JPSC MAINS 2011

Points to Remember: Public undertakings’ role in infrastructure development. Their impact on employment generation. Contribution to technological advancement. Potential for market distortions and inefficiencies. Importance of good governance and regulation. Introduction: Public undertakings, also known as state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or public sector undertakings (PSUs), are organizations owned and operated by the government. Their contribution to … Read more How does a public undertaking contribute to the economic development of a country? Explain.

Points to Remember: Definition of poverty (absolute vs. relative) Multidimensional aspects of poverty (income, health, education, etc.) Indian government’s poverty eradication programs (historical and contemporary) Successes and limitations of these programs Future strategies for poverty alleviation Introduction: Poverty, a persistent global challenge, is a state of deprivation characterized by a lack of resources necessary for … Read more What is poverty? Describe the measures initiated in India for the eradication of poverty.

Points to Remember: India’s diverse climate and geology lead to a wide variety of soil types. Soil classification is crucial for agricultural planning and resource management. Soil degradation is a significant concern requiring sustainable management practices. Introduction: India boasts a rich tapestry of soil types, reflecting its diverse geographical features and climatic conditions. The country’s … Read more Describe various types of soil in India.

Points to Remember: Historical context of the India-Bangladesh relationship. Major points of contention: land boundary disputes, water sharing agreements, illegal immigration. Efforts towards resolution and cooperation. Future prospects and challenges. Introduction: India and Bangladesh share a complex and multifaceted relationship, characterized by both cooperation and conflict. Their shared history, intertwined economies, and porous border have … Read more Discuss the India-Bangladesh dispute.

Points to Remember: Jharkhand’s rich natural resources (minerals, forests) Factors hindering industrial development (infrastructure, governance, human capital) Role of government policies and initiatives Socio-economic consequences of slow industrial growth Potential for future development and necessary reforms Introduction: Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is endowed with abundant natural resources, particularly minerals like coal, iron ore, … Read more Why is the speed of industrial development slow in Jharkhand despite having so much natural wealth? Discuss.

Points to Remember: Existing wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in Jharkhand. Government policies and schemes for wildlife conservation. Community participation and initiatives. Challenges faced in wildlife conservation in Jharkhand. Future strategies and recommendations. Introduction: Jharkhand, a state rich in biodiversity, faces significant challenges in conserving its wildlife. Deforestation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict are major threats … Read more What steps have been initiated to conserve wildlife in Jharkhand?

Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of a global commune. Challenges faced by a global commune. Strategies for preserving a global commune. Emphasis on sustainability, cooperation, and shared values. Introduction: The term “global commune” evokes an image of a world interconnected not just through trade and technology, but also through shared values, resources, and a … Read more What do you mean by global commune? Give suggestions for the preservation of the global commune.

Points to Remember: Definition of Globalization Economic dimensions of Globalization Impact of Globalization on the Indian Economy (positive and negative) Policy implications and future outlook Introduction: Globalization, in its simplest form, refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas. It’s driven by advancements in technology, … Read more What is globalization? What impact has it made on the Indian economy?

Points to Remember: Naxalism’s historical context in Jharkhand. Socio-economic factors fueling Naxalism. Naxal tactics and their impact on law and order. Government’s counter-Naxal operations and their effectiveness. The human cost of the conflict. Alternative development strategies. Introduction: Naxalism, a Maoist-inspired communist insurgency, poses a significant threat to law and order in Jharkhand. Jharkhand, rich in … Read more “Naxalism has emerged as the greatest challenge before the Law and Order of Jharkhand.” Justify the statement.

Points to Remember: Definition and explanation of the law of diminishing returns. Factors affecting diminishing returns. Limitations of the law of diminishing returns. Applicability across various fields. Introduction: The law of diminishing returns, also known as the law of diminishing marginal productivity, is a fundamental economic principle stating that in all productive processes, increasing a … Read more Explain the law of diminishing returns. What are its limitations?

Points to Remember: Magnitude of the problem: Unemployment in India is a significant socio-economic challenge affecting millions. Diverse causes: The causes are multifaceted, encompassing structural, cyclical, frictional, and seasonal factors. Demographic factors: India’s large and rapidly growing population plays a crucial role. Policy implications: Addressing unemployment requires a multi-pronged approach involving education, skill development, and … Read more Explain the causes of unemployment in India.

Points to Remember: Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. Stem cells have the potential to treat a wide range of diseases and injuries. Ethical considerations surrounding stem cell research are significant. Introduction: Stem cells are biological cells found in … Read more What do you understand by stem cell? How can it be used in medical science?

Points to Remember: Genome technology encompasses the study, manipulation, and application of an organism’s complete set of genetic material. Its medical applications are vast and rapidly evolving. Ethical considerations are paramount in its use. Introduction: Genome technology refers to the collection of techniques and technologies used to study and manipulate an organism’s genome â?? its … Read more What do you understand by genome technology? How is it useful in the medical field?

Keywords: President of India, election, electoral college, procedure Required Approach: Factual Points to Remember: Indirect election through an electoral college. Proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. Role of the Election Commission of India. Eligibility criteria for candidates. Process of nomination and withdrawal of candidature. Introduction: The President of India is the head of … Read more How is the President of India elected?

Points to Remember: Constitutional Position Powers and Functions Relationship with the President Limitations Introduction: The Vice-President of India holds a unique constitutional position, serving as both the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the first in line of succession to the President. The office is established under Article 63 of the … Read more Discuss, in brief, the position and powers of the Vice-President of India.