Points to Remember: Definition and basic functionality of satellites. Categorization of satellites based on orbit and purpose. Diverse applications across various sectors (communication, navigation, Earth observation, etc.). Advantages and limitations of different satellite types. Future trends and advancements in satellite technology. Introduction: Satellites are artificial objects placed into orbit around the Earth or other celestial … Read more What are satellites? Describe the applications of different types of satellites used for different purposes.

Points to Remember: Ecological pyramids represent the trophic structure of an ecosystem. Three main types exist: pyramids of numbers, pyramids of biomass, and pyramids of energy. Each type has its limitations and exceptions. Understanding ecological pyramids helps in analyzing ecosystem stability and productivity. Introduction: Ecological pyramids are graphical representations of the quantitative relationships between different … Read more What do you mean by ecological pyramids? Explain their types.

Points to Remember: Definition and types of agroforestry systems. Environmental benefits (carbon sequestration, biodiversity, soil health). Economic benefits (increased income, diversification). Social benefits (improved livelihoods, food security). Management practices (species selection, site preparation, maintenance). Challenges and limitations of agroforestry. Introduction: Agroforestry is a land use management system that integrates trees and shrubs with crops and/or … Read more What do you mean by Agroforestry? Describe the importance of Agroforestry and its management.

India?s food security system has made significant progress, but challenges remain in distribution efficiency, nutrition quality, and agricultural sustainability. Strengthening PDS reforms, improving storage infrastructure, promoting nutritional security, and addressing agricultural distress are key to ensuring food security for all.

Points to Remember: Definition and causes of the global energy crisis. Types of alternative energy sources (renewable and non-renewable). Advantages and disadvantages of each alternative source. Policy recommendations for transitioning to alternative energy. Importance of sustainable energy solutions. Introduction: The global energy crisis refers to a period of significant energy price volatility and shortages, impacting … Read more What is the global energy crisis? Give a detailed account of alternative sources of energy.

Agricultural Reforms ? Initiatives like the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) aim to improve food production and sustainability.

Minimum Support Price (MSP) Policy ? Ensures farmers get a fair price for their produce, encouraging food production.

Conclusion

Public Distribution System (PDS) ? Ration shops distribute wheat, rice, and other essentials at subsidized rates. The Targeted PDS (TPDS) aims to better identify poor households.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) ? Focuses on nutrition, immunization, and preschool education for children under six and pregnant/lactating mothers.

Mid-Day Meal Scheme ? Provides nutritious meals to school children to improve nutrition and school attendance.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) ? Launched during COVID-19 to provide free food grains to the poor.

National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 ? Provides subsidized food grains to about two-thirds of the population.

Several policy interventions have been undertaken to ensure food security:

Price volatility ? Rising food prices can make essential items unaffordable for the poor.

Agricultural distress ? Farmers face low productivity, high input costs, and poor pricing mechanisms, affecting food production.

Policy Measures for Food Security in India

Inadequate coverage ? The National Food Security Act (NFSA) covers around 67% of the population, but many vulnerable groups still face food insecurity.

Nutritional concerns ? Food security is often equated with calorie intake, ignoring protein and micronutrient deficiencies.

Storage and wastage ? Poor infrastructure leads to food grain spoilage in warehouses.

Exclusion errors ? Many deserving poor people are left out due to errors in the identification of beneficiaries.

Leakages and corruption in PDS ? Diversion of food grains, fake ration cards, and middlemen exploitation.

Flaws in the Indian Food Security Programme

Despite various initiatives, the Indian food security system faces several challenges:

In India, food security is mainly implemented through mechanisms like the Public Distribution System (PDS), Mid-Day Meal Scheme, and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).

Access to food ? Enabling people to obtain food through affordability and distribution mechanisms.

Utilization of food ? Ensuring proper nutrition and absorption of food in the body.

The food security system ensures that all individuals have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to lead healthy lives. It is based on three key components:

Availability of food ? Ensuring adequate food production and supply.

Keywords: Underdeveloped economy, characteristics, Indian economy, reasons. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with a touch of reasoned opinion in assessing the Indian economy’s status. Points to Remember: Defining characteristics of an underdeveloped economy. Key indicators used to classify economies. India’s performance across these indicators. Contrasting aspects of the Indian economy (development alongside underdevelopment). A … Read more Describe the important characteristics of an underdeveloped economy. Do you consider the Indian economy as underdeveloped? Give reasons for your answer.

Keywords: Inclusive growth, Government policies, India. Required Approach: Primarily analytical, with elements of factual description. Points to Remember: Definition of inclusive growth. Key dimensions of inclusive growth (economic, social, environmental). Government policies aimed at inclusive growth in India (with examples). Critical evaluation of these policies â?? successes, failures, and challenges. Suggestions for improvement and a … Read more What do you understand by inclusive growth? Critically examine the Government policies to promote inclusive growth in India.

Concept of Food Security System The food security system ensures that all individuals have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to lead healthy lives. It is based on three key components: Availability of food ? Ensuring adequate food production and supply. Access to food ? Enabling people to obtain food through affordability and distribution … Read more Explain the concept of food security system. What are the flaws in the Indian food security programme? What policy measures have been undertaken to ensure food security for all?

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s fiscal deficit target for 2024-25. Understanding the concept of fiscal deficit and GSDP. Identifying the correct percentage target from the given options. Introduction: The fiscal deficit is a crucial indicator of a state’s financial health. It represents the difference between a government’s total expenditure and its total revenue, excluding borrowings. A … Read more Fiscal deficit of Jharkhand for 2024-25 is targeted at what percent of GSDP? (A) 3% (B) 2% (C) 4% (D) 5%

Keywords: Demographic dividend, India, demographic transition, challenges, risks. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion-based discussion regarding potential solutions. Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of a demographic dividend. India’s current demographic structure and its implications. Opportunities presented by the demographic dividend. Challenges and risks associated with harnessing the dividend. Policy … Read more “India is currently experiencing a demographic dividend.” Explain. Discuss challenges and risks associated with this kind of demographic transition.

Keywords: Net Product Method, Factor Income Method, National Income Estimation, India. Required Approach: Factual and Analytical. Points to Remember: National income can be estimated using different methods, each with strengths and weaknesses. The Net Product Method focuses on the value added at each stage of production. The Factor Income Method focuses on the income earned … Read more Distinguish between the net product method and the factor-income method of estimating national income. Which of these methods are followed in India?

Points to Remember: Kharif crops are sown at the beginning of the monsoon season (June-July) and harvested in the autumn (September-October). The question requires factual knowledge about Kharif crops. Introduction: Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops, are agricultural products cultivated in the rainy season. These crops depend heavily on monsoon rainfall for their growth … Read more Which is not a Kharif crop? (A) Jowar (B) Maize (C) Groundnut (D) Wheat

Points to Remember: Indian Five-Year Plans and their objectives. The focus of each plan on economic growth and social justice. Introduction: India’s Five-Year Plans are a series of centrally-planned economic development programs that have guided the nation’s economic policy since 1951. Each plan has had a specific focus, evolving over time to reflect changing priorities … Read more Which Five-Year Plan focused on â??Growth with social justice and equityâ??? (A) Ninth Five-Year Plan (B) Eighth Five-Year Plan (C) Seventh Five-Year Plan (D) Sixth Five-Year Plan

Points to Remember: Standard of living reflects the overall quality of life. Multiple indicators contribute to measuring standard of living. Per capita income is a key, but not sole, indicator. Introduction: The standard of living refers to the overall quality of life experienced by individuals or a population within a country. It encompasses various aspects, … Read more The standard of living in a country is represented by its (A) Poverty Ratio (B) Per Capita Income (C) National Income (D) Unemployment Rate

This question has two distinct parts. The first requires factual knowledge about irrigation sources in India, while the second demands factual recall of data from the Economic Survey of Jharkhand. The approach is primarily factual. Points to Remember: Irrigation source ranking by irrigated area. Jharkhand’s GSDP growth rate projections. Introduction: India’s agricultural sector heavily relies … Read more Arrange the following sources of irrigation as per descending order of their irrigated areas:(I) Canal (II) Wells & Tube wells (III) Tanks (A) I, II, III (B) II, I, III (C) III, II, I (D) I, III, II According to the Economic Survey of Jharkhand, the GSDP at constant prices was estimated to grow at what rate in FY 2023-24 and in the next year 2024-25? (A) 5.1% and 5.7% (B) 6.1% and 6.7% (C) 7.1% and 7.7% (D) 8.1% and 8.7%

Keywords: Pradhan Mantri Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-KISAN), aim, farmers, income support. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: PM-KISAN’s primary objective. Target beneficiaries. Key features of the scheme. Impact and criticisms (if any). Introduction: The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Yojana is a flagship central government scheme in India aimed at providing income support to … Read more What is the aim of the Pradhan Mantri Samman Nidhi Yojana? (A) Minimum income to the farmers (B) Pension to the farmers (C) Irrigation (D) Free electricity to the farmers

Keywords: Revamped Public Distribution System (PDS), benefits, self-help groups, cooperative societies, remote areas, backward areas, cities. Required Approach: Factual and Analytical. The question requires an analysis of the benefits of the revamped PDS, assessing its impact on different segments of society. While some aspects might touch upon opinion, the core answer needs to be grounded … Read more Revamped Public Distribution System provides benefits to (A) Self-help groups (B) Cooperative societies (C) Remote and backward areas (D) Cities

Keywords: Tax, States, exclusively imposed, collected. Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: The division of tax powers between the Union and States in India. The key characteristics of different taxes in India. The constitutional provisions related to taxation. Introduction: India operates a federal system of governance, where tax powers are divided between the Union (Central … Read more Which of the following is a tax exclusively imposed and collected by the States? (A) Income Tax (B) Corporation Tax (C) GST (D) Land Revenue

Points to Remember: Mid-day Meal Scheme (MDM) Public Distribution System (PDS) Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Poverty alleviation vs. growth-oriented vs. minimum basic needs approaches Introduction: The question asks to classify Mid-day Meal, Public Distribution System, and Integrated Child Development Schemes based on their primary approach to societal development. These three schemes are flagship government … Read more Mid-day meal, public distribution system, and integrated child development schemes are (A) Poverty alleviation approaches (B) Growth-oriented approaches (C) Minimum basic need approaches (D) None of these

Keywords: Jharkhand Government, employment schemes, sustainable development, new assets, Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Scheme (VSPHKVS), Nilamber Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana (NPJSY), Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY). Required Approach: Factual. This question requires identifying the correct set of schemes launched by the Jharkhand government. The approach is … Read more The Jharkhand Government has launched three employment schemes focusing on the long-term goals of sustainable development and creating new assets in the State. Identify the correct set of schemes. (A) Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Scheme (VSPHKVS), Nilamber Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana (NPJSY) (B) Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Scheme (VSPHKVS), Nilamber Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana (NPJSY), Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY) (C) Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Nilamber Pitamber Jal Samridhi Yojana (NPJSY), Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY) (D) Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY), Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Scheme (VSPHKVS)

Points to Remember: Atmanirbhar Bharat: A self-reliant India initiative. Import Substitution: Reducing reliance on imported goods. Export Industrialization: Boosting domestic production for global markets. Introduction: The “Atmanirbhar Bharat” (Self-Reliant India) scheme, launched by the Indian government, aims to make India economically self-sufficient and globally competitive. While the precise definition and scope have been subject to … Read more â??Atmanirbhar Bharatâ?? scheme focuses on which of the following? (A) Import substitution (B) Export industrialization (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Points to Remember: The Bretton Woods system was a post-World War II international monetary system. The system’s core was the US dollar’s convertibility to gold. The system faced several challenges leading to its eventual collapse. The collapse involved liquidity, adjustment, and confidence issues. Introduction: The Bretton Woods system, established in 1944, aimed to create a … Read more The fundamental cause for the collapse of the Bretton Woods system was (A) The liquidity problem (B) The adjustment problem (C) The confidence problem (D) All of these