Polity

Electoral Bonds have been proposed as a way of reforming election funding in the Union Budget 2017. Electoral bonds will be issued by a notified bank for specified denominations. Those who want to donate to a political party, can buy these bonds by making payments digitally or through cheque. Then they are free to gift … Read more DMPQ: What are electoral bonds? Discuss the concerns associated with electoral bonds. (Polity)

The banks which could be differentiated on the accountof capital requirement, scope of activities and servethe needs of a certain demographic segment of thepopulation are called as Differentiated Banks or NicheBanks.The idea of Differentiated Bank was mooted byNachiket More Committee 2014, for FinancialInclusion. It can be classified as Payment Banks, SmallFinance Banks, Regional Rural Banks, … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on differentiated banking.

Lok adlalats are a tool of alternative dispute resolution mechanism.  They are mentioned in the section 89 of the CPC. They are the peoples court outside the regular court. It was set up in 1987 under National legal service authority act, 1987. Hence, they have statutory status. They work differently as compared to normal courts … Read more DMPQ: What are lokadalats: its structure and function? How they are different than normal courts?

It was introduced by the 1st amendment act along with article 31B. Art 31B states that the act and regulations mentioned in the 9th schedule shall not be deemed to be void in spite of an adverse judicial pronouncement on the ground that it violates or abridges any of the Fundamental rights. Hence insertion of … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the importance of 9th schedule and why it was inserted in the constitution? (Polity)

Appointment and term of office of members as per Article-316 The Chairman and other members of a Public Service Commission shall be appointed, in the case of the Union Commission by the President: Provided that as nearly as may be one-half of the members of every Public Service Commission shall be persons who at the … Read more DMPQ: Mention the Appointment and term of office of members of Public Service Commission

Constitutional Provision:   Article 85 of the constitution only requires that there should not be a gap of more than six months between two parliamentary sessions.   Parliamentary Convention: Parliament meets for three sessions in a year:   The Budget session which is held towards the beginning of the year   A three-week Monsoon session (July-August) … Read more DMPQ: . What are the constitutional provisions for Parliamentary session? Recently there has been delay in calling up of winter session of parliament, Discuss the consequence of such scenario?

Liberate CBI from political interference:Lokpal should be allowed to decide cases which CBI takes up; CBI to report to Lokpal for investigation of such cases; Lokpal can supervise and oversee CBI. Substitute archaic DPSE act by new CBI act; clearly re-defining the role, jurisdiction and legal powers of CBI. Criminal culpability for political interference. More … Read more DMPQ: CBI autonomy is under serious crisis. Suggest the possible solutions to address the issue. (Polity)

Different types of Jurisdiction: Original jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction Writ Jurisdiction Advisory Jurisdiction   Original Jurisdiction: Cases which can be directly taken by the SC without going through lower courts which is a proper channel otherwise. These are called original jurisdiction because the cases are decided exclusively by the SC itself. Cases involving federal disputes come … Read more DMPQ- What are the different Types of Jurisdiction of Supreme court? Explain any one of them. (POLITY)

Democracy success depends upon the conduct of free and fair elections. Hence electoral reforms is must to ensure a vibrant democracy. Reforms are itself dynamic in nature. The electoral reforms can be grouped as under: Reforms to cleanse the electoral system Debarring criminally tainted politicians from contesting , fast track courts and special courts Checking … Read more Electoral reforms in a democracy is a continuous process. In light of this statement suggest some electoral reforms. ( Polity)

Money through money laundering is used to fund the terror organisations. Hawala transactions of real estate in India are said to be used by terror groups in Pakistan to fund its activities. Drug trafficking started as an organised crime and has emerged as a threat to nation states because of its association with terrorist groups. … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the linkages between terrorism and organized crime.

The state assembly should not be dissolved unlessthe proclamation is approved by the parliament.The party or combination of parties with widestsupport in the Legislative Assembly should becalled upon to form the Government.If there is a pre-poll alliance or coalition, it shouldbe treated as one political party and if suchcoalition obtains a majority, the leader of … Read more DMPQ-Given an account on the recommendation of sarkaria commission in case of Hung assembly.

Some form of activities of charitable organizations include: Advocacy – Charitable organisations working on advocacy or campaigning on issues or causes and they do not implement programs. Consultancy / Research Organizations – Charitable organisation working on social and development research as well as consultancy. Training / Capacity Building Organizations – Charitable organisation helping other charity … Read more DMPQ- Mention the activities of charitable organizations in India.

Under Indian Consititution, All the Fundamental Rights are available against the ‘State’ but only 4 fundamental Rights are available against both State as well as against Private Individual. These Fundamental Rights are : Article 15(2) – Provides that No citizen shall be subject to any kind of discrimination on the basis of his race, religion, … Read more DMPQ- Mention the Enforceability of fundamental rights against state and others.

The village courts are named as Lok Adalat or Nyaya Panchyat which means the service of justice extended to the villagers of India. This is the system for resolving disputes in micro level. The need of these courts is justified though the Madras Village Court Act of 1888. This act is followed by the development … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Village Courts.

Aadhaar is a verifiable 12-digit identification number issued by UIDAI to the resident of India for free of cost. Aadhaar ecosystem comprises of core infrastructures with the objective of providing enrolment, update & authentication services. Advantage of Aadhar: We never had a universally acceptable and portable Id. Aadhar is a free initiative and fully inclusive. … Read more DMPQ: What is Aadhar and Aadhar ecosystem? What are the advantage of Aadhar?

Article 275 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance and not to every state. Also, different sums may be fixed for different states. These sums are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year. Apart from this general provision, the Constitution also provides for specific … Read more DMPQ- What are the differences between discretionary and statutory grants given as per the constitution by the centre to the states?

Intellectual property rights refers to the rights provided to the individuals or organisations pertaining to specific innovation or invention in products or processes for a certain period of time. They exist in the form of Patents, trademarks,Geographical Indications, copyrights etc Need  of IPR: To create an friendly envt. For innovation. Facilitating access to knowledge. Prevent … Read more DMPQ: What are intellectual property rights? What is the need of IPR? List down the objective of IPR policy?

Gram sabha is defined in the constitution under article 243b. It is the primary body of the panchayati Raj system.  It is the sabha of electorate. Functions of Gram Sabha: Considers the annual budget of the Panchayat. Consider the annual admin report of the panchayats Consider proposal for enhancement of taxes and fresh taxation In … Read more DMPQ: What is gram sabha? Write down its functions and challenges faced by gram sabha? ( Polity)

ECI is entrusted with the responsibility of conducting free and fair elections. If democracy is a temple then EC is priest.  But conducting elections for such diverse country and frequent elections is not without challenges. The major challenges with the ECI are as follows:   Constitutional loopholes: The constitution has not prescribed the qualification of … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the Challenges faced by the ECI? List down the reforms brought out by ECI for conducting free and fair elections.

As the chief law officer of the Government of India, the duties of the AG include the following: To give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, which are referred to him by the president. To perform such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to him by the president. … Read more DMPQ- What are the duties and functions of Attorney General of India?

It refers to basing our advice and decisions on rigorous analysis of evidence. OR The principle of objectivity implies that the decisions and actions should be based on observable phenomena and should not be influenced by emotions, biases or personal prejudices. Objectivity ensures: ? Civil servants take decisions on the merit of the case and … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by objectivity? Explain in the light of foundational value of civil services. (ETHICS)

. The President of India exercises suspensive veto when he returns a bill for reconsideration of the Parliament. However, if the bill is passed again by the Parliament with or without amendments and again presented to the President, it is obligatory for the President to give his assent to the bill. This means that the … Read more DMPQ- . Differentiate between the Suspensive veto power and pocket veto power of president of India.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAYG), earlier known as Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), is a scheme for rural housing by the Indian Government. This social welfare program was initiated to meet the objectives of the “Housing for All” scheme by the year 2022. It aims to provide a 25-square meter pucca house including basic … Read more DMPQ- Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin will ensure a house for all. Justify.

Fraternity and dignity of the individuals have a close link. Fraternity is only achievable when the dignity of the individual will be secured and promoted. Therefore, the founding fathers of our Constitution attached supreme importance to it. Our Constitution therefore directs the state through the Directives enshrined in the Part-IV of our Constitution to ensure … Read more DMPQ- Dignity of the individual is enshrined in Indian Constitution. Justify.

Article 21 declares that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. This right is available to both citizens and non-citizens. In the famous Gopalan case (1950), the Supreme Court has taken a narrow interpretation of the Article 21. It held that the protection under … Read more DMPQ- . Explain the importance of article 21 of Indian constitution. How Supreme court of India has expanded it’s scope in recent years?

With the intent to effectively address the evil of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children, Protection Of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) was passed by the parliament in the year 2012. “Children” according to the Act are individuals aged below 18 years. The Act is gender neutral. Different forms of sexual abuse including … Read more DMPQ: Explain in brief the provisions of POSCO ( Acts) (Polity)

Mandamus literally means ‘we command’. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform the official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal or government for the same purpose. The … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on the writ of Mandamus

The Constitution of India stands for a secular state. Hence, it does not uphold any particular religion as the official religion of the Indian State. The following provisions of the Constitution reveal the secular character of the Indian State: The term ‘secular’ was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the secular features of Indian Constitution.

  It will help to reduce the expenditure incurred in conducting elections.  Cost of holding simultaneous election as reckoned by  the election commission is way less than holding independently. Always in electioneering mode entails another costs. Our PM rightly said that how frequent elections and campaigns hurt the federal structure as leaders were “forced to … Read more DMPQ: Recently Prime Minister advocated for simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and local bodies. Discuss the points in favour of conduction simultaneous elections. (Polity)

NGOs are legally constituted organizations, operate independently from the government and are generally considered to be “non-state, non-profit oriented groups who pursue purposes of public interest”.   Why banned: Many of them were found to be violating some provision of the act in some manner, for example Greenpeace India was banned for exceeding the cap … Read more DMPQ: Government of India in the recent past has banned many NGOs both domestic and Indian firm. Why they were banned? What is the benefit for India in banning these NGO’s?

The Constituent Assembly was to have 389 members. Of these, 296 were to be from British India and 93 from the princely Indian states. Initially, however, the Constituent Assembly comprised only members from British India. Election of these were held in July– August 1946. Of the 210 seats in the general category, Congress won 199. … Read more DMPQ- Give a summary of organization and process of India’s constitution aseembly.

. A governor is an integral part of the state legislature. In that capacity, he has the following legislative powers and functions: He can summon or prorogue the state legislature and dissolve the state legislative assembly. He can address the state legislature at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the … Read more DMPQ- “Office of the Governor not only have executive powers but also holds legislative powers.” Elucidate.

Replaced Freedom of Information Act 2002. Jammu and Kashmir has separate Right To Information Act – RTI 2009. RTI relaxes restrictions placed by Official Secrets Act 1923. 3 Levels – Public Information Officer, First Appellate Authority, Central Information Commission(CIC). Time period for Public Information Officer : Expeditiously or within 30 daysfrom the date of receipt by public authority. … Read more DMPQ- What are the Salient Features of Right To Information Act 2005

In spite of criticisms and opposition, the fundamental duties are considered significant from the following viewpoints: They serve as a reminder to the citizens that while enjoying their rights, they should also be conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society and to their fellow citizens. They serve as a warning against the … Read more DMPQ- Explain the significance of fundamental duties in the constitution of India.

The features or principles of parliamentary government in India are: Nominal and Real Executives The President is the nominal executive (de jure executive or titular executive) while the Prime Minister is the real executive (de facto executive). Thus, the President is head of the State, while the Prime Minister is head of the government. Article … Read more DMPQ- . What are important features of Parliamentary system of India’s democracy?

Originally, the right to property was one of the seven fundamental rights under Part III of the Constitution. It was dealt by Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31. Article 19(1)(f) guaranteed to every citizen the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31, on the other hand, guaranteed to every person, whether citizen or … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the position of Right to property since independence.

Social safeguards:   Art 17- abolition of untouchability Art 23- Traffic in human beings and beggar Art 24- prevent child labour. A substantial portion of child labor comes from SC and ST Art 25(2)(b)- Hindu religious institution shall be open to all section without any discrimination. Economic safeguards Art 23 Art 24 Art 46 – … Read more DMPQ: What are the constitutional safeguards there for SC and ST. 

As a federal court, the Supreme Court decides the disputes between different units of the Indian Federation. More elaborately, any dispute between: The Centre and one or more states; or The Centre and any state or states on one side and one or more states on the other; or Between two or more states. In … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the original jurisdiction of supreme court of India.

Judiciary independence is must to maintain a healthy democracy. It keeps a check on the power of legislature and executive. But in the process the power to check shall not be diluted. our constitution makers and evolving judicial interpretation has helped to maintain the autonomy and independence of judiciary. Following are the provisions to maintain … Read more Independence of judiciary is must for healthy democracy. Discuss the provisions   to maintain an independent judiciary

Mahila-e-haat:  It’s an online marketing platform for women. Beneficiary- All Indian women citizens more than 18 years of age and women SHGs.  It’s an initiative for meeting aspirations and need of women entrepreneurs which will leverage technology for showcasing products made/manufactured/sold by women entrepreneurs It has been set up with an investment of under Rs.10 … Read more DMPQ: Give an account of the following( Schemes) a) Mahila e-haat b) Sakhi-one stop centres c) Ujjwala scheme

The fundamental principle underlying the working of parliamentary system of government is the principle of collective responsibility. Article 75 clearly states that the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that all the ministers own joint responsibility to the Lok Sabha for all their acts of ommission and commission. They … Read more DMPQ-Differentiate between the concept of ‘Individual responsibility’ and ‘Collective responsibility’.

Salient Features Anti Agreements Enterprises, persons or associations of enterprises or persons, including cartels, shall not enter into agreements in respect of production, supply, distribution, storage, acquisition or control of goods or provision of services, which cause or are likely to cause an “appreciable adverse impact” on competition in India. Such agreements would consequently be … Read more DMPQ- What are the sailent features of The Competition Act, 2002

The objectives behind the constitution of the Parliamentary forums are: To provide a platform to the members to have interactions with the ministers concerned, experts and key officials from the nodal ministries with a view to have a focused and meaningful discussion on critical issues with a result-oriented approach for speeding up the implementation process; … Read more DMPQ- What are the objectives and composition of the parliamentary forums?

Indian Railways has launched the mission Satyanishtha. It aims at sensitizing all railway employees about the need to adhere to good ethics and to maintain high standards of integrity at work.  It is the first ever such mission by any government organisation. The objectives of the Mission are To train every employee to understand the … Read more DMPQ- Short note on Mission Satyanishtha

Article 34 provides for the restrictions on fundamental rights while martial law is in force in any area within the territory of India. It empowers the Parliament to indemnify any government servant or any other person for any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area where … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the impact of Martial law on the status of Fundamental rights.

There are two kinds of bills that are introduced in parliament for the legislative procedure: Public and Private Bills. Public Bills are called government bill whereas private bills are called private members’ bill. A bill introduced by the Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a Minister, i.e., a non-government member is known as the … Read more DMPQ- What is a Private member bill and how it is different than that of government bill?

Procedure for amendment is laid down in article 368 part XX of the Indian constitution.  Following is the procedure for the amendment of the constitution: Amendment of the constitution can be initiated only by the introduction of a bill in either of the house. State legislature cannot introduce a bill for CA. The bill must … Read more DMPQ: What is the amendment procedure in Indian Constitution?

This committee was setup first in 1921 under the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1919 and has since been in existence. At present, it consists of 22 members (15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha). The members are elected by the Parliament every year from amongst its members … Read more DMPQ- Give historical background of Public account committee. Also mention the important functions performed by the committee.

Comptroller and Auditor general is a constitutional body sanctioned by article 148 of the constitution. Its work is to audit the expenditure incurred by government of India, Government of state from consolidated fund of India, Contingency fund of India, Public accounts of India. Its function is to prepare audit reports on appropriation, finance and public … Read more DMPQ- Autonomous functioning of CAG is an important part to keep our democracy vibrant. Discuss the provisions provided in the constitution to have free functioning of CAG.

For the conduct of free and fair elections an independent Election Commission has been provided for in Article 324. The constitution makers has not left the elections to jurisdiction of the executive and legislative departments of the government. The role played by ECI are as follows: Conduction of elections: President, VP, Rajya sabha lok sabha, … Read more DMPQ: Safeguarding the political right is an integral part of the constitution. In this context discuss the role of election commission.