Science

The Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) owes its origin to the foresight and initiative of two British Chemists, namely, Professor J. L. Simonsen and Professor P.S. MacMahon. It occurred to them that scientific research in India might be stimulated if an annual meeting of research workers somewhat on the lines of the British Association for … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on the Indian Science congress association.

DRDO is the R&D wing of Ministry of Defence, Govt of India, with a vision to empower India with cutting-edge defence technologies and a mission to achieve self-reliance in critical defence technologies and systems, while equipping our armed forces with state-of-the-art weapon systems and equipment in accordance with requirements laid down by the three Services. … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on DRDO? Enumerate its achievements.

Dry cell batteries create electrical energy by converting chemical energy into electricity. The exact means of doing so depends on the type of dry cell battery in question, but the materials that are used are generally zinc and carbon or zinc and manganese dioxide. These materials are placed within the electrolyte paste within the battery. … Read more DMPQ- Explain the functioning of Dry cell.

Fiber optics, or optical fibers, are long, thin strands of carefully drawn glass about the diameter of a human hair. These strands are arranged in bundles called optical cables. We rely on them to transmit light signals over long distances. At the transmitting source, the light signals are encoded with data… the same data you see … Read more DMPQ- What is Optical fibre technology? How do optical fibre works?

The circulatory system consists of three independent systems that work together: the heart (cardiovascular), lungs (pulmonary), and arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels (systemic). The system is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gases, and as well as hormones to and from cells. An average adult has 5 to 6 quarts … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on the circulatory system.

The basis of ABO grouping is of two antigens- Antigen A and Antigen B. The ABO grouping system is classified into four types based on the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells surface and plasma antibodies. Group A – contains antigen A and antibody B. Group B –contains antigen B and antibody A. Group … Read more DMPQ- ABO Blood group system.

Microwave ovens are so quick and efficient because they channel heat energy directly to the molecules (tiny particles) inside food. Microwaves heat food like the sun heats your face—by radiation. A microwave is much like the electromagnetic waves that zap through the air from TV and radio transmitters. It’s an invisible up-and-down pattern of electricity and magnetism that races through the air at the speed of light (300,000 … Read more DMPQ- Explain the functioning of microwave.

India’s latest communication satellite GSAT-30 was successfully launched from the Spaceport in French Guiana. With a lift-off mass of 3357 kg, GSAT-30 will provide continuity to operational services on some of the in-orbit satellites. GSAT-30 derives its heritage from ISRO’s earlier INSAT/GSAT satellite series and will replace INSAT-4A in orbit. GSAT-30 has a unique configuration … Read more DMPQ- Comment on the utility of recently launched satellite GSAT-30.

Chronic NCDs comprise diabetes, high and low blood pressure, cancer, chronic respiratory problems, mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Malnutrition and infection at early age prevalent in poor are important triggers for NCDs. Low literacy and inadequate information among people are the main cause for non- awareness about these chronic diseases. Status of burden of Non … Read more DMPQ-. A recent UN report has highlighted that Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can cost the Indian economy a whopping Rs. 6.2 trillion during the 2012-2030 period. Discuss the present status of burden of Non-communicable diseases in India. Also, suggest some measures to control the incidence of such diseases and highlight some government’s initiatives in this regard?

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. … Read more DMPQ: India is becoming a hub for non communicable diseases? Suggest the way to deal with the menace of non communicable disease.

With the increase in Urbanisation and modernisation there is an increase in pollution, unhealthy lifestyle, environmental toxins which in turn increases the risk of disease.  The major health problems associated with modern lifestyle are as follows: Rise in pollution due to unplanned Pollution related problems like Asthama, Lung related disease etc. are on rise. Life … Read more DMPQ- What are the health problems related to the modern lifestyle which is rendering the reduction in quality of life? Suggest Solution.

Surrogacy as a practice where a woman gives birth to a child for an intending couple with the intention to hand over the child after the birth to intending couple. Currently, Surrogacy regulation bill was passed in Lok sabha where total ban on commercial surrogacy was made. Why the need to regulate surrogacy: There was … Read more DMPQ-What do you understand by surrogacy? Why ban on commercial surrogacy was proposed in the recent bill tabled in Parliament?

Working Principle: Passengers or cargo are loaded on the Hyperloop vehicle that accelerates gradually via electric Propulsion through a low pressure tube. Its Vehicles are propelled using a linear electric motor, which is a straightened out version of a conventional rotary motor. The speed of conventional trains — and all land based transport — is … Read more DMPQ:Recently Hyperloop technology was in news as Maharashtra Government approved the Virgin Hyperloop DP-world consortium and a hyperloop track between Mumbai and Pune. What is the working Principle of Hyperloop technology?

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be   transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis. The virus can also cause severe disease in animals such … Read more DMPQ- What is Nipah virus? How it is transmitted.

FASTag are stickers affixed to the windscreen of Vehicles. They use RFID technology to collect toll from the traffic. The tags are linked to ban account and they are charged or top up. The amount is detected directly from the account. According to NHAI, these Tags will ensure seamless travel of traffic and will also … Read more DMPQ-What are fastags? Explain the one nation and one tag policy.

Application: In India radar imaging are used for crop estimation because our main crop growing season of kharif is in May-September when it rains and gets cloudy. We have used this data extensively for forestry, soil, land use, geology and during floods and cyclone. Due to an all-weather seeing feature, the satellite becomes special for … Read more DMPQ-What is RISAT- 2BR1? What are its application?

IndiGen Programme aims to undertake whole genome sequence of thousands of individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India. It also strives to enable genetic epidemiology and develop public health technologies applications using population genome data. IndiGen  project selected the 1000-odd persons from a pool of about 5,000 and sought to include representatives from every state … Read more DMPQ-Comment on IndiGen.

Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and involves the consumption of another molecule (nitrate, sulfur, iron, carbon dioxide, etc.) instead of oxygen. Unlike in fermentation, anaerobic respiration involves the formation of an electrochemical gradient by an electron transport system that results in the production of a number of ATP molecules. Unlike in aerobic respiration, the final … Read more DMPQ- How do extremophiles like some bacteria and archaeans survive in environments without oxygen?

Gagan Enabled Mariner’s Instrument for Navigation and Information (GEMINI) device. It was unveiled by Union Minister for Earth Sciences, Science & Technology and Health & Family Welfare, Dr. Harsh Vardhan in New Delhi.  The GEMINI device was developed by theIndian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), an autonomous body under the Ministry of Earth … Read more DMPQ- Explain a) GEMINI b)eDantseva c)Ganga Aamantran Abhiyan

Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship or association between the individuals of two (or more than two) different species.   In symbiosis, at least one member of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other member may be injured (parasitism, relatively unaffected (commensalism), may also benefit (mutualism). In other words, at least one member of the … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Symbiotic nutrition.

The Revised National TB Control Programme The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) thus formulated, adopted the internationally recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy, as the most systematic and cost-effective approach for TB control in India. Political and administrative commitment, to ensure the provision of organised and comprehensive TB control services was obtained. Adoption … Read more DMPQ- Briefly outline the features and need of The Revised National TB Control Programme?

SCNT is a laboratory technique for creating an ovum with donor nucleus. In it, nucleus containing the organism’s DNA of somatic cell (a body cell other than sperm or egg cell) is removed and rest of cell discarded. The nucleus of somatic cell is then inserted into enucleated egg cell which reprograms somatic cell nucleus … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Cloud seeding is the process of spreading either dry ice, or more commonly, silver iodide aerosols, into the upper part of clouds to try to stimulate the precipitation process and form rain. There are three cloud seeding methods– Hygroscopic cloud seeding disperses salts through flares or explosives in the lower portions of clouds. The salts grow in size as … Read more DMPQ: What is cloud seeding? What are its possible application?

Thermoelectric power generators are the devices which used to convert temperature difference between two junctions into electrical energy. A working of thermoelectric generator is based on Seebeck effect.  According to which, a loop of two dissimilar metal develops an emf when the two junctions are kept at different temperature. That is why it is also referred as Seebeck … Read more DMPQ-Explain the concept of functioning of Thermoelectric Generator.

Dark Web is the virtual equivalent of a black market. Like Silk Road that marketed illegal drugs through the Dark Web, entities which want to operate out of the arms of the law seek refuge in the Dark Web.  Dark Web can be simply explained as a specialised form of browsing in incognito mode. While … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Dark Web.

  Medical microbiology basically deals with the study of microorganisms that are both beneficial and harmful to both human and animal majorly. Branches of medical microbiology include Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology and Mycology etc. Following are some of the major important features of the medical microbiology. The major importance of medical microbiology is that it helps … Read more DMPQ- List out the Importance of Medical Microbiology.

Shatkarma: These are six cleansing techniques in Yoga used to clean the internal organs and systems of the body. These are called as the process of detoxification. Shatkarmas are Neti, Dhouti, Basti, Kapalabhati, Nauli, Trataka. Yogasana: These are special patterns of body that stabilise the mind through static stretching. Yogasanas are psycho-physical in nature. They … Read more DMPQ- List out main Yogic practices which are being practiced for prevention and management of diseases

Creating a secure cyber ecosystem To designate a National nodal agency to coordinate all matters related to cyber security in the country, with clearly defined roles & responsibilities. To encourage all organizations, private and public to designate a member of senior management, as Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), responsible for cyber security efforts and initiatives. … Read more DMPQ- Mention the strategies angaist Cyber Crime. Critically evaluate them and give suggestive measures.

Blood bank is a place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients. A blood bank may be a separate free-standing facility or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital. Separation of blood Typically, each donated unit of blood (whole blood) is separated into multiple … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Blood Bank.

Genetic engineering Scientists have learned how to move genes from one organism to another. This has been called genetic modification (GM), genetic engineering (GE) or genetic improvement (GI). Regardless of the name, the process allows the transfer of useful characteristics (such as resistance to a disease) into a plant, animal or microorganism by inserting genes … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Technological aspects of agricultural biotechnology.

In the category of natural food preservatives comes the salt, sugar, alcohol, vinegar etc. These are the traditional preservatives in food that are also used at home while making pickles, jams and juices etc. Also the freezing, boiling, smoking, salting are considered to be the natural ways of preserving food. Coffee powder and soup are … Read more DMPQ- What are Natural Food Preservatives?

These are the some types of robots given below: Articulated: The feature of this robot is its rotary joints and range of these are from 2 to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to the rotary joint and each joint is known as the axis which provides a range of movements. Cartesian: These are also … Read more DMPQ- What are the different Types of Robots?

Inbreeding: Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4- 6 generations. Out Crossing: This is the practice of mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations. Cross-breeding: In this method, superior males of … Read more DMPQ-Explain the following terms: a) Inbreeding b) Out crossing c) Cross Breeding d) Interspecific Hybridisation

The immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that work together to defend against Foreign substances. There are various cells associated with immune system: B-cell: It is a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. Antibodies are large Y-shaped proteins which bind to specific antigens. This signals the other cells of … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on cells of Human Immune system.

There are many branches in medicine. Here are some of them. Anatomy: This is the study of the physical structure of the body. Biochemistry: A biochemist studies chemical components and how they affect the body. Biomechanics: This focuses on the structure of biological systems in the body and how they work, using a mechanical approach. … Read more DMPQ- What are the main Branches of medicine ?

Popular uses of polycarbonate can include aircraft parts, data storage devices, dome lights, eye protection, multiwall sheets, electronic components and more. Due to polycarbonates ability to withstand extreme temperatures for prolonged periods of time, it is often used in components for various industries, including: Aircrafts and Aerospace Components Greenhouses and Agriculture Industrial Lighting Electronic Components … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Applications of polycarbonates.

Mitosis When the chromosomes condense during cell division, they have already undergone replication. Each chromosome thus consists of two identical replicas, called chromatids, joined at a point called the centromere. During mitosis the sister chromatids separate, one going to each daughter cell. Chromosomes thus meet the first criterion for being the repository of genes: they … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the role of chromosomes during cell division.

Digital India Corporation (Formerly Media Lab Asia) is a not for profit organization set up by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India, under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 (Section 8 under Companies Act 2013). The objective of the company is to bring the benefits of ICT to the common … Read more DMPQ-Media Lab Asia or Digital India Corporation

The Codex Alimentarius is the food code that has become the global food standard for consumer foods, food producers and processors, national food regulatory agencies and international trade practices. The code has enormous impact and its influence extends to every continent. The Codex Alimentarius Commission was created in 1963 by the UN Food and Agricultural … Read more DMPQ-What is Codex Alimentarius?

Allogamy Allogamy occurs when the gametes which join together during fertilization come from two different individuals. The female gamete is usually in the form of an egg or ovum while the male gamete takes the form of a sperm. Both egg and sperm are cells specialized to perform the task of reproduction; each sex cell … Read more DMPQ- Mention the different Types of Sexual Reproduction.

The immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that work together to defend against Foreign substances. There are various cells associated with immune system: B-cell: It is a type of white blood cell that makesantibodies. Antibodies are large Y-shaped proteinswhich bind to specific antigens. This signals theother cells of the immune system … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on cells of Human Immune system.

A quantum computer employs the principles of quantum mechanics to store information in ‘qubits’ instead of the typical ‘bits’ of 1 and 0.  Just as a bit is the basic unit of information in a classical computer, a qubit is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer.  It takes advantage of the strange … Read more DMPQ-What is quantum computing and how they are different from normal computers?

Pathogenic Bacteria These bacteria cause great losses to plant and animal popula­tion by causing several diseases. Reduction of Soil Fertility Some facul­tative anaerobic bacteria are available mostly in the oxygen deficient soil which reverse the nitrifying process, thereby causing the loss of a part of its combined nitrogen. They break down the nitrates in a … Read more DMPQ- Mention some harmful bacteria

  Seeker Technology :The seeker technology is a critical technology that determines the accuracy of a missile. So far, the seeker technology had come from Russia.   The technology is a closely guarded secret.  Mastering it is a significant milestone in missile technology and would reduce import dependence.  The seeker was developed by Research Centre Imarat … Read more DMPQ-What do you understand by the term seeker technology and 5G Technology?

BIOFIN is a global partnership seeking to address the biodiversity finance challenge in a comprehensive manner – building a sound business case for increased investment in the management of ecosystems and biodiversity. The goals of BIOFIN include the following: Develop and pilot a new approach and methodology to fill the financing gap for biodiversity; Support … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on BIOFIN.

The remarkable march of India into the world of biosciences and technological advances began in 1986. That year, government of india accepted the vision that unless India created a separate Department for Biotechnology, within the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India the country would not progress to the desired extent. This was because … Read more DMPQ-Department for Biotechnology and Biotech parks

Polystyrene in Appliances Refrigerators, air conditioners, ovens, microwaves, vacuum cleaners, blenders – these and other appliances often are made with polystyrene (solid and foam) because it is inert (doesn’t react with other materials), cost-effective and long-lasting.     Polystyrene in Automotive Polystyrene (solid and foam) is used to make many car parts, including knobs, instrument … Read more DMPQ- Mention the various applications of Polystyrene.

The vision of the programme  is centred on three key areas Digital infrastructure as Utility to Every Citizen Governance and services on demand Digital empowerment of citizens Digital Infrastructure as Utility to Every Citizen Availability of high speed internet as a core utility for delivery of services to citizens. Cradle to grave digital identity that … Read more DMPQ- What is the vision of Digital India Mission?

  Implantations of nanotransmitters and nanosensors within individuals have opened gates for monitoring and treating them at the microscopic level with the use of nanodevices. But this crosses traditional bounderies of care in the hospitals as persons can get the treatment done while siting in their homes . Pateients at home could have access to … Read more DMPQ- Nanotransmitters and nanosensors

The spinal cord, running almost the full length of the back, carries information between the brain and body, but also carries out other tasks.  From the brainstem, where the spinal cord meets the brain, 31 spinal nerves enter the cord.  Along its length, it connects with the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that … Read more DMPQ- Explain the spinal cord and its functions