HAZARIBAG

Important Formulas – Mixtures and Alligations

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  Alligation It is the rule which enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of a specified price. Mean Price Mean price is the cost price of a unit quantity of the mixture   Suppose a container contains x … Read more Important Formulas – Mixtures and Alligations

Governmental policies for food and nutritional security

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According to the 1996 World Food Summit, food security exists “when every person has physical and economic access at all times to healthy and nutritious food in sufficient quantity to cover the needs of their daily ration and food preferences, in order to live a healthy and active life.”   The nutritional dimension is an integral … Read more Governmental policies for food and nutritional security

Horticulture and Irrigation of Jharkhand

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Horticulture Plantation and Horticulture sector is one of the important sub sectors agriculture, having ample scope for expansion in the State of Jharkhand. The total area. occupied by various Plantation and Hoticulture (P&H) crop in the State is about 2.57 lakh ha., with an estimated total production of 37.85 lakh  tones  The share of P&H … Read more Horticulture and Irrigation of Jharkhand

Evolution of Indian Constitution

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  Although the systems of ancient India do have their reflections in the Constitutions of India, the direct sources of the Constitution lie in the administrative and legislative developments of the British period.   Regulating Act of 1773 This Act was based on the report of a committee headed by the British Prime Minister Lord … Read more Evolution of Indian Constitution

Art, Culture, Literature and Architecture

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Harappan art 2500 1800 BC

  • Also known as the bronze age
  • Architecture refers to designing of and construction of buildings where are the sculpture is a three-dimensional work of art
  • In architecture ,various types of materials are used that is a stone , wood, glass, metal  etc .where as sculpture is made of single piece of material.
  • Architecture involves study of engineering And Engineering Mathematics and depends upon measurements, where as sculpture involves creativity and imagination , may not depend on measurements.

Read moreArt, Culture, Literature and Architecture

An Overview of Jharkhand Economy

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  Economy growth of Jharkhand has been slow in comparison with the national average. The economy depends mostly on mineral resources, industries, agricultural, and tourism sectors. The State’s Gross Domestic Product amounted to US $ 14 billion in 2004, which moved to US $ 22.46 billion in 2010-11. Jharkhand‘s per capita income increased by 40.82 … Read more An Overview of Jharkhand Economy

Conventional and Non Conventional Sources of Energy

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Conventional and Non Conventional Sources of Energy Main Sources of Energy: The sources of energy are of following types: Conventional Sources of Energy: These sources of energy are also called non renewable sources. These sources of energy are in limited quantity except hydro-electric power. (a) Coal and Lignite: Coal is the major source of energy. Coal … Read more Conventional and Non Conventional Sources of Energy

Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India

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                        Project River State     56.   Damodar Valley Project Damodar West Bengal & Jharkhand. It includes Maithon                 & Tilaiya Dam on Barakar river in Bihar, Konar                 … Read more Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India

Important Ancient Terms

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Lohit Ayas Copper Syam Ayas Iron Vanik Traders Gramini Village Head Bhagadugha Tax collector Sthapati Chief Judge Takshan Carpenter Niska Unit of currency Satamana Unit of currency Pana Term used for coin Shresthi Guilds Vihara Buddhist Monastery Chaitya Sacred Enclosure Pradeshika Head of district Administration Nagarka City administration Jesthaka Chief of a Guild Prathamakulika Chief … Read more Important Ancient Terms

Direct & Indirect Taxes

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    Direct & Indirect Taxes   Direct Tax   Indirect Tax     Corporation Tax   Excise Duties     Income Tax   Service Tax     Interest Tax   Central Value Added Tax (Vat)     Expenditure Tax   Sales Tax     Wealth Tax   Property Tax     Gift Tax   … Read more Direct & Indirect Taxes

The Mauryas : Extent of empire, Kalinga War and its Impact; Asoka’s Dhamma, Foreign Policy, Development of Art & Architecture during the Mauryan period

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  Foundation of the Mauryan Empire: The foundation of the Maurya Empire in 321 B.C. by Chandragupta Maurya was a unique event in history. Particularly in view of the fact that it was found shortly after Alexander’s victorious campaigns in North-West India during 327 B.C. – 325 B.C. There is no unanimity with regard to … Read more The Mauryas : Extent of empire, Kalinga War and its Impact; Asoka’s Dhamma, Foreign Policy, Development of Art & Architecture during the Mauryan period

Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India

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Damodar Valley Project—- Damodar—– West Bengal & Jharkhand. It includes Maithon & Tilaiya Dam on Barakar river in Bihar, Konar Dam (Konar river) & Panchet Dam (Damodar). Rihand Dam —-Rihand —–Uttar Pradesh Nagarjunasagar Project —–Krishna—- Andhra Pradesh. Consists of two canals – Lal Bahadur Canal (Left) & Jawahar canal (Right). Tungabhadra Project Tungabhadra JV of … Read more Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India

Structure, relief and physiographic divisions

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  Three Geological divisions: The peninsular block The Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain   Peninsualar block is made of gneisses (metamorphic) and granites (igneous). Six physiographic divisions: The Northern and North-eastern Mountains The Northern Plain The Peninsular Plateau The Indian Desert The Coastal Plains The Islands Northern and North-Eastern Mountains Approximate length of … Read more Structure, relief and physiographic divisions

Space Technology- Indian space programs.

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  Application of Satellites for different purposes   Despite being a developing economy with its attendant problems, India has effectively developed space technology and has applied it successfully for its rapid development and today is offering a variety of space services globally. Indian Space Program: During the formative decade of 1960s, space research was conducted … Read more Space Technology- Indian space programs.

Historical Underpinning and Evolution

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  Evolution of Indian Constitution Although the systems of ancient India do have their reflections in the Constitutions of India, the direct sources of the Constitution lie in the administrative and legislative developments of the British period.   Regulating Act of 1773 This Act was based on the report of a committee headed by the … Read more Historical Underpinning and Evolution

23 & 24.09.17 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs

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JHARKHAND   Tiger census to be soon in state.   State government all set for tiger census in Palamau Tiger Reserve from October this year and the census will continue till December 2018.   It will be physical evidence based to the National Tiger Conservation Authority.     The forest department is also drafting for … Read more 23 & 24.09.17 JPSC (Jharkhand) Current Affairs

Tropical and temperate cyclones

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    The atmospheric disturbances which involve a closed circulation about a low pressure centre, anticlockwise in the northern atmosphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere are called cyclones. They fall into the following two broad categories: (a) Extra-tropical or Temperate and (b) tropical cyclones. (a) Temperate Cyclones Temperate cyclones are formed along a front … Read more Tropical and temperate cyclones

Indian monsoon, mechanism, onset and retreat

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  The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season.Monsoons refer to a system of winds in the tropical regions under which the direction of winds is reversed completely between the summer and the winter seasons. Under this system, the winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land … Read more Indian monsoon, mechanism, onset and retreat

Book list for JPSC Prelims by JPSC Topper George Sinha

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JPSC  PRELIMS BOOKLIST POLITY- 1.LAXMIKANTH,TMH PUBLICATIONS 2.NCERT CLASS XI 3.JHARKHAND PART AT LUCENT 4.JHARKHAND PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT-DOWNLOAD FROM NET AND READ THE CLAUSES   HISTORY- 1.ANCIENT  INDIA-OLD OR NEW NCERT 2.MEDIEVAL INDIA -OLD NCERT ONLY 3.MODERN-OLD NCERT AND RAJIV AHIR ,SPECTRUM 4.JHARKHAND HISTORY-LUCENT JHARKHAND(SPECIAL FOCUS ON REVOLTS AND EFFECTS OF THE REVOLTS)   ECONOMICS- 1.MRUNAL  … Read more Book list for JPSC Prelims by JPSC Topper George Sinha

Solar system, relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets, movement of earth and moon in solar system, lunar and solar eclipses

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The solar system consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two “centers” of the Solar system and the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits. The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It … Read more Solar system, relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets, movement of earth and moon in solar system, lunar and solar eclipses

Geological history

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  The spatial extent of Jharkhand State is approximately 21° 55’ to 25° 35’ North Latitude and 83° 20’ to 88° 02’ East Longitude. The state is land locked and it shares its boundary with Orissa on the southeast, Chattisgarh on the southwest, Bihar on the north, West Bengal on the east and Uttar Pradesh … Read more Geological history

Development of Hindi and Urdu Language

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    Development of Hindi and Urdu Language   Hindi and Urdu are two Hindustani Languages; spoken mostly in the northern and Central India and in Pakistan. Hindi and Urdu are two different languages but these languages have many common things.Both Hindi and Urdu are developed in a similar phase and adopted many changes. We … Read more Development of Hindi and Urdu Language

Economic, social and environmental sustainability; concept of Green GDP; Strategy and policy for sustainable development in India

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Economic, social and environmental sustainability The United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a universal and transformative development strategy. The 2030 Agenda commits the global community to “achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions—economic, social and environmental—in a balanced and integrated manner”. Bruntland Report … Read more Economic, social and environmental sustainability; concept of Green GDP; Strategy and policy for sustainable development in India

ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM

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  located where river meets the sea. the most productive water bodies in the world The complete salinity range from 0-35 ppt is seen from the head (river end) to the mouth (sea end) of an estuary Coastal lakes which have their connection with the sea through small openings are better known as lagoons or … Read more ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM

Natural Resources of India

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  What are natural resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some examples of natural … Read more Natural Resources of India

CHAIN RULE

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  This module will teach you the basics of direct and indirect proportions. These concepts will further help you in time and work questions. Important Formulas – chain rule Direct Proportion Two quantities are said to be directly proportional, if on the increase or decrease of the one, the other increases or decreases the same … Read more CHAIN RULE

Fairs, Festivals, Folk Music and Folk Dances.

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Landform

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  Each landform has its unique physical shape, size, materials and is a result of the action of certain geomorphic processes and agent(s). Every landform has a beginning. Landforms once formed may change in their shape, size and nature slowly or fast due to continued action of geomorphic processes and agents. Due to changes in … Read more Landform

The Peshwas

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            1713-20   Balaji Vishwanath Shahu appointed him as the Peshwa.     1720-40   Baji Rao I Baji Rao I succeded who was the most charismatic leader in             Maratha history after Shivaji.He conquered Malwa, Bundelkhand             & even … Read more The Peshwas

The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism

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  Gandhiji was arrested in 1922 and sentenced to 6 years of imprisonment. The result was the spread of disintegration, disorganization and demoralization in the nationalist ranks. After a defeat of their resolution of ‘either mending or ending’ in the Congress, CR Das and Motilal Nehru resigned and formed the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party in December … Read more The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism

JPSC Prelims 2016 Test Series and Prelims Notes Program

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JPSC Notes team is going to provide the quality test series and complete notes for JPSC Prelims Exam 2016. Test Series Starts 7th of September 2016 15 Days Return Guarantee if you are not Satisfied with the test series .  Click Here to Register for the Test Series for Just Rs 1999 Only  Program will include following … Read more JPSC Prelims 2016 Test Series and Prelims Notes Program

Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members

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Parliamentary privilege  is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties. The Presiding Officer i.e. Speaker in case of Lok Sabha and Chairman in case of Rajya Sabha, is the custodian … Read more Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members

SIMPLIFICATION

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Simplification Simplification is one of the most important part of Quantitative Aptitude section of any competitive exam. Today I am sharing all the techniques to solve Simplification questions quickly. Rules of Simplification V ? Vinculum B ? Remove Brackets – in the order ( ) , { }, [ ] O ? Of D ? Division M ? Multiplication A … Read more SIMPLIFICATION

Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.

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  Based on the value addition and tangibility broadly we can have three types of industries – primary industries,secondary industries and tertiary industries. Primary industries are usually very simple industries involving processing of raw materials to give input goods for secondary industries. Here value addition is usually minimal and they are usually material oriented.Scale of … Read more Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.

DESERT ECOSYSTEM

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  Deserts are formed in regions with less than 25 cm of annual rainfall, .or sometimes in hot regions where there is more rainfall, but unevenly distributed in the annual cycle. Lack’ of rain in the mid latitude is often due to stable high pressure zones; deserts in temperate regions often lie in “rain shadows”, … Read more DESERT ECOSYSTEM

Spread of Modern Education

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1781: Hastings set up the Calcutta Madrasah for the study and teaching of Muslim law and related subjects 1791: Jonathan Duncan started a Sanskrit College at Varanasi for the study of Hindu law and philosophy. 1813: Charter of 1813 directed the Company to spend Rs. 1 lakh for promoting modern sciences in the country. This … Read more Spread of Modern Education

  An overview of  Jharkhand Agriculture

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                                 The State of Jharkhand was created in November’ 2000 after carving 79 lakh hectares geographical area from the State of Bihar for better planning and execution of development activities of a ecologically different zone ( Hills & Plateau region compared to Bihar plains). Agriculture is the main stay for the 80% of rural … Read more   An overview of  Jharkhand Agriculture

INDIAN FOREST TYPES

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  Forest types in India are classified by Champion and Seth into sixteen types.   Tropical Wet evergreen forests are found along the Western Ghats, the Nicobar and Andaman Islands and all  along the north-eastern region. It is characterized by tall, straight evergreen trees. The trees in this forest form a tier pattern: Beautiful fern … Read more INDIAN FOREST TYPES

Rajasthan Economics-RAS/RTS Mains Topic wise Solved Question Papers

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Guess Questions What is the condition of fiscal dificit and borrowing of Rajasthan Rajasthan Finance commission What is the per capita income (Constant and current price) of rajasthan in 2012-13 What is infant mortility rate, total reproduction rate, mother mortility rate, and literacy of rajasthan Role of Private public partnership in infrastructure Development of Rajasthan. … Read more Rajasthan Economics-RAS/RTS Mains Topic wise Solved Question Papers

Major Armed Uprising

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Wahabi Shah Abdul Aziz & Saiyed Ahmad Raebarelvi. Objective was to reform the Muslim Movement society& convert ‘Dur-ul-Harb’ (Non-Islamic community) into ‘Dar-ul-Islam’.   Origianlly the movement was started in Arabia by Muhammad Ibn-Aba-e-Wahid.   Its main centre was Patna, Sittana (NW province). Kuka Bhai Ram Singh (Disciple of Bhai Balak Singh). It is also called … Read more Major Armed Uprising

Revolutionary Terrorism

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Revolutionary young men did not try to generate a mass revolution. Instead they followed the strategy of assassinating unpopular officials 1904: VD Savarkar organized Abhinav Bharat Newspapers like The Sandhya and Yugaantar in Bengal and the Kal in Maharashtra advocated revolutionary ideology Kingsford Incident: In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw bomb at a … Read more Revolutionary Terrorism

Different Schools of Indian Philosophy

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          Nastika Shools of Indian System of Philosophy   Charvaka   Believes only in materialism. No life beyond death, no soul no god. Jaina     The names of two tirthankaras, Rishabhanath & Aristhanemia finds mention in Rig Veda. 540 BC   Twenty third was Parsva, son of Ishvaku king Asvasena. … Read more Different Schools of Indian Philosophy

Formation of Linguistic States:–

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Formation of Linguistic States:– India is a land of many languages, each with its distinct script, grammar, vocabulary and literary tradition. In 1917, the Congress Party had committed itself to the creation of linguistic provinces in a Free India. After Congress’s Nagpur Session in 1920, the principle was extended and formalized with the creation of … Read more Formation of Linguistic States:–

Regional imbalances and income inequalitiies in India: Steps taken by the Government to reduce it.

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Regional imbalances and income inequalitiies in India: Steps taken by the Government to reduce it. Regional imbalance is the disparity in economic and social development of two regions. One region/city/area is stronger than another region/city/area. Regions develop when investments are made to set up industries, service sectors, educational institutions, health care facilities etc. Income inequality is the unequal distribution of … Read more Regional imbalances and income inequalitiies in India: Steps taken by the Government to reduce it.

FOREST ECOSYSTEM

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    Forest ecosystem includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. Optimum conditions such as temperature and ground moisture are responsible for the establishment of forest communities. Forests may be evergreen or deciduous which are distinguished on the basis of leaf into broad-leafed or needle leafed coniferous forests in the case of … Read more FOREST ECOSYSTEM

India under the British Rule

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  The economic consequences of the British rule can be studied under three heads: Decline of Indian Handicrafts and progressive ruralisation of the Indian economy Growth of the new land system and the commercialisation of Indian agriculture Process of industrial transition of India Decline of Handicrafts While India was an exporter of Handicrafts before the … Read more India under the British Rule

Decision-Making: concept, process and techniques

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  Decision making is an essential part of planning. Decision making and problem solving are used in all management functions, although usually they are considered a part of the planning phase. A discussion of the origins of management science leads into one on modeling, the five-step process of management science, and the process of engineering … Read more Decision-Making: concept, process and techniques

Major types of Soils.(ICAR classification) and their distribution. Soil degradation and conservation

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  Soil is defined as upper layer of the earth composed of loose surface material. It is a mixture of many substances including endless variety of minerals, remnants of plants and animals, water and air. It is the end product of continuing interaction between the parent material, local climate, plant and animal organisms and elevation … Read more Major types of Soils.(ICAR classification) and their distribution. Soil degradation and conservation

Liberation War of Bangladesh

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  The Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 was the culmination of a 25-year tumultuous relationship between East and West Pakistan. The British failed to keep a united India as riots started between the Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims in 1946. The riots were so widespread that on August 14, 1947 India was portioned into two … Read more Liberation War of Bangladesh

Geology Optional Notes for civil services(ias) and Indian Forest Services- Ifos(IFS)

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Geology is one of the most attractive optional amongst the Indian Forest Aspirants particularly after the introduction of preliminary examination . Following are the links for complete geology optional prepared by me (I gave Ifos Interview in 2014) and  my friend who secured a rank in IFoS 2013. You could comment for any doubt or … Read more Geology Optional Notes for civil services(ias) and Indian Forest Services- Ifos(IFS)

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