temperature, is primarily driven by the enhanced greenhouse effect. This effect is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases … Read more The gas contributing a major role in global warming (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Ozone (C) Nitrous oxide (D) Methane

Points to Remember: IMD’s weather forecasting capabilities. Different types of weather forecasts and their timeframes. The distinction between short-range, medium-range, and long-range forecasts. Introduction: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the national meteorological agency of India. It provides a range of weather forecasting services to the public and various sectors, including agriculture, aviation, and disaster … Read more Medium-range weather forecast issued by IMD is for (A) 1-2 days (B) 2-7 days (C) 10-15 days (D) None of these

Points to Remember: Classification of regions based on annual rainfall. Understanding the different climatic zones. Defining arid, semi-arid, humid, and temperate climates. Introduction: The classification of regions based on annual rainfall is crucial for understanding their climate and potential for agriculture and human settlement. Different rainfall amounts support different ecosystems and types of land use. … Read more Region receiving 500-1000 mm annual rainfall is called (A) Humid (B) Arid (C) Semi-arid (D) Temperate

Points to Remember: The question requires identifying the minimum rainfall amount that constitutes a “rainy day.” The answer is factual, requiring a specific value based on established meteorological standards. Introduction: Defining a “rainy day” is crucial for meteorological data collection and analysis. Consistent criteria are necessary for accurate weather reporting, climate studies, and hydrological modeling. … Read more Minimum rainfall amount considered as rainy days is (A) 1.5mm (B) 2.5mm (C) 1.0mm (D) 2.0mm

Points to Remember: Miller-Urey experiment aimed to simulate early Earth conditions to test the hypothesis of abiogenesis. The experiment produced several organic molecules, but not all building blocks of life. Identifying the molecules not produced is crucial to understanding the experiment’s limitations. Introduction: The Miller-Urey experiment, conducted in 1952 by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey, … Read more In the experiment of Stanley Miller, the left-out products were: (A) Amino acids (B) Nucleotides (C) Acetic acids (D) Oxalo acetic acids

Points to Remember: Gregor Mendel’s contributions to the understanding of heredity. The field of genetics and its foundational principles. Distinguishing genetics from related fields like taxonomy and palaeobotany. Introduction: This question requires a factual approach to identify the field of science in which Gregor Mendel made his groundbreaking contributions. Mendel, an Austrian monk, conducted experiments … Read more Mendel is called the father of: (A) Taxonomy (B) Genetics (C) Palaeobotany (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: Thyroxin is a crucial hormone regulating metabolism. Several glands in the endocrine system produce hormones. Correct identification of the thyroxin-producing gland is key. Introduction: Thyroxin (T4), also known as tetraiodothyronine, is a vital hormone produced by the endocrine system. The endocrine system comprises various glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, … Read more Thyroxin is secreted by: (A) Thyroid gland (B) Thymus gland (C) Hypothalamus (D) Pituitary gland

Points to Remember: The question tests knowledge of the chemical formula of urea. Understanding the structure and bonding in urea is crucial. Correct identification of the formula is essential. Introduction: Urea, officially known as carbamide, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NHâ??)â??. It is a white, crystalline, and highly soluble compound widely used … Read more Formula of urea is – (A) HN-COâ??-NH (B) KCNO (C) Hâ??N-CO-NHâ?? (D) Hâ??N-CO-NHâ??

Keywords: Golgi Body, functions, excretion, storage, secretion, translation, transcription. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: The Golgi body’s primary function is processing and packaging proteins and lipids. It plays a crucial role in secretion. It’s distinct from the processes of translation and transcription. Introduction: The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or Golgi … Read more Golgi Body helps in: (A) Excretion of steroids (B) Storage and secretion of substances (C) Translation (D) Transcription

Points to Remember: The ultimate source of energy is the origin of all energy on Earth. Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Energy). Renewable vs. Non-renewable sources of energy. Introduction: The question asks to identify the ultimate source of energy from … Read more Which of the given is the ultimate source of energy? (A) Fossil fuel (B) Water (C) Uranium (D) Sun

Points to Remember: The Earth’s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet. Several forces influence the atmosphere, but one is primarily responsible for holding it in place. Understanding the forces acting on the atmosphere is crucial for comprehending weather patterns and climate. Introduction: The question asks which force primarily holds the Earth’s atmosphere … Read more The Atmosphere is held to the Earth by (A) Wind (B) Gravity (C) Clouds (D) Earth’s Magnetic field

Keywords: Jharkhand, developmental concerns, challenges Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion-based assessment of the challenges. Points to Remember: Poverty and inequality Lack of infrastructure Dependence on natural resources Naxalism and security concerns Governance and administrative issues Human capital development gaps Introduction: Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is rich in … Read more Discuss in brief the major challenges faced by Jharkhand in addressing developmental concerns.

Points to Remember: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Potential energy is stored energy due to position or configuration. Gravitational potential energy is a specific type of potential energy related to an object’s position in a gravitational field. Introduction: This question tests understanding of fundamental concepts in physics, specifically concerning energy. Energy exists in … Read more A stone resting on the table has (A) Kinetic Energy (B) Gravitational Energy (C) Potential Energy (D) None of these

Points to Remember: Globalization’s multifaceted impact on India: both opportunities and challenges. Focus on economic sectors (agriculture, manufacturing, services). Consideration of social and environmental consequences. Role of government policies in managing globalization’s effects. Introduction: Globalization, the increasing interconnectedness of nations through trade, investment, technology, and information flows, has profoundly impacted the Indian economy since the … Read more Write an overview on the impact of Globalization on the Indian economy.

Points to Remember: Three Agricultural Reform Acts: Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020; Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020; Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020. Key Aims: Deregulation of agricultural markets, promotion of private investment, and increased farmer income. Criticisms: Concerns about Minimum Support Price … Read more Write about the recent agricultural sector reforms in India.

Points to Remember: Sources of Jharkhand’s public borrowings (internal and external). Key debt-sustainability indicators (e.g., debt-to-GDP ratio, debt servicing costs). Recent trends in these indicators for Jharkhand. Analysis of the sustainability of Jharkhand’s debt levels. Policy recommendations for improving debt management. Introduction: The Government of Jharkhand, like other states in India, relies on public borrowings … Read more What are the sources of public borrowings of the Government of Jharkhand? Discuss recent trends in debt-sustainability indicators for Jharkhand.

Points to Remember: Principles of Budgeting: Completeness, Unity, Clarity, Accuracy, Flexibility, and Comparability. Types of Budgets: Balanced, Surplus, Deficit, Incremental, Zero-Based, Performance, and Program Budgets. Introduction: A budget is a financial plan that outlines expected income and expenditures over a specific period. It’s a crucial tool for individuals, businesses, and governments to manage their finances … Read more Write an Essay on Budget. Explain the principles and types of Budget.

Points to Remember: Origin of “Sustainable Development” Link between Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection Meaning and implications of measuring Green GDP of States Introduction: The term “Sustainable Development” has become a cornerstone of global policy and discourse, particularly in the context of environmental protection. It gained prominence with the publication of the Brundtland Report, Our … Read more What is the origin of the expression “Sustainable Development”? How is it associated with environmental protection? Elaborate on the statement “Center to start measuring Green GDP of States.”

Points to Remember: Origins and Objectives of Five-Year Plans Key Features and Characteristics Achievements and Shortcomings Evolution and Shift in Focus Relevance in the Present Context Introduction: India’s Five-Year Plans represent a cornerstone of its post-independence economic development strategy. Inspired by the Soviet model of centralized planning, these plans aimed to transform a largely agrarian … Read more Write a note on the Indian Five-Year Plan.

Points to Remember: National Income represents the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific period. Three primary methods exist for calculating national income: the product method, the income method, and the expenditure method. Each method offers a unique perspective on national income, and discrepancies may … Read more What is National Income? Discuss the various methods of measuring national income.

Points to Remember: The question requires factual information from the India State Forest Report 2019. The answer should be a specific percentage representing Jharkhand’s forest cover. Introduction: The India State of Forest Report (ISFR), published biennially by the Forest Survey of India (FSI), provides comprehensive data on India’s forest cover. This report is crucial for … Read more As per the India State Forest Report 2019, what percent of Jharkhandâ??s geographical area comes under forest cover? (A) 30.52% (B) 29.12% (C) 29.62% (D) 28.98%

Keywords: Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains Fund, food security, starvation deaths, COVID-19, rice distribution. Required Approach: Factual and Analytical. The question requires analyzing the accuracy of statements regarding a specific government program. Points to Remember: The Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains Fund’s purpose. Its geographical reach and implementation levels. Its role during the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantity … Read more Which of the following statements is not correct about the Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains Fund? (A) It is constituted to thwart any eventuality of starvation deaths (B) The fund has been constituted at the district level down to the Panchayat level since 2018-19 (C) During the COVID-19 pandemic, this fund helped people tackle the problem of food scarcity (D) 5 kg of rice is given to eligible beneficiaries from this fund

Points to Remember: Literacy rate is the percentage of the population aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding. The 2011 Census of India provides data on literacy rates at the state and national levels. Jharkhand is a state in eastern India with historically lower literacy rates compared to the national … Read more What is the literacy rate gap between Jharkhand and India as per the 2011 Census? (A) 5% (B) 7.3% (C) 20.8% (D) 10.3%

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s State Value Added (SVA) at constant prices reflects the contribution of different economic sectors to the state’s overall economic output. The secondary sector encompasses manufacturing, construction, and electricity generation. Accurate data from official sources is crucial for determining the sector’s contribution to SVA. Introduction: Jharkhand’s economy is characterized by a diverse … Read more What is the contribution of the secondary sector in Jharkhandâ??s State Value Added at constant prices in 2019-20? (A) 32.8% (B) 28.2% (C) 28.9% (D) 12.5%

Points to Remember: The question requires identifying the statutory body responsible for regulating the stock market in India. The approach is factual, requiring knowledge of Indian regulatory bodies. Introduction: India’s financial markets are regulated by various statutory bodies to ensure transparency, efficiency, and investor protection. Several organizations play crucial roles, but one body holds primary … Read more Which statutory body has power regarding stock market regulation? (A) SEBI (B) RBI (C) PFRDA (D) NABARD

Points to Remember: Fiscal deficit represents the gap between government spending and revenue. It’s financed through various means, not just one. Understanding the different financing options is crucial for fiscal management. Introduction: A fiscal deficit occurs when a government’s total expenditure exceeds its total revenue from taxation and other sources during a specific fiscal year. … Read more Fiscal deficit is that part of total government expenditure which is met by (A) Imposing more taxes (B) Borrowings (C) Grants from foreign sources (D) Disinvestment

Points to Remember: The question asks for the current number of WTO member countries. The answer requires factual knowledge. The options provided are specific numbers. Introduction: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and encourages the reduction of trade barriers. Established in 1995, it succeeded the General Agreement on … Read more How many countries of the world are currently members of the WTO? (A) 134 (B) 165 (C) 164 (D) 155

Points to Remember: The National Development Council (NDC) is a crucial body in India’s planning process. Its establishment year is a significant historical marker in India’s development journey. Understanding the NDC’s role requires knowing its formation date. Introduction: The National Development Council (NDC) is a premier body in India responsible for formulating and monitoring the … Read more National Development Council was established in (A) 1952 (B) 1958 (C) 1971 (D) 1964

Keywords: NABARD, RBI, IDBI, Industrial loan, Long-term finance, Short-term loan. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: NABARD’s primary role in rural development and agricultural credit. RBI’s function as the central bank and its focus on monetary policy. IDBI’s historical role and its current focus. The distinction between short-term and long-term finance. Introduction: The question assesses … Read more Which of the following combinations is correct? (A) NABARD – Industrial loan (B) RBI – Long-term finance (C) IDBI – Short-term loan (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: The Green Revolution’s primary focus. Key technological advancements employed. The role of HYV seeds and fertilizers. Distinguishing the Green Revolution from tree plantation programs. Introduction: The Green Revolution, primarily spanning the 1960s and 1970s, was a period of intensified agricultural development aimed at increasing food production to combat widespread hunger and malnutrition. … Read more Green Revolution of 1960 was associated with (A) Use of HYV seeds (B) Tree plantation program (C) Use of synthetic fertilizers (D) None of these

Keywords: Unemployment trap, unemployment benefits, disincentive to work, informal employment, job transitions, technological unemployment. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of definition. Points to Remember: Definition of unemployment trap. Mechanisms contributing to the unemployment trap. Consequences of the unemployment trap. Policy implications and solutions. Introduction: Unemployment, the state of being without a … Read more What is an unemployment trap? (A) A situation when unemployment benefits discourage the unemployed from going to work (B) A situation where people work informally, without proper job contracts and legal protection (C) The time lag between jobs or switching between jobs (D) The loss of jobs due to technological changes

This question requires a factual approach. The keywords are “Task Force on Sustainable Development,” “statements,” and “correct.” The question demands identifying the accuracy of provided statements (which are not included in the prompt, making a full answer impossible). To demonstrate the required approach, I will outline how one would answer such a question if the … Read more Which of the following statements regarding the Task Force on Sustainable Development is correct? (A) Only 1 (B) Only 2 (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

Points to Remember: Sustainable development parameters encompass environmental, social, and economic factors ensuring a balance for present and future generations. Key aspects include resource management, social equity, and economic viability. Gender equality and inter/intra-generational equity are crucial for sustainable development. Carrying capacity is a vital environmental consideration. Introduction: Sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland … Read more Which of the following options is not incorporated as a sustainable development parameter? (A) Gender disparity and diversity (B) Inter and Intra-generational equity (C) Carrying capacity (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: The question requires factual recall regarding the location of a proposed seaweed park in Budget 2021. The answer must be specific and accurate. No analysis or opinion is required. Introduction: Budget 2021, presented by the Indian government, outlined various developmental initiatives across different sectors. One such proposal was the establishment of a … Read more In Budget 2021, a multipurpose seaweed park is proposed in which state? (A) Kerala (B) Andhra Pradesh (C) Odisha (D) Tamil Nadu

Points to Remember: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development. It’s crucial to understand the three core components used in its calculation. Introduction: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used … Read more Which three indicators are used in the Human Development Index (HDI)? (A) Standard of living, Education, Health environment (B) Standard of living, Income, Employment (C) Employment, Health, Literacy (D) None of the above

Points to Remember: The question asks to identify the individual considered the “father of public finance.” The answer requires knowledge of the history of public finance and the contributions of prominent economists. The approach is primarily factual. Introduction: Public finance, a field encompassing government revenue, expenditure, and debt management, has a rich history. Several economists … Read more Who is the father of public finance? (A) Dalton (B) Pigou (C) Smith (D) Musgrave

Points to Remember: The Green Revolution’s core components: increased agricultural production, high-yielding varieties (HYVs), and modern agricultural techniques. Key figure: Norman Borlaug’s contribution to developing HYVs of wheat. Impact of the Green Revolution: both positive and negative consequences. Introduction: The Green Revolution, spanning roughly from the 1940s to the 1970s, was a period of intensive … Read more Choose the correct statement(s) related to the Green Revolution.(i) Increasing agricultural production by incorporating modern tools and techniques(ii) New high-yielding varieties of wheat were developed by Prof. Norman Borlaug and were adopted by a number of countries (A) Only (i) (B) Only (ii) (C) Both (i) and (ii) (D) Neither (i) nor (ii)

Points to Remember: National Population Policy of India’s goals regarding fertility rates, mortality rates, and vital registration. Identifying the goal NOT included in the policy. Introduction: India’s National Population Policy (NPP) of 2000 aimed to address the country’s demographic challenges, focusing on improving reproductive health, reducing mortality rates, and improving the quality of life. While … Read more This is not a goal of National Policy of India. (A) To bring down Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement levels by 2015 (B) To reduce the infant mortality rate to 30 per 1000 live births (C) To reduce maternal mortality rate to 100 per 100,000 live births (D) 100 percent registration of births, deaths, marriages, and pregnancies

Points to Remember: The impact of the Right to Information (RTI) Act and Social Audit on good governance. Both positive and negative aspects of their implementation. Evidence-based arguments supported by examples and case studies. Policy recommendations for improvement. Introduction: Good governance is characterized by transparency, accountability, participation, and responsiveness. The Right to Information (RTI) Act … Read more Do you agree that the Right to Information (RTI) Act and Social Audit have led to Good Governance? Discuss critically.

Points to Remember: National Income: The total value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific period. Three primary methods for measuring National Income: Income method, Production method, Expenditure method. Each method offers a different perspective on the same economic activity. Introduction: National Income accounting is a crucial aspect of macroeconomics, … Read more Which method is used to measure National Income? (A) Income method (B) Production method (C) Expenditure method (D) All of the above

Points to Remember: E-governance’s definition and scope in India. Its impact on transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Challenges faced in its implementation. Success stories and best practices. Future prospects and policy recommendations. Introduction: E-governance, the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to government functions, has emerged as a crucial element of good governance in India. … Read more Discuss the role of e-Governance in India. How has it become an essential component of Good Governance?

Points to Remember: Bureaucracy’s influence on policy creation, implementation, and modification. The District Collector’s multifaceted responsibilities in district governance. Challenges and reforms needed in both bureaucratic processes and district administration. Introduction: This response examines the roles of bureaucracy in policy formulation and the District Collector in district administration. Bureaucracy, a system of government in which … Read more Write notes on the following: (A) Role of Bureaucracy in policy formulation (B) Role of District Collector in District Administration

Keywords: Emergency provisions, Constitution, Political parties, Pressure groups. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion in the policy recommendations section. Points to Remember: Key articles related to emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution. Types and implications of different types of emergencies. Role of political parties in a democracy. Functions and influence … Read more Write notes on the following: (A) Emergency provisions of the Constitution (B) Political parties and pressure groups

Points to Remember: Development administration focuses on achieving development goals through administrative actions. Administrative development focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative system itself. Both are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Introduction: The terms “Development Administration” and “Administrative Development” are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion. However, they represent distinct, albeit interconnected, concepts … Read more Distinguish between Development Administration and Administrative Development.

Points to Remember: Definition and core principles of the doctrine of separation of powers. The three branches of government: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Checks and balances within the Indian system. Limitations and challenges to the doctrine’s application in India. Importance of upholding the separation of powers for a healthy democracy. Introduction: The doctrine of separation … Read more What do you understand by the doctrine of separation of powers? Explain its relevance in the Indian political system.

Points to Remember: Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution Mechanisms for enforcement of Fundamental Rights Challenges in implementation Role of Judiciary, Legislature, and Executive Suggestions for improvement Introduction: The Indian Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights to its citizens: Right to Equality (Article 14-18), Right to Freedom (Article 19-22), Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24), Right to … Read more Write a critical note on the implementation of Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens.

Points to Remember: Increased voter participation Reduced electoral malpractices Enhanced transparency and accountability Improved representation of marginalized groups Strengthening of institutions Introduction: Indian democracy, the world’s largest, relies heavily on the integrity and effectiveness of its electoral system. Since independence, numerous electoral reforms have been implemented to strengthen this system, aiming to ensure free, fair, … Read more How have electoral reforms strengthened Indian democracy? Explain in detail.

Points to Remember: The role and responsibilities of a Minister of State in the Indian Central Government. The distinction between a Minister of State and a Cabinet Minister. The appointment process of a Minister of State. Introduction: The Indian political system operates under a parliamentary form of government. The Council of Ministers, headed by the … Read more What is the position of a Minister of State in the Central Government? (A) He is a Minister of the Central Government but not a member of the Cabinet (B) He looks after the interests of the State Cabinet (C) He is the nominee of the State Governor (D) He is the nominee of the State Cabinet