Science

The remarkable march of India into the world of biosciences and technological advances began in 1986. That year, government of india accepted the vision that unless India created a separate Department for Biotechnology, within the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India the country would not progress to the desired extent. This was because … Read more DMPQ-Department for Biotechnology and Biotech parks

Composting is an anaerobic microbially driven process that converts organic wastes into stable sanitary humus like material. This material can then be safely returned to the natural environment. This method is actually a low moisture, solid substrate fermentation process. In large- scale operations using largely domestic solid wastes, the final product is mostly used for … Read more DMPQ- What is composting?

Live vaccines are derived from “wild,” or disease-causing, viruses or bacteria. These wild viruses or bacteria are attenuated, or weakened, in a laboratory, usually by repeated culturing. For example, the measles virus used as a vaccine today was isolated from a child with measles disease in 1954. Almost 10 years of serial passage using tissue … Read more DMPQ- Examine the process of Live Attenuated Vaccines .

In the category of natural food preservatives comes the salt, sugar, alcohol, vinegar etc. These are the traditional preservatives in food that are also used at home while making pickles, jams and juices etc. Also the freezing, boiling, smoking, salting are considered to be the natural ways of preserving food. Coffee powder and soup are … Read more DMPQ- What are Natural Food Preservatives?

ATGM NAG has been developed by DRDO to engage highly fortified enemy tanks in day and night conditions. The missile has “Fire & Forget” “Top Attack” capabilities with passive homing guidance to defeat all MBTs equipped with composite and reactive armour. The NAG missile carrier NAMICA is a BMP II based system with amphibious capability. … Read more DMPQ- NAG Missile

Home energy monitor is a small hand-held or table-top device with a screen that shows you how much electricity you’re using in your home – some models also allow you to receive the information on your mobile phone, tablet or laptop. Your energy monitor should show you how much energy you’re using, how much it … Read more DMPQ- What is Energy monitor technology?

. India is at the learning stage for many of the complex technologies required to create a BMD system. DRDO’s record in producing weapon systems has not been encouraging as exemplified by the delayed induction of the LCA, the failure of the Arjun MBT and the virtual rejection of the INSAS rifle by the Indian … Read more DMPQ- . Give a brief description of Indian ballistic missile defense system.

GSLV-D5 is the eighth flight of India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). It is also the fourth developmental flight of GSLV. GSLV-D5 vehicle is configured with its first and second stages similar to the ones flown during earlier GSLV missions. The third stage is the Indigenous Cryogenic Stage. The metallic payload fairing with a diameter … Read more DMPQ- What is GSLV-5 rocket ? point out it’s significance for India’s Space missions.

. Gene therapy is the treatment of disease by replacing, altering, or supplementing a gene that is absent or abnormal and whose absence or abnormality is responsible for the disease. Gene therapy may use the genetic material, DNA, itself as the means of treatment. Most, if not all, diseases have a genetic factor. The genetic … Read more DMPQ- Explain how gene therapy can impact the future of humans.

India is a prominent and rapidly growing presence in global pharmaceuticals. It is the largest provider of generic medicines globally, occupying a 20% share in global supply by volume, and also supplies 62% of global demand for vaccines. India ranks 3rd worldwide for production by volume and 10th by value. India is the source of … Read more DMPQ-Discuss the status of Pharmaceutical sector in India.

Face hygiene Our face reveals our daily practice of personal hygiene. Face hygiene includes all parts of the face. The most important area to keep clean is the eyes. The eye discharges protective fluids that could dry and accumulate around the eye. They are visible when a person gets up in the morning. The organic … Read more DMPQ- What are the Components of personal hygiene and it’s relation with health

SCNT is a laboratory technique for creating an ovum with donor nucleus. In it, nucleus containing the organism’s DNA of somatic cell (a body cell other than sperm or egg cell) is removed and rest of cell discarded. The nucleus of somatic cell is then inserted into enucleated egg cell which reprograms somatic cell nucleus … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on somatic cell nuclear transfer.

  Gene Chromosomes They are located on the chromosomes. Chromosomes are the packed structure of a DNA with proteins. Genes are composed of either DNA or RNA Chromosomes composed of DNA, RNA and histones. According to Human genome project, there are 30,000 genes in the human cell. In Human cell there are 23 pair of … Read more DMPQ: What are the differences between gene and chromosomes? (science)

Neutrinos are the elementary particles found in the universe, which have no charge and have very little mass. They are electrically neutral and have weak interactive force. They are generally formed in the nuclear core of the sun. Radio active decay is also one of the source of neutrinos. They have the unique property of … Read more DMPQ: What are neutrinos? How they are formed and list down their applications.

Powder and liquid detergent can be used for other purposes besides cleaning clothes or dishes. This can save you money from having to buy multiple cleaning products. All-Purpose Cleaner Either form of detergent can be used to clean tiles, floors, counters, tubs and toilets. Mix 3/4 of a cup of bleach, 1 cup of detergent … Read more DMPQ- What are the important uses of a detergent?

The rapid growth of technology, upgradation of technical innovations and a high rate of obsolescence in the electronics industry have led to one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world which consist of end of life electrical and electronic equipment products. It comprises a whole range of electrical and electronic items such as … Read more DMPQ:Write in brief on e-waste management.

The Revised National TB Control Programme The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) thus formulated, adopted the internationally recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy, as the most systematic and cost-effective approach for TB control in India. Political and administrative commitment, to ensure the provision of organised and comprehensive TB control services was obtained. Adoption … Read more DMPQ- Briefly outline the features and need of The Revised National TB Control Programme?

The nitrogen cycle is a complex biogeochemical cycle in which nitrogen is converted from its inert atmospheric molecular form (N2) into a form that is useful in biological processes. The Nitrogen cycle contains various stages: Nitrogen fixation: Inert form of Nitrogen is fixed and converted into organic form in a process called nitrogen fixation. Most … Read more DMPQ: What is Nitrogen cycle. Explain its various stages. (science)

Ministry Of Earth Sciences Plans Rs 8000 Crore ‘Deep Ocean Mission’ To Boost India’s Sea Exploration Capabilities. The mission proposes to explore the deep ocean similar to the space exploration started by ISRO about 35 years ago.The focus of the mission will be on deep-sea mining, ocean climate change advisory services, underwater vehicles and underwater … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on deep sea mission?

Digital Signature Certificates or DSC or Digital Signature are being adopted by various government agencies and now is a statutory requirement in various applications.   There are different class of certificates to help organization and individuals secure online transactions with legal validity as per the Indian IT Act, 2000. A digital signature is a mathematical … Read more DMPQ- What is a digital signature?

  What is biofortification? Ans:          Biofortification is the process of breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding for improved crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding is done with the objective of improving protein content and quality. Oil … Read more DMPQ: What is biofortification? AND tissue Culture

The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III is a launch vehicle under development. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle is a launch vehicle under development. ISRO is developing this to enable India to launch its heavier satellites without dependence on foreign rockets and providers. The GSLV MK-III is a 3 stage vehicle and will have … Read more DMPQ- GSLV MK III

The spinal cord, running almost the full length of the back, carries information between the brain and body, but also carries out other tasks.  From the brainstem, where the spinal cord meets the brain, 31 spinal nerves enter the cord.  Along its length, it connects with the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that … Read more DMPQ- Explain the spinal cord and its functions

  Thrust Areas Varietal Development and PVP Seed Production Quality Assurance Seed Distribution and Marketing. Infrastructure facilities Transgenic Plant Varieties Import of seeds and planting material Export of seeds Promotion of Domestic Seed Strengthening of monitoring system  

Different types of robots can performs different types of tasks. For example, many of the robots are made for assembly work which means that they are not relevant for any other work and these types of robots are called Assembly Robots. Similarly, for seam welding many suppliers provide robots with their welding materials and these … Read more DMPQ- Mention the various applications of Robotics

Allogamy Allogamy occurs when the gametes which join together during fertilization come from two different individuals. The female gamete is usually in the form of an egg or ovum while the male gamete takes the form of a sperm. Both egg and sperm are cells specialized to perform the task of reproduction; each sex cell … Read more DMPQ- Mention the different Types of Sexual Reproduction.

1. Endeavour to achieve an appropriate level of protection of human life and health and the protection of consumer’s interests, including fair practices in all kinds of food trade with reference to food safety standards and practices; 2. Carry out risk management which shall include taking into account the results of risk assessment and other … Read more DMPQ- What are the General principles of food safety? How can India ensure food safety for it growing population?

The set of the agreement by the BCBS (BASEL COMMITTEE ON BANKING SUPERVISION), which mainly focuses on risks to banks and the financial system are called Basel accord.  The purpose of the accord is to ensure that financial institutions have enough capital on account to meet the obligations and absorb unexpected losses.  India has accepted … Read more DMPQ: What is Basel accord? What are the different BASEL norms? ( economy)

Applications of hydraulic pressure Hydraulic Lifts and Fluid Power Blaise Pascal derived a law that explains how people can harness the power of fluids. When you apply pressure to liquid in a confined container, that pressure transmits equally to all other points in the container. According to the law, it’s also possible for a hydraulic … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Applications of hydraulic pressure

In order to form a zygote, male gametes in pollen grains have to fuse with egg in the ovule. This is achieved by the process called pollination. Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther – male part of a flower, to the stigma – female part of a flower. Depending on … Read more DMPQ- Define pollination and its types.

Chlorine is a powerful chemical that has been in use for many years to treat water for home consumption. Chlorine is an effective water purification method that kills germs, parasites and other disease-causing organisms found in ground or tap water. Water can be purified using chlorine tablets or liquid chlorine. As an off-the-shelf water purification … Read more DMPQ- Explain the method of Chlorination for water purification.

  Seeker Technology :The seeker technology is a critical technology that determines the accuracy of a missile. So far, the seeker technology had come from Russia.   The technology is a closely guarded secret.  Mastering it is a significant milestone in missile technology and would reduce import dependence.  The seeker was developed by Research Centre Imarat … Read more DMPQ-What do you understand by the term seeker technology and 5G Technology?

Bt brinjal is the first food crop under evaluation for commercial release in India. Since its development in 2000, the crop has undergone rigorous scientific evaluation to assess its food safety, environmental safety, human and animal health safety and biodiversity. Rigorous scientific tests, including toxicity and allergenicity evaluation as well as nutritional studies on rabbits, … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the Regulatory mechanism for bt brinjal in India.

.   CRISPR stands for Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats it is in the series of molecular scissors which is used for deletion, insertion and replacement of genome to achieve the desired result. It is latest technology of gene editing. Cas-9 is an enzyme. It use a synthetic guide RNA to introduce a double strand … Read more DMPQ: What is CRISPR-Cas9 and explain the process involved in using it. (Science)

Deepfakes are so-named because they use deep learning technology, a branch of machine learning that applies neural net simulation to massive data sets, to create a fake. Artificial intelligence effectively learns what a source face looks like at different angles in order to transpose the face onto a target, usually an actor, as if it … Read more DMPQ: What is deepfake technology?

The Earth BioGenome Project, a Moon Shot for biology, aims to sequence, catalogue and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity over a period of ten years. The Earth BioGenome Project will create a new foundation for biology, informing a broad range of major issues facing humanity, such as the impact of climate … Read more DMPQ- What is EarthBiogenome Project?

Totipotent cells: Stem cells are characterized according to their degree of potency, which refers to their varying ability to differentiate into different cell types. Totipotent cells are the most potent of all stem cells, and defining them is important for research and the field of regenerative medicine.A totipotent cell is a single cell that can give … Read more DMPQ- Difference between totipotent and pluripotent Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that work together to defend against Foreign substances. There are various cells associated with immune system: B-cell: It is a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. Antibodies are large Y-shaped proteins which bind to specific antigens. This signals the other cells of … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on cells of Human Immune system.

Quantum Technology is based on the principles of Quantum mechanics, that was developed in the early 20th century to describe nature in the small — at the scale of atoms and elementary particles.The first phase of this revolutionary technology has provided the foundations of our understanding of the physical world, including the interaction of light and … Read more DMPQ-What do you understand by quantum technology? What are the application?

The SSLV is being designed by Indian scientists to carry smaller commercial satellites into the low-earth orbit less than 2,000 km above the earth’s surface. The SSLV can launch dedicated payloads or multiple satellites into low earth orbit or sun-synchronous orbit. The payload will be 300 kg to sun synchronous orbit (SSO) and 500 kg … Read more DMPQ- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning the inaugural flight of its indigenously developed Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). What is SSLV and How SSLV is different from PSLV?

Biofertilisersare organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. Rhizobium bacteria is found in symbiotic assosiation the root nodules of leguminousplants. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used bythe plant as nutrient.Azotobacter and Azospirillum also fix atmospheric nitrogen, but these … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Bio fertiliser(Science)

Bio-Plastics refers to Bio-degradable Materials manufactured from Renewable Sources that can be used in Packaging of Goods similarly as Plastic. Earth consumes around 200 Million Tonnes of Plastic every Year resulting in Pollution and Climate Change.  They have an advantage over conventional plastic as they are biodegradable, less carbon foot print, no additives, maintain the … Read more DMPQ: What are bioplastics? Discuss the issues with the use of bioplastics. (Science)

  A person can live a normal, healthy life with just one kidney. However, at least one kidney must function properly to maintain life. Diseases that threaten the health and functioning of the kidneys include kidney stones, infections, and diabetes. Kidney stones are mineral crystals that form in urine inside the kidney. They may be … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on Kidney Disease and Dialysis

Digital India Corporation (Formerly Media Lab Asia) is a not for profit organization set up by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India, under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 (Section 8 under Companies Act 2013). The objective of the company is to bring the benefits of ICT to the common … Read more DMPQ-Media Lab Asia or Digital India Corporation

Micropropagation Ans:  Method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micropropagation. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which they are grown. They are soma clones. Somatic hybridisation Ans:  In somatic hybridisation cell wall is removed by digesting it with enzyme like pectinase and cellulase. Isolated … Read more DMPQ: Micropropagation, Somatic hybridisation, Single cell protein, Mutation breeding

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. … Read more DMPQ: India is becoming a hub for non communicable diseases? Suggest the way to deal with the menace of non communicable disease.

The national telecom policy in work will focus on complete transition of the country from physical to digital infrastructure, with norms to push availability of high speed and uninterrupted broadband services in mission mode.   One of the key strategies in the draft talks of recognising spectrum as a key natural resources for public benefit … Read more DMPQ: Higher teledensity will help to solve various problems. In light of this discuss the recently drafted National telecom policy.

India’s latest communication satellite GSAT-30 was successfully launched from the Spaceport in French Guiana. With a lift-off mass of 3357 kg, GSAT-30 will provide continuity to operational services on some of the in-orbit satellites. GSAT-30 derives its heritage from ISRO’s earlier INSAT/GSAT satellite series and will replace INSAT-4A in orbit. GSAT-30 has a unique configuration … Read more DMPQ- Comment on the utility of recently launched satellite GSAT-30.