After 2 centuries of Persian invasion, Alexander from Macedonia invaded India. Alexander conquered minor Asia along with Iraq & Iran and from Iran he marched into India
- Alexander conquered whole of Persia by defeating Darius 3 in battle of Arabela (330 BC).
- Herodotus, Father of history, wrote that fabulous wealth of India attracted Alexander & moreover his interest in Geographical enquiry & love of natural history urged him to invade India
- Alexander believed that on eastern side of India lies continuation of the sea & hence by conquering India, he would conquer eastern boundary of the world
- After conquest of Iran, he marched into India through Khyber pass 327 BC & crossed Indus in 326 BC.
- Ambhi, the ruler of taxila readily submitted to him but Porus whose kingdom lay between Jhelum & Chenab refused to submit to Alexander
Battle of Hydaspes (Jhelum)
- Although Porus had a vast army & fought bravely, but he lost to Alexander
- Alexander, impressed by the bravery of Indian prince reinstated him to his throne and made him his ally.
- Then he advanced as far as river Beas, he wanted to move further but war weary, diseased, Hot weather of India & 10 year of continuous fighting led to the refusal of Greek soldiers to move further (Refusal also came because of the enormous power of Nandas of Magadha).
- Hence, Alexander divided his conquered territories into 3 Parts & placed them under 3 Greek governors.
Effect of Alexander’s Invasion
- 1stcontact b/w Europe & India paved the way for increased trade & commerce
- Encouraged political unification of India under Mauryas