Polity

Article 142 provides that “the Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it…”   In the initial years the use of article 142 was for constructing purpose like with one stroke pen … Read more DMPQ:What is article 142 of the constitution? Do you think it is foraying into forbidden territory?

Naga areas were totally isolated during British rule and after Independence, government of India sought to integrate them, but they opposed in favor of a separate independent state under leadership of A Phizo and British officers and missionaries support. In 1955, a violent campaign was launched by Nagas and they declared independence from Assam and … Read more DMPQ- “Transition to statehood of Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh was smooth, it was not so in case of Nagaland and Mizoram.” Elucidate.

Article 123 of the Constitution grants the President certain law making powers to promulgate Ordinances when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session and hence it is not possible to enact laws in the Parliament.      An ordinance may relate to any subject that the parliament has the power to legislate on. … Read more DMPQ: Re -promulgation of ordinance is a threat to the democratic set up. In light of the statement discuss what is ordinance making power of president? limitations on ordinance making power.

Article 21-A of the Constitution of India and its consequent legislation, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 became operative in the country in 2010. The RTE Act confers the right to elementary education on all children, in the age group of 6-14 years, on the basis of equality of … Read more DMPQ-Discuss the importance of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to ensure the right of children to free and compulsory education.

Both Lokpal and Lokayukta are characterised by the following features:   (1) They, in fact, are the institutions of Indian administrative system. Their fundamental duty is to make the public administration of India free from corruption.   (2) These two institutions are impartial. When they are called for performing any duty they will discharge it … Read more DMPQ:Explain the proposed office of Lokpal in the law and his jurisdictions in India

Indian  constitution is a sacred document but not a static one. It allows changes if the demand is made by the society. Indian constitution is not envisaged to be rigid it was made flexible enough to be accommodative of the dynamic aspiration of society. More than 100 amendments in the constitution hitherto is a proof … Read more DMPQ- Indian constitution is a living document. Comment

The Government of Indian Act was passed by the British parliament in 1935 and came into effect in 1937. It was based on a report by a Joint Select Committee, led by Lord Linlithgow, set up the two houses of the British parliament. The report, in turn, was the result of the Joint Committee’s scrutiny … Read more DMPQ- “Government of India Act of 1935 became the precedent of Constitution of India.” Critically evaluate.

Parliament is not so powerful as compared to British counter part due to: Written nature of the constitution. Doctrine of the basic structure of the constitution Doctrine of the Judicial review. Federal system of government List system and the powers of Union and states are predetermined Fundamental rights cannot be violated as per article 13. … Read more DMPQ: Indian Parliament is not absolute authority akin to British parliament. Comment.

DPSP are enshrined in part IV of the constitution and they are constitutional direction to achieve social and economic democracy in India. They are akin to instrument of instruction and are fundamental to the governance of the country. They have paramount utility as: They act as a source of benchmark to judge the performance of … Read more DMPQ- DPSP are non justiciable but still they possess paramount utility. comment

Quasi-judicial bodies have powers analogous to that of the law-imposing bodies but these are not courts. They have all the powers of a civil court. They primarily oversee the administrative zones. The courts have the power to supervise over all types of disputes but the quasi-judicial bodies are the ones with the powers of imposing … Read more DMPQ- What are quasi Judicial bodies?

Composition of NCST  The Commission comprises a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson and three full time members (including one lady member).  The term of office Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and Member of NCST is three years from the date of assumption of charge.  The Chairperson has been given the rank of Union Cabinet Minister The Vice-Chairperson has the rank … Read more DMPQ- . Explain the structure and functions of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes in India.

The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions (Articles 302 to 305) of Part XIII of the Constitution itself. These are explained below: (i)           Parliament can impose restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse between the states or … Read more DMPQ- The freedom guaranteed by Article 301 is a freedom from all restrictions, except those which are provided for in the other provisions. Still reasonable restriction can be put. Comment on the statement.

Some of the core public service values are as follows: Accountability: This is essential in field of public administration and particularly important within the context of administrative discretion. Effective administration requires administrators to exercise the discretion with accountability. Legitimacy: The public interest might also be considered as significant value. Although, there are numerous types and … Read more DMPQ- Explain the core public service values.

Amnesty International recorded at least 657 executions in 20 countries in 2018, down by 5% from 2018 (at least 690 executions). This figure represents the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has recorded in at least a decade. Reasons to abolish death Penalty: It is irreversible and mistakes happen.Execution is the ultimate, irrevocable punishment: … Read more DMPQ- Whether death Penalty shall be the trait of a mature democratic country. Comment

Model code of conduct are directives given to political parties to ensure free and fair elections at the same time to maintain  high standards in the elections. The provisions of the conducts are not legally binding.  The MCC comes into force with the declaration of election schedule. Election commission can enforce MCC in following ways: … Read more DMPQ- What is model code of conduct? How Election commission can enforce it.

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is … Read more Explain the Salient features of Indian Constitution?

The second component under Ayushman Bharat is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna or PM-JAY as it is popularly known. This scheme was launched on 23rd September, 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims … Read more DMPQ- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya yojana.

As per the law under the section 33(7) of the Representation of the People Act, a candidate can contest from two seats. Recently the SC gave the ruling to examine this provision. This provision shall be done away with as : In case of winning from both seats as per section 70 of RoPA, the … Read more DMPQ: Why the provision of contesting from two seats simultaneously shall be examine?

Section 53 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code creates a waterfall mechanism, whereby the proceeds from the sale of the liquidation assets in respect of a corporate debtor are required to be distributed in a certain order of priority. Topping the list are the costs associated with insolvency resolution process and liquidation, which are followed … Read more DMPQ: What do you mean by Waterfall mechanism?

The essence of federalism lies in the sharing of legal sovereignty by the union and the federation units. This separation of power is done through list system enshrined in 7th schedule of the constitution. There are Union list ( Centre law making zone), State list ( state law making zone), Concurrent list ( both can … Read more DMPQ-Concurrent list in the constitution is source of tension between Centre and state. Comment

Constitutional status was accorded to the cooperative societies via 97th Constitutional amendment act. Apart from providing for the right to form cooperative societies to be a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India and insertion of Article 43B under the Directive Principles of State Policy on promotion of cooperative societies, the amendment … Read more DMPQ- Why cooperative societies were accorded constitutional status?

President rule can be imposed under article 356 in the event of constitutional breakdown of the state.  After invocation of the article, the state comes under the direct control of the central government. Executive authority us exercised through governor, who has the authority to appoint retired civil servants or other administrators to assist him. In … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the provisions under article 356. (POLITY)

This doctrine originated under the US constitution, like the theory of separation of power its objective is also to secure the liberty of the people and limit the authority of the government. Its inclusion in the constitution is an acknowledgement of the fact that it is not desirable to have a clear severance of the … Read more DMPQ: What is the doctrine of check and balances? (Polity)

Article 142 provides discretionary power to the Supreme Court as it states that the court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it. Such decree shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in … Read more DMPQ- Do you think article 142 undermines the status of legislature and Executive?

The parliamentary system of government in India is largely based on the British parliamentary system. However, it never became a replica of the British system and differs in the following respects: India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. In other words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) … Read more DMPQ- . “Indian Parliamentary system is not a replica of British Parliament.” Explain the statement.

The Union Cabinet  gave its approval to the National Policy on Electronics 2019 (NPE 2019), proposed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The Policy envisions positioning India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and Manufacturing – (ESDM) by encouraging and driving capabilities in the country for developing core components, including … Read more DMPQ:What are the salient features of National Electronic Policy?

The process for the appointment of judges lies at the heart of an independent judiciary. The Second Judges’ case of 1993 led to the formation of a collegium of high-ranking judges which has since then identifying persons for appointment to the SC and high courts. While the collegium began with a desire for judicial independence, the recent … Read more DMPQ: Independence, impartiality and fearlessness of judges are not private rights of judges but citizen’s rights. Ultimately judicial legitimacy/ power rests on people’s confidence in courts. In this context discuss the concerns with the collegium system. (POLITY)

The independence of a high court is very essential for the effective discharge of the duties assigned to it. It should be free from the encroachments, pressures and interferences of the executive (council of ministers) and the legislature. It should be allowed to do justice without fear or favour. The Constitution has made the following … Read more DMPQ- . Discuss the constitutional provisions placed to ensure the independence of High courts in India.

Good Governance is an approach to government that is committed to creating a system founded in justice and peace that protects individual’s human rights and civil liberties. According to the United Nations, Good Governance is measured by the eight factors of Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Oriented, Equity and Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Efficiency, … Read more DMPQ- Define the concept of Good governance and discuss various aspects of it.

The rule of equality before law is not absolute and there are constitutional and other exceptions to it. These are mentioned below: The President of India and the Governor of States enjoy the following immunities (Article 361): The President or the Governor is not answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the constitutional and other exceptions to the right to equality under Article 14.

Coalition is a reality in a diverse country like India. Initially it was seen as a hurdle but Indian political system has done well to cope up with the demerits of Coalition system.  Although different party have varied ideology but they have certain minimum commonalities like removing poverty and unemployment. Here are the ways through … Read more DMPQ: Coalition is a reality and can’t be avoided in Indian context. Suggest the ways for coalitions to work. (Polity)

Functions of The Election Commission of India The Superintendence, Direction and Control of Election Preparation of Electoral Rolls To declare the date of Election To reognise and derecognise Political Parties To prepare code of conduct for Political Parties Control over the staff connected with Election To conduct Election To establish Polling Stations Safety of Ballot Boxes … Read more DMPQ- Mention the main Functions of The Election Commission of India.

The Election Commission has invoked its powers under Art 324 to curtail campaigning in West Bengal following violence in Kolkata. The Election Commission of India passed an unprecedented order ending the campaign in West Bengal at 10 pm the following day instead of 5 pm on May 17 as was notified earlier, and is the … Read more DMPQ- First time in the history of elections art 324 was invoked. What is article 324?

PMO is the attached office of the Prime minister. It acts as a centralised agency. The relevance of PMO is decided by the person holding the post of the PM and the kind of government majority government or minority government. Relevance of PMO: Acts as a repository of data, records, files etc. Hence provide continuity … Read more DMPQ- What is PMO? Comment on its relevance. (POLITY)

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is an authority, established by the Constitution of India under article 148, who audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India. The constitution makes the CAG the guardian of the public purse. Primary duty of CAG is to see that neither the union government nor … Read more DMPQ: The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) is the institution through which the accountability of the government to Parliament and through Parliament to the people is ensured. Discuss. ( Polity)

Top Class Education for ST Students This is a Central Sector Scholarship Scheme for ST students introduced from the academic year 2007-08 with the objective of encouraging meritorious ST students for pursing studies at Degree and Post Graduate level in any of the Institutes identified by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for the purpose. Eklavya … Read more DMPQ- Criticall Analyse the programs and policies for Educational empowerment of scheduled tribes in India.

Advantage of EVM: Saving of lot of papers and hence eco-friendly. Time saver as result declaration does not take too much of time. It reduces the chance of booth capturing. No bogus vote and no double vote. EVM can be run on 6 volt battery. Concerns associated with EVM Hacking and manipulation of EVM.( even … Read more DMPQ: EVM offer a smooth way for functioning of polling and result declaration but still they are always under radar. In this context , explain the advantage of EVM over ballot and the concern raised against its use

  Dual Control Commissionerate system Dual command structure over the district police means that control and direction over the police vests with the SP (head of district police) and the District Magistrate (executive). Unified command structure with the Commissioner of Police (rank of the Deputy Inspector General or above) as the sole head of the … Read more DMPQ- What is the difference between dual system of control and the Commissionerate system.

Question Hour The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for this. During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers. The questions are of three kinds, namely, starred, unstarred and short notice. A starred question (distinguished by an asterisk) requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow. … Read more DMPQ-Discuss the major devices of Parliamentary procedure.

The Constitution provides a scheme for demarcation of powers through three ‘lists’ in the seventh schedule. The aim of the concurrent list was to ensure uniformity across the country where independently both centre and state can legislate. However, there is increasing centralization of power vis a vis Concurrent list which is axiomatic- Since 1950, the … Read more DMPQ-Concurrent list subjects have become the area of tension between union and state government. Comment

Internal democracy in political parties refers to the level and methods of including party members in the decision making and deliberation within the party structure. India shall move toward inter party democracy as it is on the line of values of democracy.   Arguments in favour of  inner party democracy: Hold leaders accountable Dismantling of nepotism … Read more DMPQ: What is inter party democracy? How it is advantageous?

Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 is an Act of Parliament of India enacted for the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas or village courts for speedy and easy access to justice system in the rural areas of India. The State Government, after consultation with the High Court, may, by notification, establish one or more Gram Nyayalayas for every … Read more DMPQ-Write down the salient features of the Gram Nyalaya Act, 2008?

Co-operative federalism is a concept of federalism in which the centre, state and local governments share responsibility in governance of the people and design policies that would enable it.Due to changing political system like emergence of strong regional parties, demands forautonomy and coalition governments in the center and the challenges of Globalization suchas International treaties, … Read more DMPQ:What is cooperative federalism? What are the example of cooperative federalism?

Need of Independent judiciary: To have rule of law Ensure constitutional ethos and values remain intact. Prevent whims and fancies, arbitrariness of Legislature and Executive To do complete Justice Act as a ray of hope if executives and legislature fail to deliver on democratic and constitutional principles, values and ethos. Ensure Fundamental rights are not … Read more DMPQ- Explain the importance of an Independent judiciary and describe the constitutional provisions to ensure the independence of Judiciary.

Reasons: Low police officials to population ratio Insensitivity of police towards weaker sections. Women and Dalits are poorly represented in the police personnel. Changing dynamics of crime eg cyber-crime, digital frauds. Corruption in the police system. Lack of civilian trust. Politicization and allegiance towards ruling party. Lack of technological capabilities necessary to perform quality investigations. … Read more DMPQ: Police must develop smart tactics to address the changing nature of violence. Why police is in the need of the reforms? ( Governance/polity)

Better Savings Account Rates Increased inflation may lead may turn out to be investor friendly, Investors with short-term aims might invest in a high-interest savings account, which may get better opportunities as increasing inflation often prompts the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates. Better savings can be more positive in the form of better return … Read more DMPQ- . In how many ways inflation affect the indian economy?

  Another criticism of Regional Parties is their exclusionary ideology. Some parties like Shiv Sena function on double exclusion, by invoking Maratha and Hindu pride. These thus create artificial differences in society, by highlighting differences and ignoring the commonalities. Most national parties, on the other hand, have all inclusive ‘sarvajanik’ principles, inclusive of all people … Read more DMPQ-Do regional parties promote national integration of different parts of society?

A child is permitted to work only to help family, in family enterprise or as child artistafter school hours or during vacations. The amendment has introduced the concept of adolescent labour for the first time. An adolescent has been defined as a person between the ages of 14-18 years. The amendment permit employment of adolescent … Read more DMPQ- What were the amendments made in the child and adolescent labor (prohibition and regulation ) Act, 1986?

ECI is entrusted with the responsibility of conducting free and fair elections. If democracy is a temple then EC is priest.  But conducting elections for such diverse country and frequent elections is not without challenges. The major challenges with the ECI are as follows:   Constitutional loopholes: The constitution has not prescribed the qualification of … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the Challenges faced by the ECI? List down the reforms brought out by ECI for conducting free and fair elections.

Minority Commission: The “Minorities Commission”, aimed to safeguard and protect the interests of the minorities, was set up by the Government of India in January, 1978. This Commission became a statutory body and was renamed as the “National Commission for Minorities” with the enactment of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. Under Section 2(C) … Read more DMPQ- Mention the provisions of Minority Commission.