Struggle for Raising Women’s status : Abolition of Sati System, Widow Marriage Act, Consent Bill,Stress on Female education

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Struggle for Raising Women’s status Patriarchy remains deeply entrenched in Indian social structure, influencing the structure of its political and social institutions and determining the opportunities open to women and men. The negotiation and conflict between patriarchy and the women’s movement are central to the Struggle for Raising Women’s status in Indian Society. Ignorance and … Read more Struggle for Raising Women’s status : Abolition of Sati System, Widow Marriage Act, Consent Bill,Stress on Female education

Social Reforms Movements in Muslim Community : Wahabi Movement & AliRarh Movement

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The Muslims reformers in India launched many religious movements. Some tried to revive the religion and other tried to reform the religion. During the 19th century religion reforms movement were on the peak. Movements like Deoband Movement, Ahamadiya movement, Aligarh Movement; Wahabi Movement has influenced the masses and made them think about their religion and … Read more Social Reforms Movements in Muslim Community : Wahabi Movement & AliRarh Movement

ENZYMES

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ENZYMES Enzyme, a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes. Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place … Read more ENZYMES

Social Reforms Movements in Hindu Community : Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission, Prarthann Samaj and Theosophical Society of India.

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Reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Jyotiba Phule, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Pandita Ramabai understood that ignorance and backwardness in the society was responsible for hindering its progress and development. They studied the religious scriptures and criticized the prevalent religious and social practices. According to them, society should be based … Read more Social Reforms Movements in Hindu Community : Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission, Prarthann Samaj and Theosophical Society of India.

Nuclear Energy : its merits and demerits

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Nuclear Energy Introduction Global energy demand continues to climb as the industrialized world’s energy use rises, millions pull themselves out of poverty in developing countries, and the world population expands. Thus, the debate over the energy supply of the future intensifies. This debate is complicated by ongoing global climate destabilization as a result of green … Read more Nuclear Energy : its merits and demerits

TRENDS IN NUCLEAR POLICY, NPT AND CTBT

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  Nuclear policy of india Important points of india’s nuclear policy are as follows: Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent. nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian Territory or on Indian forces elsewhere. Nuclear retaliation to a first strike will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable … Read more TRENDS IN NUCLEAR POLICY, NPT AND CTBT

National Policy for Science and Technology

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The thrust of the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958 was on capacity-building in advancement of science as the foundation for making a strong nation, which had just freed itself from the shackles of colonial domination . The focus of the Technology Policy Statement, 1983 was attainment of technological self-reliance and building of national strength by reducing … Read more National Policy for Science and Technology

Revolt of 1857

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Introduction During the Governor-General Lord Canning May 11, 1857. The Meerut incident. Capture of Delhi. Proclaiming B S Jazar as the emperor. Almost half the Company’s sepoy strength of 232224 opted out of their loyalty to their regimental colours. Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal; Bareilly: Khan Bahadur; Jagdishpur (Ara): Kunwar Singh; Jhansi: Rani … Read more Revolt of 1857

Resistance to Colonial Rule; Peasant; Tribal and Cultural Renaissance

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Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings The backbone of the rebellions, their mass base and striking power came from the rack-rented peasants, ruined artisans and demobilized soldiers CAUSES The major cause of the civil rebellions was the rapid changes the British introduced in the economy, administration and land revenue system. The revenues were enhanced by increasing … Read more Resistance to Colonial Rule; Peasant; Tribal and Cultural Renaissance

Beginning of European settlements:Formation and growth of East India Company; Consolidation of British power in India : Battles of Plassey and Buxar; Control over Mysore; Subsidiary Alliance; Doctrine of Lapse; Doctrine of Escheat

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Beginning of European settlements:Formation and growth of East India Company;  Luxury goods produced in east asian countries such as pepper, spices such as cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg, silks, cottons, tea and coffee were in great demand in Europe.These luxury goods from the East Indies came to Europe in small quantities via complex trade routes. Several … Read more Beginning of European settlements:Formation and growth of East India Company; Consolidation of British power in India : Battles of Plassey and Buxar; Control over Mysore; Subsidiary Alliance; Doctrine of Lapse; Doctrine of Escheat

Leadership and its qualities

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Leadership is the process, which influences the people and inspires them to willingly accomplish the organisational objectives. The main purpose of managerial leadership isto gets willing cooperation of the workgroup to achieve the goals. Leadership is the ability to persuade and motivate others to work in desired way for achieving the goals. Thus, a person … Read more Leadership and its qualities

Public Administration and management: Meaning, nature and significance

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The English word  administer‘ is derived from a combination of two Latin words and ?ministrate‘ meaning ?to serve or manage‘. Literally, the term means management the affairs of public or private. Administration refers to mobilisation of resources – human and material- to achieve pre-set of objectives. Administration is thus an activity undertaken in pursuit of … Read more Public Administration and management: Meaning, nature and significance

06/07/2017 Jharkhand current affairs

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Jharkhand   9 Jharkhand ministers were at IIM-A to hone leadership   Nine of Jharkhand’s 11 ministers have arrived at the Indian Institute of Management-Ahmedabad (IIM-A) to take management lessons in a three-day leadership development programme.   Only Jharkhand chief minister Raghubar Das and his agriculture minister Randhir Kumar Singh are not attending the programme.     … Read more 06/07/2017 Jharkhand current affairs

VITAMINS

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VITAMINS Vitamins are organic compounds which are needed in small quantities to sustain life. We need to take vitamins from food because the human body either does not produce enough of them or none at all. There are two types of vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the fatty tissues of the body … Read more VITAMINS

Religious Movements: The Bhakti movement

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The Bhakti movement in Indian history represents a movement that popularized devotional surrender to a personally conceived supreme God. Its origins are traced to the Brahamanical and Buddhist traditions of ancient India. It was in south India that it grew from a religious tradition into a popular movement based on religious equality and broad based … Read more Religious Movements: The Bhakti movement

The Delhi Sultanate : Market and Military Reforms of Allauddin Khilji;Utopian policies of Muhainmad-bin-Tughlaq.

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Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghori, leaving his Indian territories in the charge of his trusted general Qutub-ud –din Aibak. After Ghori’s death in 1206, Qutub-ud-din Aibak proclaimed himself as the ruler of the Turkish territories in India. He took the title of Sultan and made Delhi his capital. This marked the beginning of The Delhi … Read more The Delhi Sultanate : Market and Military Reforms of Allauddin Khilji;Utopian policies of Muhainmad-bin-Tughlaq.

05/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

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Jharkhand   9 Jharkhand ministers were at IIM-A to hone leadership.   Nine of Jharkhand’s 11 ministers have arrived at the Indian Institute of Management-Ahmedabad (IIM-A) to take management lessons in a three-day leadership development programme. Only Jharkhand chief minister Raghubar Das and his agriculture minister Randhir Kumar Singh are not attending the programme.   The key … Read more 05/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

Theories of Evolution of Life on earth, including Human Evolution

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THEORIES OF EVOLUTION Evolution, simply put, is descent with modification. This definition encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next) and large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations). Evolution helps us to understand the history of life. Evolution is not … Read more Theories of Evolution of Life on earth, including Human Evolution

Bio molecules – structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.Vitamins and deficiency diseases, Enzymes, Hormones – Plant hormones and growth regulation.Animal hormones and their functions.

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BIOMOLECULES There is vast diversity of living organisms. The chemical compositon and metabolic reactions of the organisms appear to be similar. The composition of living tissues and non-living matter also appear to be similar in qualitative analysis.Closer analysis reveals that the relative abundance of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is higher in living system.  All forms … Read more Bio molecules – structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.Vitamins and deficiency diseases, Enzymes, Hormones – Plant hormones and growth regulation.Animal hormones and their functions.

Diversity of organism

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  Each organism is different from other organisms. The total number of species living on the planet is imprecisely known and published estimates vary from 12 million to over 100 million. This is because there are large numbers of species yet undiscovered and undescribed, and there is not always agreement on whether certain organisms should … Read more Diversity of organism

02/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

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Jharkhand   Education equality a must for standard academics’ Quality of education in the state came in for some criticism as experts from various fields brainstormed on means to improve the academic standards. Former foreign secretary Muchkund Dubeysaid at a conference on quality of education in Jharkhand, that simplicity and equality in education is a must to … Read more 02/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

01/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

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Jharkhand   ADB pledges $10bn for infra projects. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) committed $10 billion support for infrastructure building and immediate development needs of less-developed states in the country.   Besides, the Manila-based multi-lateral funding agency decided to increase the annual funding by $ 1 billion to $4 billion. ADB expects India to grow by 7.4% … Read more 01/07/2017- JPSC Daily Current Affairs

Soil fertility status of Jharkhand- Application of Vermi compost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) for improving soil health. Nitrogen fixing bacteria; their applications and Concept of Organic farming

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Soil Fertility status of Jharkhand According to GIS based data, Soil fertility can be mapped. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are the major constituents, whichare considered important for soil fertility. Presence Lohardaga and Simdega districts have less presence of Nitrogen in the soil as compared to other districts. Palmau, Chatar, Kodarma, Giridh, Dumka, Godda, Sahibganj has … Read more Soil fertility status of Jharkhand- Application of Vermi compost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) for improving soil health. Nitrogen fixing bacteria; their applications and Concept of Organic farming

Rain fed agriculture: Conventional food and horticultural crops of the state.Need for diversification of crops for food as well as nutritional security in the wake of climate change; Rain water harvesting and its role in improving agriculture output in Jharkhand; Fish farming

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Rain fed agriculture Rain fed agriculture indicated rain as source of irrigation for agricultural activities. In India, almost 60% of total net sown area comes under rainfed lands. Rainfed crops account for 48 percent area under food crops and 68 percent under non-food crops. India ranks first among the rainfed agricultural countries of the world in … Read more Rain fed agriculture: Conventional food and horticultural crops of the state.Need for diversification of crops for food as well as nutritional security in the wake of climate change; Rain water harvesting and its role in improving agriculture output in Jharkhand; Fish farming

Different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone

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ADifferent agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone. Three Agro-Climatic zones of Jharkhand are: Western Plateau Zone Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone South Eastern Plateau Zone Agro-Climatic Zone of Jharkhand Region Name Districts Name  Western Plateau Zone Bokaro Latehar Lohardanga Gumla Hazaribagh   Palamau   Ranchi Simdega Chatara … Read more Different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, rain fall pattern and known abiotic stresses in each zone

The living world, Cell-Structure and its functions, Diversity of organism

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The living world Objects having characteristics of cellular organization, growth, reproduction, ability to sense environment and give response are living organisms. There are some important features of living organisms: It should grow, which means its structure changes as time goes by in an advantageous manner. It should show adaptation to the environment. It should maintain … Read more The living world, Cell-Structure and its functions, Diversity of organism

Functioning under a Coalition Government

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Coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. Coalition governments are usually formed as no party can individually achieve a majority in the parliament. However, a coalition government may also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis. If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held … Read more Functioning under a Coalition Government

Principles of Natural justice & Rule of Law

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  Rule of Law may be defined as a principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures … Read more Principles of Natural justice & Rule of Law

Provisions relating to Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribal Areas.

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“The Scheduled Areas” are those tribal inhabited areas which are located in other parts of the country than the North-East India. These areas are located in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Orissa and Rajasthan. Besides these areas, some other regions of the country also are governed … Read more Provisions relating to Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribal Areas.

Political Parties and Pressure Groups.

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Political Parties and Elections Political parties are an established part of modern mass democracy, and the conduct of elections in India is largely dependent on the behaviour of political parties. Although many candidates for Indian elections are independent, the winning candidates for Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections usually stand as members of political parties, … Read more Political Parties and Pressure Groups.

State Executive : Powers and functions of Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers

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Constitution of Indian under article 163 states that  There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except in so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them … Read more State Executive : Powers and functions of Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers

State Executive : Powers and functions of Governor

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The Governor is the head of the state executive. He is also the representative of the Centre in  the  state.  The Governor acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies in the hand of the  Chief Ministers of the states and the Chief Minister’s Council of Ministers. Article 153 of the Constitution states … Read more State Executive : Powers and functions of Governor

State Legislature : Organization, Powers and functions, with special reference to Jharkhand

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Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the state legislature.In most of the States, the Legislature consists of the Governor and the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). This means that these State have unicameral Legislature. In a Six States( … Read more State Legislature : Organization, Powers and functions, with special reference to Jharkhand

High Court: Organization, Powers and functions

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The India High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create High Courts for various provinces and abolished Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns. These High Courts had the distinction of being the highest Courts for all cases till the creation of Federal Court of India, which … Read more High Court: Organization, Powers and functions

Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers

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The executive powers of the President are exercised by the Council of Ministers. The Constitution provides that “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President in the excercise of his functions”. Here the word “shall” indicates that the President cannot function without the … Read more Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers

Powers and functions of The Vice President

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Vice-President performs a dual role : (1) as Vice-President (2) as the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha which means that whosoever is the Vice-President, he/she presides over the Rajya Sabha and performs normal duties of a presiding officer. These include maintenance of order in the House, allowing … Read more Powers and functions of The Vice President

Planning Strategy : Objectives and strategy of Indian Five Year Plans

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First Plan (1951 – 56) Target Growth : 2.1 % Actual Growth 3.6 % It was based on Harrod-Domar Model. Influx of refugees, severe food shortage & mounting inflation confronted the country at the onset of the first five year Plan. The Plan Focussed on agriculture, price stability, power and transport It was a successful … Read more Planning Strategy : Objectives and strategy of Indian Five Year Plans

Decentralized Planning : Meaning and importance; and decentralised planning; major initiatives in India

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Decentralized Planning is a type of planning where local organisations and institutions formulate, adopt, execute actions and supervise the plan without interference by the central body. Decentralized planning in the State operated mainly through the following institutions and instruments; Grama Sabha (GS): People’s participation in decentralization was sought to be ensured mainly through meetings of … Read more Decentralized Planning : Meaning and importance; and decentralised planning; major initiatives in India

Food and Nutritional Security : Trends In Food production and consumption in India

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India is the third largest producer of cereals, with only China and the USA ahead of it. India occupies the first position in milk production and is the third largest producer of fish and second largest producer of inland fisheries in the world. According to ministry of Agriculture ,India is likely to produce a record … Read more Food and Nutritional Security : Trends In Food production and consumption in India

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