History

Permanent Settlement The Permanent Settlement or Zamindari Sysem was introduced by Lord Corniwallis in 1793. In Bengal, North Cauvery Delta in Madras Presidency and Varanasi division. It covered altogether 19% of the total cultivable land under company rule. Terms and Conditions of the System Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the … Read more DMPQ- List out the various land revenue system of British India.

Aihole also referred to as Aivalli, Ahivolal or Aryapura, is a historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in north Karnataka, India dated from the sixth century through the twelfth century CE. Aihole is 22 miles (35 km) from Badami and about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Pattadakal, both of … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on the significance of Aihole region.

Begar  a form of social labour without payment. Its origin goes back to the pre-money era when labour was viewed as an important item of exchange. The land of the king and his men and priests were cultivated by peasants in exchange of some tenurial rights in land granted by the king. When the state … Read more DMPQ-Explain Begar as a form of social labour.

  Established in 1915, the Mahasabha (known previously as the Sarvadeshak Hindu Sabha) has been struggling to stay politically and socially relevant. Local forerunners to the Mahasabha had been sprouting across the country since the early decades of the 20th century when the All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 and the British announced … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the role of Hindu mahasabha in Indian freedom struggle.

The three secrets of the Bhagavad-Gita Great scholars of the Bhagavad-Gita say that the scripture fundamentally deals with three primary teachings, which are called the three secrets. The first secret is about duty. A person must do his duty according to his nature (swadharmacharana). The second truth is about the hidden Self. In everyone there … Read more DMPQ- Mention the The three secrets of the Bhagavad-Gita.

The Indian handicrafts that had made the country famous, collapsed under the colonial rule. There was a sudden and quick collapse of the urban handicrafts which had for centuries made India’s name a byword in the markets of the entire civilised world. During the first half of 18th century, India was the biggest manufacturing nation … Read more DMPQ- What were the major reasons for the decline of traditional Indian handicrafts Industries after reaching zenith in Mughal era?

. Construction of stupas and viharas as part of monastic establishments became part of the Buddhist tradition. However, in this period, apart from stupas and viharas, stone pillars, rock-cut caves and monumental figure sculptures were carved at several places. The tradition of constructing pillars is very old and it may be observed that erection of … Read more DMPQ- “Stone pillars, rock-cut caves and monumental figure sculptures were the important characteristics of mauryan art.” Elucidate.

Indigeneous tradition as well as modern research trace the origin of Indian drama to the Vedas. In the Ramayana we hear of drama troupes of women while Kautilyas Arthshastra mentions musicians, dancers and dramatic shows. Drama is a performing art, which has also been practised since times immemorial. Drama could spring from a child’s play. … Read more DMPQ- . Trace the origin of Drama in India. Also mention the regional versions of Dram in India.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq was the successor of Mohammed Bin Tughlaq. Firuz Shah was a caring ruler unlike Mohammed bin Tughlaq. He made sure that people in his kingdom were happy and heard out their problems patiently. However, he was not militarily strong and could not sustain any sort of external attacks or aggression. Firuz Shah … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay on the rule of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

Weimar republic which came in power in Germany after first world war failed to solve the problems and soon Germany turned into a fascist state. The reasons for it’s failures are as follows : Republic lacked legitimacy from the outset. This was a result of the elites fleeing the nation just before the war ended. … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the reasons for the failure of Weimar republic ?

Bengal regulation (1829) banning sati Bengal regulation (1795) -declaring infanticide illegal Hindu widow remarriage act, 1956 Age of consent Act, 1891 Sarda Act, 1930   Explain Them….

Effects of Doctrine of Lapse: Many Indian states lost their sovereignty and became British territories. This led to a lot of unrest among the Indian princes. A lot of people were unhappy with the ‘illegal’ nature of this doctrine and this was one of the causes of the Indian Revolt of 1857. Nana Sahib and … Read more DMPQ- What are the main effects of Doctrine of Lapse?

The Treaty of Versailles established a blueprint for the postwar world. One of the most controversial terms of the treaty was the War Guilt clause, which explicitly and directly blamed Germany for the outbreak of hostilities. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, to make territorial concessions, and to pay reparations to the Allied powers in … Read more DMPQ- . The roots of the rise of Fascism laid in Paris Peace conference. Explain.

:   Major provisions of the act are as follows:   Introduction of portfolio system by lord canning. Expansion of executive council. Now there were 4 members. For legislative purpose, the governor general council was expanded. Now 6-12 additional members can be nominated. There were appointed for a period of 2 years. Out of these, at … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the provisions of the charter act of 1861.(history)

C rajagopalchari tried to resolve the deadlock between muslim league and Congress to arrive at a solution. He proposed a formula to address the issues between the two different political entity. The plan was given in 1944 and a formula to hold talks with jinnah. The following is the formula: The muslim league while endorsing … Read more DMPQ: Jinnah turn down Rajagopalchari proposal as it offered a ‘Mutilated and moth-eaten Pakistan. What was the Rajagopalchari formula? ( History)

Religious reform began among the Parsis in Mumbai in the middle of the 19th century. In 1851, the Rehnumai Maz’dayasan Sabha or Religious Reform Association was founded by Nauroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.S. Bengalee and others. They started a journal Rast Goftar, for the purpose of social-religious reforms among the Parsis. They also played an … Read more DMPQ- Parsi religious reform movement in British India enabled the Parsis to became socially the most westernized section of Indian society. Justify.

Indus Valley Civilization Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium BCE. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab … Read more Revised Notes and Live Class- Indus Valley Civilization

Main Differences Between Mathura School of Arts and Gandhara School of Arts-   (1) Origin Mathura School: No foreign Influence, however, later it cross fertilized with the Gandhara School. Its development took place indigenously. Gandhara School: Strong Greek influence.  Was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the Main Differences Between Mathura School of Arts and Gandhara School of Arts.

There were two Systems of government in the Eastern region. The states of Anga, Magadha, Vatsa etc. were monarchies. Those of Kasf, Kaulala, Videha etc. on the other band were republics. Two of these republics were quite well known, the Republics of the Vajjis or Licchavis and that of the Mallas. Republics were later developments of monarchies and the precursors of democracies. The Licchavis founded their Republic … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on the republican constitution of the The Licchavi’s .

Lord Wellesley adopted the policy of Subsidiary Alliance to keep the Indian rulers under control and to further strengthen the British Empire in India. He opened a college to train the Company’s servants in Calcutta and is known as the Father of Civil Services in India. Lord Wellesley founded the Fort William College in Calcutta, … Read more DMPQ- Analyse the effects of Subsidiary Alliance on the political history of India and Maratha empire in Particular.

The purpose of the cabinet mission plan was to obtain an agreement with the Indian Leaders as to the framing of a constitution in India. The other purpose was to formulate the schemes for formulation of Constitution making body and to form interim government.   Reaction to the cabinet Mission Plan: Congress:        Against the … Read more DMPQ: What was the purpose of Cabinet Mission Plan? How it was received by major political entities of the time? ( History)

The Vedic period is the period in the history of the northwestern Indian subcontinent between the end of the urban indus valley civilisation and a second urbanisation in the central gangetic plain which begain in C. 600 BCE. The vedic period is divided into two period one is pre vedic era(c.1500-c.1200 BCE) and the other is … Read more What are the changes one can observe from pre vedic era to the  late vedic era? 

Certainly, on the English side, great men like Lawrence, Clive, Eorde, Coote, and Saunders. But, much as British owe to such men, it is impossible to conceal the fact that, to a very great extent indeed, the success of the English was due to the misfortunes of the French. The foes of the French were, … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Reasons for defeat of French in the Battle of Wandiwash(1760).

Features are as follows: Sculptures have an ordered appearance with little effect of crowding. They are depicted in three-dimensional forms. Delicate ornamentations. Back slabs of the sculptures are detailed. Nalanda bronzes: dating from 7th and 8th centuries to the 12th century; outnumber the metal images from entire eastern India. Initially depict Mahayana Buddhist deities like … Read more DMPQ- Features of Nalanda school of sculpture.

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist. He was elected to  the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s. Elected to the British Parliament in 1892, he founded the India Society (1865) and the East India Association (1866) in London. He was elected thrice … Read more DMPQ- Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist. Discuss the contribution of Dada bhai Naroji.

Jainism grew in India many thousands of years ago. As with Hinduism, some Jains believe that the origins are millions of years ago, although obviously it is impossible to verify the exact origins. The more realistic assessment is that the religion dates back to the second or third millennium BCE, and there are archaeological remnants … Read more DMPQ: Trace the evolution and growth of Jainism in India.

Alauddin took steps to make administration rigid and sound along with conquering of kingdom. He banned the meddling of Ulemas and other religious leaders in the administration. He declared that the Sultan’s will is the law. To curb the audacious relatives and aristocrats he took few very important steps. For example: He banned drinking of alcohol in … Read more DMPQ- Mention the administrative policies of Alauddin Khilji

:  The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of India between 1848 and 1856. There was a widespread custom of adoption among the Indian kings to secure an heir in the absence of a natural successor i.e. son. But as per the doctrine of lapse … Read more DMPQ: . Explain the role of doctrine of lapse and doctrine of escheat in the formation of British empire. (HISTORY )

Early Nationalists neither desired complete independence nor adopted any aggressive attitude against the foreign government. They relied on petition, prayer, and moderate criticism of government policies as their methods. They had faith in the British idea of justice. They believed that just by drawing attention of the government towards a particular problem e.g. lack of … Read more DMPQ: Moderates played an important role in the Freedom struggle. What are the characteristics of Indian Nationalism?

Ramanuja: Born in A.D. 1166 in a small town near Chenni (Madras), Ramanuja was a worshipper of Vishnu and preached Vaishnavism. He had a great following in the South. Ramananda: The greatest preacher of this cult in north India was Ramananda. He discarded all caste distinctions and his disciples belonged to all castes.   Kabir: … Read more DMPQ: Name some of the famous Bhakti saints of Medieval India.

. The noncooperation movement spread from cities to rural areas and included  peasants tribal areas as well. In Awadh, peasants were led by ‘Baba Ramchandra’ – a sanyasi who had earlier been to  Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movement here was against talukdars and landlords  who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents and a … Read more DMPQ- “Different regions of India had different interpretation of non-cooperation movement.” Explain.

These style is also called as the Deccan style as most of the temples of this Temple architecture style are found in Deccan region. Characteristics: It is a hybridized style formed by combining features of both Dravida and Nagara Style of Temple architecture. This style had Spire shaped Shikhara inspired by Nagara style The Mandapa … Read more DMPQ- Vesara style of Architecture.

Cholas were great patron of art and architecture. Brihadeshwar temple and bronze sculpture of Nataraj are testimony to that. Cholas built many temples throughout their kingdoms. For example temple at Narthamalai, kumbakonam, etc. The major features of Chola art and architecture are as follows:   Architecture: Use of local stones They followed the pallava style … Read more DMPQ:Discuss the characteristics of the Chola art and their contribution in the field of art and architecture. (Ancient Art)

Krishna Raja Wodeyar III was responsible for the cultural growth of the Mysore. Krishna Raja Wodeyar III was himself a writer, having written the books on Kannada Language like Sritattvanidhi and Sougandhikaparinaya. Krishna Raja Wodeyar III also has a number of writers in his court who together contributed to the development of modern prose in … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the Contribution of Krishna Raja Wodeyar III in the cultural growth of the Mysore

Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India is being marked this April. It was undertaken in the erstwhile undivided Champaran district in northern Bihar. He went there in April, 1917 on learning about the abuses suffered by the cultivators of the district, forced into growing indigo by British planters/estate owners. ‘The Champaran tenant’, informs Gandhi, ‘was … Read more DMPQ:By his own admission, Gandhi was on a humanitarian rather than a political mission to Champaran. But Champaran changed the course of the freedom struggle.

  The Governor-General of Bengal was re-designated as the Governor-General of India. This made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor-General of India. Thus, the country’s administration was unified under one control. The Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers. The Governor-General had legislative powers over entire British India. The Governor-General in council had … Read more DMPQ: Outline the provisions of charter act 1833. (history)

Bose was an Indian Nationalist and prominent figure of the India Independence movement. His contribution towards India’s freedom struggle was of revolutionary kind. The main contribution of S C Bose is discussed here under: During NCM he organised National schools and colleges and worked for Hindu Muslim Unity. He was appointed the Principal of National … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the role played by Subash Chandra boss in the Indian national freedom struggle.

During the fourth century BC, the Greeks and the Persians fought for supremacy over West Asia. The Achaemenid empire was finally destroyed by the Greeks under the leadership of Alexander of Macedon. He conquered Asia Minor, Iraq and Iran and then marched towards India. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Alexander was greatly attracted towards … Read more DMPQ- How did Greek invasion affected Indian culture in 4th century?

Arjuna’s Penance Mamallapuram   This magnificent relief, carved in the mid-seventh century, measures approximately 30m (100ft) long by 15m (45ft) high. Its huge size and scale is difficult to imagine just from photographs; a person standing on the ground in front of it could barely touch the elephants’ feet.   The subject is either Arjuna’s … Read more DMPQ- Arjuna penance

The Non-cooperation movement was perhaps the biggest event in the history of India’s struggle for independence since the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The movement was launched as a protest against the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre and the Khilafat movement. It was pitched in under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National … Read more DMPQ- . Enumerate the features of the Non cooperation Movement.

A battle was fought in Bhima Koregaon, a district in Pune with a strong historical Dalit connection, between the Peshwa forces and the British on January 1, 1818. The British army, which comprised mainly of Dalit soldiers, fought the upper caste-dominated Peshwa army. The British troops defeated the Peshwa army. The victory was seen as a … Read more DMPQ- Why Bhima Koregaon is seen as a Dalit symbol? Comment on its historical importance and its relevance in present time.

Jyoti rao phule is considered as one of the major reformer of 19th century. His contribution towards women education, eradication of caste system, raising voice against the social evils like untouchability  etc. is unparalleled in the Modern history. Jyotirao established the first girls’ school in August 1848. Later he also opted two more school for … Read more DMPQ- Comment on the contribution of Jyoti rao phule towards Indian society.

Peasant uprisings were protests against evictions, increase in rents of land, and the moneylenders’ greedy ways; and their aim was occupancy rights for peasants among other things. They were revolts and rebellions of the peasants themselves though led by local leaders in many cases. The peasant movements in India till the outbreak of the Revolt … Read more DMPQ- . In the early phase of British colonism Peasant Movements has religious overtones. Elucidate.

painting was immensely influenced by Islamic culture. Humayun had spent more than twelve years in Persia as a refugee. He brought painters with him to India when he became the ruler of Delhi once again in 1555. Famous among them were Mir Sayid Ali and Abdus Samad who nurtured the tradition of painting manuscript. An … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay about the evolution of Paintings during Mughal period.

Between 1948 and 1951, the United States undertook what many consider to be one of its more successful foreign policy initiatives and most effective foreign aid programs. The Marshall Plan (the Plan) and the European Recovery Program (ERP) that it generated involved an ambitious effort to stimulate economic growth in a despondent and nearly bankrupt … Read more DMPQ- How important was the Marshall Plan in bringing about the recovery of Western Europe between 1947 and 1951?