Science

Bt brinjal is the first food crop under evaluation for commercial release in India. Since its development in 2000, the crop has undergone rigorous scientific evaluation to assess its food safety, environmental safety, human and animal health safety and biodiversity. Rigorous scientific tests, including toxicity and allergenicity evaluation as well as nutritional studies on rabbits, … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the Regulatory mechanism for bt brinjal in India.

Biotech-KISAN scheme is a farmer centric scheme for farmers, developed by and with farmers. It is a Pan-India program, following a hub-and spoke model and stimulates entrepreneurship and innovation in farmers and empowers women. The Biotech- KISAN Hubs are expected to fulfil the technology requirement to generate agriculture and bio-resource related jobs and better livelihood … Read more DMPQ- Biotech-KISAN scheme

Gaseous refinery products include hydrogen, fuel gas, ethane, propane, and butane. Most of the hydrogen is consumed in refinery desulfurization facilities, which remove hydrogen sulfide from the gas stream and then separate that compound into elemental hydrogen and sulfur; small quantities of the hydrogen may be delivered to the refinery fuel system. Refinery fuel gas … Read more DMPQ- Mention the uses and properties of Gaseous refinery products .

The lymphatic system has three primary functions: Fluid balance The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance. It returns excess fluid and proteins from the tissues that cannot be returned through the blood vessels.  The fluid is found in tissue spaces and cavities, in the tiny spaces surrounding cells, known as the interstitial spaces. These are … Read more DMPQ- What are the Functions of lymph system?

Renovascular hypertension Renovascular hypertension is high blood pressure due to narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the kidneys. This condition is also called renal artery stenosis. renal artery stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys.  The most common cause of renal artery stenosis is a … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Diseases related to kidney.

To describe the phenomena related to magnets, lines are used to depict the force existing in the area surrounding the magnet. These lines are called the magnetic lines of force. These lines do not exist actually, but are imaginary lines that are used to illustrate and describe the pattern of the magnetic field. As shown … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Magnetic lines of force and their properties.

Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has beenmodified using genetic engineering techniques. The aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in thespecies. In food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmentalconditions, and improving the nutrient profile of the crop. … Read more DMPQ:Write short note on Genetic modified crops.

Hydrogen bombs are thermonuclearweapons which employs fusion of isotopes ofhydrogen. The result is greatly increased explosivepower when compared to single-stage fissionweapons.The energy released in a Hydrogen bombis several magnitudes higher than anAtom bomb. A fusion bomb is more sophisticated anddifficult to make, since it requires a muchhigher temperature — in the order ofmillions of degrees … Read more DMPQ:What is the working principle of Hydrogen Bomb?

The Mission envisages empowering our national academic and R&D institutions spread over the country by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities. These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the National Knowledge Network (NKN). The Mission would be implemented and steered jointly by the … Read more DMPQ- Write Short Note on National Supercomputing Mission. (SCIENCE)

Local Area Network (LAN) It is also called LAN and designed for small physical areas such as an office, group of buildings or a factory. LANs are used widely as it is easy to design and to troubleshoot. Personal computers and workstations are connected to each other through LANs. We can use different types of … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by Local Area Network (LAN)? Explain its applications.

Linear motion, also called uniform motion or rectilinear motion, motion in one spatial dimension.  According to Newton’s first law (also known as the principle of inertia), a body with no net force acting on it will either remain at rest or continue to move with uniform speed in a straight line, according to its initial … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by Linear motion

Applications of tissue culture Rapid Clonal Propagation A clone is a group of individuals or cells derived from a single parent individual or cell through asexual reproduction. All the cells in callus or suspension culture are derived from a single explants by mitotic division. Therefore, all plantlets regenerated from a callus/suspension culture generally have the … Read more DMPQ- Explain the main Applications of tissue culture.

Applications of hydraulic pressure Hydraulic Lifts and Fluid Power Blaise Pascal derived a law that explains how people can harness the power of fluids. When you apply pressure to liquid in a confined container, that pressure transmits equally to all other points in the container. According to the law, it’s also possible for a hydraulic … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Applications of hydraulic pressure

Electrical transformers can be classified into different categories depending upon their end-use, construction, supply, and purpose. On the Basis of Design Core Type Transformer This transformer features two horizontal sections with two vertical limbs and a rectangular core with a magnetic circuit. Cylindrical coils (HV and LV) are placed on the central limb of the core … Read more DMPQ- What are the different Types of Electrical transformers ?

Applications of atmospheric pressure Drinking Straw  When drinking with a straw, one has to suck the straw. This causes the pressure in hte straw to decrease. The external atmospheric pressure, which is greater, will then act on the surface of the water in the glass, causing it to rise through the straw. Rubber Sucker  When … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Applications of atmospheric pressure.

Stem Cells: Stem cells are a class of undifferentiatedcells that are able to differentiate into specialized celltypes. Commonly, stem cells are of the followingtypes: Embryonic stem cells – derived from the inner cellmass of an embryo and these are capable offorming any cell types of the bodyAdult stem cells – also known as somatic stem … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on stem cells. (SCIENCE)

Biofertilisersare organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. Rhizobium bacteria is found in symbiotic assosiation the root nodules of leguminousplants. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used bythe plant as nutrient.Azotobacter and Azospirillum also fix atmospheric nitrogen, but these … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Bio fertiliser(Science)

Powder and liquid detergent can be used for other purposes besides cleaning clothes or dishes. This can save you money from having to buy multiple cleaning products. All-Purpose Cleaner Either form of detergent can be used to clean tiles, floors, counters, tubs and toilets. Mix 3/4 of a cup of bleach, 1 cup of detergent … Read more DMPQ- What are the important uses of a detergent?

Aloe vera: It can be used as a topical agent for soothing burns and can be ingested to reduce post-meal glucose highs associated with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Black cohosh: The roots and rhizomes of this flowering plant can help treat hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. The plant was used medicinally to treat menopause … Read more DMPQ- Explain the important herbal medicines with their uses.

Improvement in Yield Gene technology plays important role in increasing the productivity of food, fibre and vegetable crops ensuring food security which is essential for international peace and stability. Thus it is an important mean to fight hunger. The transgenes generally are not yield enhancing genes. The increase in yield or productivity is achieved by … Read more DMPQ- What are the Main Advantages of Transgenic Plant?

Urbanization is a key environmental issue as well. The rapid pace at which urbanization is taking place in the developing world has an impact on climate change and other global environmental issues. Cities account for more than two-thirds of the global energy demand and result in up to 80 per cent of global greenhouse gas … Read more DMPQ- Examine the Role of Science and Technology in Urbanisation.

The key functions of DAPCUS are: DAPCUs, through active engagement of the district administration mobilise response from allied line departments and private sector in mainstreaming the programme. Initiates evidence based district-specific initiatives by leveraging local resources. Facilitates in linking vulnerable population with various social entitlement and welfare schemes under the mechanism of DAPCU led single … Read more DMPQ- What are the key functions of DAPCU (District AIDS Prevention and Control Unit)?

Adaptive immunity develops when innate immunity is ineffective in eliminating infectious agents and the infection is established. The primary functions of the adaptive immune response are the recognition of specific “non-self” antigens in the presence of “self” antigens; the generation of pathogen-specific immunologic effector pathways that eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells; and the development … Read more DMPQ- What do you understand by Adaptive immunity ?

Defluoridation is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals. Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth’s potable water. An excess of fluoride … Read more DMPQ- Explain the method of Defluoridation for water purification.

Live vaccines are derived from “wild,” or disease-causing, viruses or bacteria. These wild viruses or bacteria are attenuated, or weakened, in a laboratory, usually by repeated culturing. For example, the measles virus used as a vaccine today was isolated from a child with measles disease in 1954. Almost 10 years of serial passage using tissue … Read more DMPQ- Examine the process of Live Attenuated Vaccines .

Distillation is a water purification method that utilizes heat to collect pure water in the form of vapor. This method is effective by the scientific fact that water has a lower boiling point than other contaminants and disease-causing elements found in water. Water is subjected to a heat source until it attains its boiling point. … Read more DMPQ- Explain the method of Distillation for water purification.

The first human vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create a vaccine for humans. Egg-Based … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Traditional methods of vaccine production.

Chlorine is a powerful chemical that has been in use for many years to treat water for home consumption. Chlorine is an effective water purification method that kills germs, parasites and other disease-causing organisms found in ground or tap water. Water can be purified using chlorine tablets or liquid chlorine. As an off-the-shelf water purification … Read more DMPQ- Explain the method of Chlorination for water purification.

The spine is made up of 26 bones divided into 5 sections. These bones surround and protect the spinal cord. This includes 24 vertebrae (divided into cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions), the sacrum and the coccyx. Cervical region: These are 7 vertebrae at the top of the spine that run from the base of the … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Structure and function of the spine

In order to form a zygote, male gametes in pollen grains have to fuse with egg in the ovule. This is achieved by the process called pollination. Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther – male part of a flower, to the stigma – female part of a flower. Depending on … Read more DMPQ- Define pollination and its types.

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems contact the treated secondary wastewater with UV light bulbs that are encased in clear housings. The UV light kills pathogenic organisms by using a germicidal photochemical wavelength. Unlike chlorination, UV leaves no residual in the wastewater with which to be concerned. Plants that use UV must either have dual UV systems … Read more DMPQ- Explain Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems

Different types of robots can performs different types of tasks. For example, many of the robots are made for assembly work which means that they are not relevant for any other work and these types of robots are called Assembly Robots. Similarly, for seam welding many suppliers provide robots with their welding materials and these … Read more DMPQ- Mention the various applications of Robotics

In the 60s and 70s, developed nations like the US, UK, Germany, France and Japan were racing ahead by developing newer technologies and consumer products that were change lifestyles leading to a shift from conservative to indulgent energy consumption. Everything seemed fine until leading oil producing nations, grouped under OPEC and led by the largest … Read more DMPQ- What are the threats for Energy security of India?

During the past decade, the United States and Russia have joined in a number of efforts to reduce the danger posed by the enormous quantity of weapons-usable material withdrawn from nuclear weapons. Other countries and various private groups have assisted in this task. But many impediments have prevented effective results, and most of the dangers … Read more DMPQ- What do you understand by the Risk of nuclear proliferation

INS Viraat is the longest serving warship in the world. It hold the Guinness Books of record  INS Viraat was first commissioned into the British Royal Navy as the HMS Hermes on November 18, 1959, 15 years after she was laid down in June, 1944.  She served as the flagship of the Royal Navy’s task … Read more DMPQ-INS Viraat.

1) GSAT-7A:    GSAT-7A with a lift-off mass of 2250 kg, is a geostationary satellite carrying communication transponders in Ku-band. The Satellite is built to provide communication capability to the users over the Indian region. It was launched by the GSLV-F11 launchpad.  It is ISRO’s 7th flight with indigenous upper stage cryogenic engine.  The four liquid … Read more DMPQ- Write short note on following: a) GSAT-7A b) GSAT 11

Recognizing the crucial role of technology and innovation in economic development, India’s policy makers have taken several initiatives to promote science, technology and innovation. Various schemes have been launched to attract, nurture and retain young researchers and women scientists in the field of scientific research. Some important achievements in the field of science and technology … Read more DMPQ- Comment on the current status of Technology and Innovation in India.

GP-write will include whole genome engineering of human cell lines and other organisms of agricultural and public health significance. Thus, the Human Genome Project-write (HGP-write) will be a critical core activity within GP-write focused on synthesizing human genomes in whole or in part. It will also be explicitly limited to work in cells, and organoids derived … Read more DMPQ:HGP Write project and significance

A hydroelectric power plant consists of a high dam that is built across a large river to create a reservoir, and a station where the process of energy conversion to electricity takes place.The first step in the generation of energy in a hydropower plant is the collection of run-off of seasonal rain and snow in … Read more DMPQ:How energy is generated in Hydroelectric power plant?

The Earth BioGenome Project, a Moon Shot for biology, aims to sequence, catalogue and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity over a period of ten years. The Earth BioGenome Project will create a new foundation for biology, informing a broad range of major issues facing humanity, such as the impact of climate … Read more DMPQ- What is EarthBiogenome Project?

Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.Dengue fever is caused by a virus, and there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it. For typical dengue fever, the treatment is directed toward relief of the symptoms (symptomatic treatment). Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of … Read more DMPQ- Write short note on Dengue Fever.

Chikungunya is a viral disease (genus Alphavirus) which is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The name chikungunya originates from a verb in the Kimakonde language, meaning ‘to become contorted’. This refers to the ‘stooped’ appearance of those suffering with joint pain. Symptoms Symptoms appear between 4 and 7 days after the … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on chikungunya.

Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite during the day.Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on Zika Virus.

The Mission envisages empowering national academic and R&D institutions spread over the country by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities.  These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the National Knowledge Network (NKN). The NKN is another programme of the government which connects academic … Read more DMPQ- National supercomputing mission.

Based on his observations on monohybrid crosses Mendel proposed two general rules to consolidate his understanding of inheritance in monohybrid crosses. Today these rules are called the Principles or Laws of Inheritance: the First Law or Law of Dominance and the Second Law or Law of Segregation. Law of Dominance Characters are controlled by discrete … Read more DMPQ- Mendel law of inheritance.

Universal Health coverage means accessibility of health care to one and all without creating financial hardship. According to WHO, out of pocket expenditure in health sector is 63% whereas the recommended level is 10-15%. There are problems associated with health sector: Expenditure on health is just 2.5% of GDP it has to be near about … Read more DMPQ: What is Universal Health Coverage ? Discuss the problem with Health Sector in India?

A Cryogenic rocket stage is more efficient and provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant it burns compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellant rocket stages. Specific impulse (a measure of the efficiency) achievable with cryogenic propellants (liquid Hydrogen and liquid Oxygen) is much higher compared to earth storable liquid and solid propellants, giving … Read more DMPQ- Cryogenic engine. (SCIENCE)

Contribution of Indian  Scientist:   Scientist Achievement Homi Jehangir Baba Father of Indian Nuclear Programme, Carried out first nuclear test 1974, Atomic energy establishment was renamed Bhabha Atomic research centre. Venkatraman Ramakrishna Indian origin biologist cum scientist won nobel prize in 2009 in chemistry. He pioneered in the studies of the structure and function of … Read more Quick Revision- Contribution of Indian Scientist

India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C45)  successfully launched EMISAT and 28 international customer satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR in Sriharikota. This flight marked the first mission of PSLV-QL, a new variant of PSLV with four strap-on motors. EMISAT is a satellite built around ISRO’s Mini Satellite-2 bus weighing about 436 kg. The … Read more DMPQ- PSLV-C45

Petroleum coke or pet coke, is a solid carbon rich(90% carbon and 3% to 6% sulfur) material derivedfrom oil refining. It is categorized as a “bottom of the barrel” fuel.It is a dirtier alternative to coal and emits 11% moregreenhouse gases than coal and nearly 17 timesmore sulphur than coal. Petcoke is a source of … Read more DMPQ:What is Pet coke?