Polity

Corporate governance is the system, principles and group of procedure through which company is governed. It is sum of those principles , ideal values and code which inspire an institution to behave morally and with transparency.   Importance of CG: It is helpful in the increment of transparency, accountability and relevance. To discuss policies among … Read more DMPQ: What is corporate governance? What are the importance of corporate governance? (polity)

Cooperative federalism implies that the Centre and states share a horizontal relationship, where they “cooperate” in the larger public interest. It’s visualized as an important tool to enable states’ participation in the formulation and implementation of national policies. Executive Mechanisms for Co-Operative Federalism: Inter-State Council (ISC): Article 263 of the Constitution, provides the provision for … Read more DMPQ- What is cooperative federalism? Mention the executive mechanism through which cooperative federalism can be strengthened.

Paramilitary forces such as the Central Reserve Police Force, Border Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Central Industrial Security Force and Sashastra Seema Bal brave the odds to fight enemies of the nation and to protect our borders. The paramilitary forces come under the union home ministry, while the three armed forces are ruled by the … Read more DMPQ- . “Paramilitary forces allege of step-motherly treatment meted by the government as compared to military.” Discuss.

. In spite of the above criticisms and shortcomings, the Directive Principles are not an unnecessary appendage to the Constitution. The Constitution itself declares that they are fundamental to the governance of the country. According to L M Singhvi, an eminent jurist and diplomat, ‘the Directives are the life giving provisions of the Constitution. They … Read more DMPQ- Explain why Directive principles of State policy are important and relevant in 21st century.

Articles 371 to 371-J in Part XXI of the constitution contain special provisions for eleven states  viz., Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka. The intention behind them is to meet the aspirations of the people of backward regions of the states or to protect the cultural and … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the important provisions of article 371 of constitution for Maharashtra and Gujrat.

Operation Meghdoot was the code-name for the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Jammu and Kashmir State of India, precipitating the Siachen Conflict. Launched on 13 April 1984, this military operation was unique as the first assault launched in the world’s highest battlefield. The military action resulted in Indian troops … Read more DMPQ- Operation Meghdoot

All rural households in rural areas, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work eligible. Job card under the act is the right of every rural household wiling to work on NREGA and applies for it,   Choice of works done through village level plans and 50% or more of work to be executed … Read more DMPQ: Salient features of NREGA act. ( ACT)

The Committee was constituted under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in October,2015.  The report proposes an Education Policy, which seeks to address challenges faced by the current education system.  Key features of the proposed Policy are summarised below. Early childhood care and education was inconsistent across states. The committee recommended that ECCE for … Read more DMPQ: What was the mandate of New education policy in India? Outline its salient features.

There has been increase in the MP’s with criminal cases in the last 20 years. Currently 43% of the MP’s are with Criminal background and it is not good for Political ecosystem and governance is the ultimate sufferer. The major reasons for rise in Criminalisation of Politics are: Use od money power and opaqueness in … Read more DMPQ-Criminalisation of Politics in a mature democracy is sad state of affair. Discuss the reasons for rise in Criminalisation of Politics in India and also give solution to address the issue.

Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities and exemptions enjoyed by the two Houses of Parliament, their committees and their members. They are necessary in order to secure the independence and effectiveness of their actions. Without these privileges, the Houses can neither maintain their authority, dignity and honour nor can protect their members from any obstruction … Read more DMPQ- Briefly describe the concept of parliamentary privileges. Also mention the consequences of breach of privileges.

Ministry of Tribal affairs is funding 26 Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs) for research under Grant to TRIs and is engaged in quality research in collaboration with reputed Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) spread over the country. Research by TRIs should focus on future development of Tribals and help achieve the goal of ‘Mera Van Mera … Read more DMPQ- National Tribal Research Conclave

.  One of the controversies about the Preamble is as to whether it is a part of the Constitution or not. In the Berubari Union16 case (1960), the Supreme Court said that the Preamble shows the general purposes behind the several provisions in the Constitution, and is thus a key to the minds of the … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the judicial debate about preamble being part of constitution.

The concept of neutrality has three implications: public confidence in the non-political character of public service, Confidence of ministers belonging to any political party in the loyalty of the permanent subordinates, and High morale of public servants based on the confidence that promoting would be made not on the basis of political considerations but on … Read more DMPQ- What are the implications of neutrality in civil services?

NGO are non- interest groups who work for political and social cause. In an IB report some NGO’s are accused of stalling the economic growth in the name of environmental protection.   NGO’s association lead to stalling of projects. They stage a protest against the ongoing projects. Example Narmada dam, sardar sarovar dam and kundankulam … Read more DMPQ: The NGO’s sponsored by corporates and foreign bodies are working for the interests of their sponsors and negatively impacted GDP growth of 2-3% as per the recent claims by IB report. In what way NGO’s are creating hurdle to economic growth? ( Polity)

from the government and are generally considered to be “non-state, non-profit oriented groups who pursue purposes of public interest”. The primary objective of NGOs is to provide social justice, development and human rights. NGOs are generally funded totally or partly by governments and they maintain their non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in … Read more DMPQ: What are NGO’s? How India Benefitted from NGO’s?

Section 8 of RTI Act exempts certain items from being disclosed through an RTI. Section 22 only covers overriding of provisions of Official Secrets Act, 1923 that are inconsistent with those of RTI Act, the documents classified under OSA are not covered. Therefore, Official Secrets Act may cause hinderance. It is a loophole that has … Read more DMPQ- How are the official documents in India are classified ? Analyse the impact of RTI on Official Secrets Act.

Municipal Corporation Municipal corporations are created for the administration of big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore and others. They are established in the states by the acts of the concerned state legislatures, and in the union territories by the acts of the Parliament of India. There may be one common act for all … Read more DMPQ- Discuss different institutions formed under the 74th amendement act.

It was a new development strategy developed in the early 1980’s. This term was coined due to the failure of the state owned intervention , communist and socialist strategies across the world. Governments of the socialist or the planned economies were urged/suggested to privatise and liberalise, to sell off state-owned companies and eliminate government intervention … Read more DMPQ: . What is Washington consensus? (Polity)

A mere declaration of fundamental rights in the Constitution is meaningless, useless and worthless without providing an effective machinery for their enforcement, if and when they are violated. Hence, Article 32 confers the right to remedies for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen. In other words, the right to get the … Read more DMPQ- Explain how Article 32 is the soul of constitution of India.

Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of both the Central and state governments. On examination, if they are found to be violative of the Constitution (ultra-vires), they can be declared as illegal, unconstitutional and invalid (null and void) by the Supreme Court. … Read more DMPQ- Explain the concept of judicial review. How does supreme court’s effect functioning of government through judicial review.

  Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body under Article-324 vested with the responsibilities of superintendence, direction and control of conduct of elections. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. Election commission independence is bedrock of our democracy. It ensures free and fair elections. But there are inherent problems with election … Read more DMPQ- Independent mechanism for election of Chief election commissioner and election commissioner is need of the hour. Comment

Anti defection was brought up by the 52nd amendment act which brought changes in the 4 article and added X schedule of the constitution. The main aim was to prevent defection, when one member leave a political party and joins another. The act was aimed to provide stability to the political party and prevent aaya … Read more DMPQ- . The role of individual MPs have diminished over the years and as it result healthy constructive debate on policy issues are not closely witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti defection law which was legislated but with different intention.

Articles 239 to 241 in Part VIII of the Constitution deal with the union territories. Even though all the union territories belong to one category, there is no uniformity in their administrative system. Every union territory is administered by the President acting through an administrator appointed by him. An administrator of a union territory is … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the major constitutional and legal provisions inducted for the administration of union territories.

The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on December 20, 2011. The Bill was referred to the Department Related Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice. 19 States have Notified/Enacted the bill till yet.   The Bill refers to a ‘citizens charter’ which is a document that defines the standard of services … Read more DMPQ- What are the main features of The Right of Citizens for Time Bound Delivery of Goods and Services and Redressal of their Grievances Bill, 2011.

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems. But having cooperative federalism is a difficulty in  India. There are various challenges to cooperative federalism: Centralising provisions, which weigh heavily on spirit of cooperation. Eg art 3, … Read more DMPQ: What is cooperative federalism? What are the challenges to cooperative federalism?

The important changes introduced by the 44th Amendment Act are: o      Any changes in the basic structure of the constitution can be made only if they are approved by the people of India by a majority of votes at a referendum in which at least fifty-one per cent of the electorate participated. Article 368 … Read more DMPQ- In 1976, with the introduction of the 42nd Amendment Act, there were various provisions that were amended against the will of the citizens hence, to reverse those changes and safeguard the interests of the nation, 44th Amendment Act was called into action. What were the changes made by the 44th AA?

During the post-colonial period, the framers of the Indian Constitution envisaged a uniform civil code governing the personal laws in the country and thereby incorporated Article 44 in Part IV of the Indian Constitution in furtherance of the Directive Principles of State Policy. Thereby, making it incumbent on the state to secure for the citizens … Read more DMPQ: What is the jurisdiction of Lokpal in India?

The fundamental principle underlying the working of parliamentary system of government is the principle of collective responsibility. Article 75 clearly states that the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that all the ministers own joint responsibility to the Lok Sabha for all their acts of ommission and commission. They … Read more DMPQ- Elucidate the concept of Collective responsibility in parliamentary democracy.

Launched by the Hon’ble PM in January, the ‘Transformation of Aspirational Districts’ programme aims to quickly and effectively transform these districts. The broad contours of the programme are Convergence (of Central & State Schemes), Collaboration (of Central, State level ‘Prabhari’ Officers & District Collectors), and Competition among districts driven by a mass Movement. With States … Read more DMPQ- Transformation of aspirational districts programme aims to quickly and effectively transform some of the most underdeveloped districts of the country. Discuss

According to Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, the Union Budget of a year is referred to as the Annual Financial Statement (AFS). It is a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government in a financial year (which begins on 01 April of the current year and ends on 31 March of the following year). In addition … Read more DMPQ- What is the process of government budgeting in the Parliament?

 SAKAAR:  Sakaar is Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Augmented Reality (AR) application designed for Andriod devices. The application consists of 3 Dimensional (3D) models of Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), RISAT, indigenous rockets such as PSLV, GSLV Mk-III etc.     PRAGATI:   PRO-ACTIVE GOVERNANCE AND TIMELY IMPLEMENTATION, Addressing common man’s grievances, and simultaneously monitoring and reviewing … Read more DMPQ: Give an account of the following a) SAKAAR b) PRAGATI c) Aspirational district programme

Personal Bias Personal bias may arise out of friendship, relationship, professional grievance or even enmity. Here again likelihood of bias is to be given more credence than for the actual bias. “it is difficult to prove the state of mind of a person. Therefore, we have to see whether there is reasonable ground for believing … Read more DMPQ- Differentiate between Personal and Official Bias

SC observed that the act has become the tool to persecute innocents and public servants for political and personal gains. This claim has been validated by Parliamentary standing committee report.  So SC banned arrest under the act, without proper nod from officials. It also held that a court can grant anticipatory bail in case of … Read more DMPQ: In Subash kashinath Mahajan Vs the state of Maharashtra case , Supreme Court opined that SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act (PoA act) is being misused and checks are needed to prevent such misuse. In this context discuss the provision of the bill?

The reorganization of the states on the basis of language, a major aspect of national consolidation and integration, came to the fore almost immediately after independence. The boundaries of provinces in pre-1947 India had been drawn in a haphazard manner as the British conquest of India had proceeded for nearly a hundred years. No heed … Read more DMPQ- “The Linguistic Reorganization of the States became the base of reorganization of India after independence.” Elucidate.

In a parliamentary system all the important decision are taken by the majority decision. Be it passing a bill, moving a resolution, declaring emergency etc. Hence there are different types of majority present in Indian constitution which are required for reaching at a decision.   Simple Majority The simple majority is also called as “working … Read more DMPQ: What are the different types of majority present in the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form of government in the states as in the Centre. Consequently, the governor has been made only a nominal executive, the real executive constitutes the council of ministers headed by the chief minister. In other words, the governor has to exercise his powers and functions with the … Read more DMPQ- . “Constitution of India has made the governor only a nominal executive.” Explain.

The Panchayat Samiti generally consists of- About twenty members elected by and from the Panches of all the Panchayats falling in the block area; Two women members and one member each from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to be co- opted, provided they do not get adequate representation otherwise; Two local persons possessing experience … Read more DMPQ- Mention the structure of Panchayat Samiti.

Law commission is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It is truly an ad hoc and advisory body whose work is to do research and make recommendations for law reforms such as amendments and updations of prevalent and inherited laws. None of these recommendations are binding on the government. Composition of the law commission … Read more DMPQ: What is law commission? Outline its importance. (Polity)

The President is the head of the Indian State. He is the first citizen of India and acts as a symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of the nation. He is an integral part of the Parliament though he is not a member of either House. As an integral part of Parliament, the President has … Read more DMPQ- Enumerate the different powers of the President of India.

Centrally sector scheme: Central sector schemes are schemes with 100% funding by the Central government and implemented by the Central Government machinery. The central sector schemes are mainly formulated on subjects mainly from the Union List. Besides, there are some other programmes that various Central Ministries implements directly in States and UTs which also comes … Read more DMPQ- Explain centrally sponsored scheme and Central sector scheme and how they are different from each other.

Intelligence quotient is not enough for a civil servant it has to be backed by emotional intelligence. The nature of work is very different and complex. It becomes hostile sometimes. Hence the situation demands emotional intelligence. Further public dealing and public service make it necessary to have emotional intelligence. Mechanisation and too much rule bound … Read more DMPQ:Emotional intelligence is considered important element of civil service administration. Comment

Recently the 70th anniversary of the adoption of the constitution of India was celebrated with Joint session of both the house of the parliament . But the parliamentary standards are on decline which are due to following reasons: Decline in the number of sittings of legislature due to persistent disruption. Decline in the quality of … Read more DMPQ-Decline in Parliamentary standards is a harsh reality. Comment.

Preamble refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution. It contains summary or the essence to the constitution. The preamble is based on the objective resolution drafted and moved by Nehru. In our constitution, it is borrowed from US constitution. It is also called as the key to open the mind of framers of … Read more DMPQ- The mind of the makers of the constitution of India is reflected in the Preamble to the Constitution. Comment

ADR is a mechanism of dispute resolution that is non adversarial, i.e. working together co-operatively to reach the best resolution for everyone. ADR can be instrumental in reducing the burden of litigation on courts, while delivering a well-rounded and satisfying experience for the parties involved.It provides the opportunity to “expand the pie” through creative, collaborative … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by arbitrary dispute resolution mechanism? Explain also the different tools of alternative dispute redressal mechanism.

Features of the act   The recently passed bill will amend the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. ? It increases the paid maternity leave for pregnant women working in the organised sector from 12 weeks to 26 weeks. ? The 26 weeks of leave will be for the first two pregnancies. ? For the third child, … Read more DMPQ: Maternity benefit amendment act (act)

Generally coalitions are said to be formed on account of one of the following reasons: No single political party is able to secure a working majority in the popular house on account of the presence of multi-party system. Under these circumstances a number like-minded political parties form the coalition to provide a workable majority and … Read more DMPQ- What are the causes and conditions favorable for coalition politics in India?

Allegation of corruption in the court. No mechanism to look into the corruption charges on the judges. Interference of CBI in the working of judiciary amounts to executive control over the judiciary, which goes against the basic principles of the constitution that is judicial independence The chief justice constituting a 5 judge bench including himself … Read more DMPQ- What are the main challenges faced by judiciary in contemporary India.

Types of audits   Product audit– An examination of a particular product or service (hardware, processed material, software) to evaluate whether it conforms to requirements (that is, specifications, performance standards, and customer requirements).   Process audit– A verification that processes are working within established limits. It evaluates an operation or method against predetermined instructions or … Read more DMPQ: What are the Different types of Audit?