History

Diwani-i-WIzarat:It was the finance department headed by the wazir (Prime-minister). Naib wazir acted as deputy to wazir. The wazir was assisted by the mushrif-i-mamalik, (accountant) who maintained a record of the accounts and the mustauf-i-mamalik (auditor) who audited this account. Under Firuz Tughluq, wazirs became hereditary.   Diwan-i-Ariz:   Headed by the Ariz-i-mamalik, it was the … Read more DMPQ: Define the following terms: a) Diwan-i-wizarat b) Diwan-I-Arz c) Diwan-i-Insha d) Diwan-i-Risalat

. The British government in India had been hostile to the Congress from the beginning. Even after the Moderates, who dominated the Congress from the beginning, began distancing themselves from the militant nationalist trend which had become visible during the last decade of the nineteenth century itself, government hostility did not stop. This was because, … Read more DMPQ- Describe the British reaction against national movement after the introduction of swadesi movement and increasing influence of extremist leaders.

Features are as follows: Synthesis of Dravidian architecture with Islamic style. Carved pillars with horse as the common motif. Kalyan mandapas or open pavilions and long multi pillared halls. Exceptionally large gopurams. Fortification of temples with more specious enclosure. Chariots streets paved with stone slabs and lined with pillared pavilions. Large tanks and canals for … Read more DMPQ-Write the features of Vijaynagar architecture.

Modern education main constituent is imbibing scientific enquiry into the subject. Reasoning and observation are important pillars of modern education. Even though, EIC came in 1600 they didn’t take any firm effort in introducing modern education until the enacting of Charter act of 1813. Major evolutionary phase of modern education are discussed here under: In … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the evolution of modern education in India.

Painting as an art form has flourished in India from very early times as is evident from the remains that have been discovered in the caves, and the literary sources. The history of art and painting in India begins with the pre-historic rock painting at Bhimbetka caves (M.P.) where we have drawings and paintings of … Read more DMPQ- . Point out the early beginning of painting as an art in India.

The 1919 Amritsar massacre, known alternatively as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar, was ordered by General R.E.H. Dyer. On Sunday April 13, 1919, which happened to be ‘Baisakhi’, one of Punjab’s largest religious festivals, fifty British Indian Army soldiers, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, … Read more DMPQ:Why Jalliawalla Massacre is an important event in India’s freedom struggle? (MODERN HISTORY)

World War 1 ended with Treaty of Versailles where Allied power dictated the terms of treaty with little or no participation of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh of Germany and many of the provisions of treaty were even not fully supported by Britain and USA. The provision of Treaty are following: Demilitarization … Read more DMPQ- Analyze the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and examine the validity of Germany’s objections to the treaty.

Foreign travelers India has always been the dream destination for people who want to explore one of the earliest civilizations in the world. Since time immemorial, India has received a number of keen travelers who came here and fell in love with its traditions and colors. Hiuen Tsang from China (629-645) One of the earliest … Read more DMPQ: Write a note on the foreign travelers to ancient and medieval India.

. In May 1787, fifty?five delegates from twelve of the thirteen states met in Philadelphia. Among them were George Washington (chosen as the chair), Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. As a group, the delegates were men in their thirties and forties, many were lawyers, and most had served in Congress. Although the stated … Read more DMPQ- What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution? Do you agree the US constitution being an Economic Document?

Chalcolithic period Art: Copper age art. The paintings of this period reveal the association, contact and mutual exchange of requirements of the cave dwellers of this area with settled agricultural communities of the Malwa Plateau. Pottery and metal tools can be seen in paintings. Similarities with rock paintings:Common motifs (designs/patterns like cross-hatched squares, lattices etc) … Read more DMPQ- What are the main features of Chalcolithic period Art?

Self-Respect Movement was a dynamic social movement aimed at destroying the contemporary Hindu social order in its totality and creating a new, rational society without caste, religion and god. Self-Respect Movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in Tamil Nadu in 1925. It was an egalitarian movement that propagated the ideologies of breaking down of the Brahminical hegemony, equal rights for the … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on self respect movement.

System of dyarchy was introduced. The dyarchy means a system of double government in which The principle of dyarchy was a division of the executive branch of each provincial government into authoritarian and popularly responsible sections. The first was composed of executive councillors, appointed, as before, by the crown. The second was composed of ministers … Read more Outline the features of the government of India act, 1909.

As an answer to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge, an All Parties Conference met in February 1928and appointed a subcommittee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to draft a. This was the first major attempt by the Indians to draft a constitutionalframework for the country. The committee included Tej Bahadur Sapru, Subhash Bose, M.S.Aney, Mangal Singh, Ali … Read more DMPQ-What were the main recommendations of Nehru Report?

1857 goes down in the annals of history as major landmark in Indian freedom struggle. Where under the leadership of bahadur shah jafar, Indians tried to forced Britishers out of India. Revolt failed to achieve its objective, but it brought major changes in British administration. The limitation of 187 revolt were: Territorial limitation: Even though … Read more DMPQ: Revolt of 1857 has its own limitation. Discuss the limitation of the revolt.

What were the causes and consequences of Third battle of Panipat? Ans:       The question of sovereignty over Punjab and its capture and loss alternatively and repeatedly by the Marathas and Abdali during the period 1752-60 became the immediate cause of the battle of Panipat. Sadashiv Rao Bhau, the commander of the Marathas, reached Delhi in … Read more DMPQ-What were the causes and consequences of Third battle of Panipat?

  i) Realisation that the true nature of British rule was exploitative, and the government, instead of conceding more, was taking away even what existed. ii) Growth of self- confidence and self- respect. iii) Impact of growth of education- increase in awareness and     unemployment. iv) International influences and events which demolished the myth of white/ … Read more DMPQ: Why there was the growth of militant nationalism at the end of the 19th century? (history)

Akbar’s policy (Akbar – Shah Jahan) After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close relationships with the Mughal emperors and served them in different capacities It was due to the support of the Rajputs that Akbar was able to lay the foundations of the Mughal empire in India. Some Rajput nobles gave away their … Read more DMPQ- Differentiate between the Akbar’s and Aurangzeb’s policy for Rajputs.

There is a remarkable similarities between bhakti movement and sufism. This is reflected in the socio-religious life of the then era. Major similarities between bhakti movement and sufism are as follows: Element of tolerance is the basic constituent of both streams. They buttressed hindu-muslim unity. This can be testified by the number of followers from … Read more DMPQ: What are the similarities between bhakti movement and sufism? (Medieval INDIA/ BHAKTI MOVEMENT)

Features of Mughal Paintings: The Mughal pictures were small in size, and hence are known as ‘miniature paintings’. Though the Mughal art absorbed the Indian atmosphere, it neither represented the Indian emotions, nor the scenes from the daily life of the Indian. Hence, Mughal painting remained confined to the Mughal court and did not reach … Read more DMPQ- The paintings during the Jahangir reached zenith. Comment on the features of Mughal paintings.

The Vellore Mutiny predated the Indian Revolt of 1857 by about 50 years. It erupted on 10th July 1806 in Vellore, present-day Tamil Nadu, and lasted only for a day, but it was brutal and shook the British East India Company. It was the first major mutiny by the Indian sepoys in the East India Company. … Read more DMPQ- What is Vellore mutiny? What were the causes of Mutiny?

The Despatch is a very important educational document and holds a unique place in the history of Indian education. It placed the responsibility of education of the Indian people fully on the company and stated quite explicitly that it must never be neglected. The Despatch gave new direction to education in India and in a … Read more DMPQ- Woods dispatch is known as Magna carta of English education in India.

On the eve of French Revolution, France was under the ancient regime. It was the centre of autocratic rule. The French Bourbon monarchs enjoyed absolution. They declared themselves as the “Representative of God”. The French monarchs engaged themselves in Luxurious and extravagance at the royal court of Versailles. They had unlimited power. By the Letters … Read more DMPQ- Explain the important factors responsible for French revolution.

An important reason of the popularity of Bhakti movement was that they challenged the caste system and the superiority of the Brahmanas. They welcomed the ideas of equality and brotherhood which the Sufi saints also preached. People were no longer satisfied with the old religion. They wanted a religion which could satisfy both their rationality … Read more DMPQ- Trace the popular rise of Bhakti movement in medieval India.

The illegal use of Mughal Imperial export trade permits (dastaks) granted to the British in 1717, for engaging in internal trade within India. The British cited this permit as their excuse for not paying taxes to the Bengal Nawab. British interference in the Nawab’s court, and particularly their support for one of his aunts, Ghaseti … Read more DMPQ- What were the causes which led to The Battle of Plassey ?

Khudkasht:          Those residential peasants living in their own village, owning their own land and implements, paying the land-revenue at a concessional rate, formed the governing body of the village community. Also called mirasdars in Maharashtra and gharu-hala in Rajasthan. Pahi-kasht:          These peasants were basically outsiders but cultivated the rented land in a vil­lage either by … Read more DMPQ: Explain the following term: a) Khud kashta b) PahiKashta c) Antyaja d) Jama e) Hasil

The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and quickly spread throughout the world. Industrialization increased material wealth, restructured society, and created important new schools of philosophy. The social impact of industrialization was profound. For … Read more DMPQ- The Industrial Revolution brought about great changes in the social and economic life of Europe. Explain.

Tipu Sultan’s desire to change with the times was symbolized in the Introduction of a new calendar, a new system of coinage, and new scales of weights and measures. Tipu Sultan planted a ‘Tree of Liberty’ at Seringapatam and he became a member of a Jacobin club. His organizational capacity is borne out by the … Read more DMPQ: The peasantry of his dominions are protected, and their labor encouraged and rewarded” John shore stated about the Mysore kingdom. In this context discuss the reforms initiated by Tipu sultan which were way ahead of the time. ( Modern history)

Pochampally Ikat is a well-known form of saree made in Bhooda Pochampally and surrounding villages in Telangana State, India. these are popular for their traditional geometric patterns with the Ikat style of dyeing. Pochampally Ikat saree is the first traditional Indian craft to receive the status of Geographical Indication (GI) protection. Pochampally village has made … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Pochampally Ikat.

Samkhya System The Samkhya philosophy holds that reality is constituted of two principles one female and the other male i.e. Prakriti, Purusha respectively. Prakriti and Purusha are completely independent and absolute. According to this system, Purusha is mere consciousness, hence it cannot be modified or changed. Prakriti on the other hand is constituted of three … Read more DMPQ- . “At the end of ancient phase of history Indian philosophy was divided into 6 different branches.” Elucidate.

. In the first half of sixth century BC, there were a number of small tribal states in north west India. There was no sovereign power to unite these warring tribes. The Achaemenid rulers of Persia or Iran took advantage of the political disunity of this region. Cyrus, the founder of the Achaemenid dynasty, and … Read more DMPQ- Trace the impact of Persian invasion on Indian culture in sixth century BC.

Most important change was the evolution of caste system. Various sub castes evolved in addition to the traditional four-castes. The Brahmanas and Kshatriyas emerged as the two leading castes out of the general mass of population, known as vaisyas. The vaisyas were superior to the sudras but their position was steadily deteriorating. The Aitaraya Brahmana … Read more DMPQ- Mention the main features of the social life of Later Vedic period.

In 1854, Charles Wood prepared a despatch on an educational system for India. Considered the “Magna Carta of English Education in India”, this document was the first comprehensive plan for the spread of education in India. It asked the government of India to assume responsibility for education of the masses. It systematized the hierarchy from … Read more DMPQ-Write down the significance of Wood’s dispatch?

Raja Ram mohan roy was the social reformer, educationist, intellectual who tried to bring elements of for gone Indian values and elements of modernisation like liberty, freedom etc. He tried to create a synthesis of thought of east and west. RMY was a supporter of equality between men and women. He said that women must … Read more DMPQ: Raja Ram mohan roy was the maker of Modern India. Discuss.

The importance of the Bhakti and Sufi saints lies in the new atmosphere created by them, which continued to affect the social, religious and political life of India even in later centuries. Akbar’s liberal ideas were a product of this atmosphere in which he was born and brought up. The preaching of Guru Nanak were … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the significance of Bhakti and sufi movement in medieval culture.

. The Home Rule Movement was the Indian response to the First World War in a less charged but a more effective way than the response of Indians living abroad which took the form of the romantic Ghadar adventure. Some of the factors leading to the formation of the Home Rule Movement were as follows. … Read more DMPQ- State out the factors which led to the Home rule league movement in India.

. The First World War began in the summer of 1914, shortly after the assassination of Austria’s Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, and lasted more than four years, ending in 1918. Though the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the direct precipitating event leading to the declaration of war, there were many other factors that also played a … Read more DMPQ- Any single explanation for the outbreak of the First World War likely to be too simple. An amalgam of factors contributed to this horrifying conflict of monumental propositions. – Explain.

The Licchavis turned to be great rivals of Magadhan monarchy. In the reign of Bimbisara of Magadha, they invaded the Magadhan kingdom. In the reign of Ajatasatru, a protracted war began between Magadha and the Lichchhavis. The latter were united with the Vajjis in a confederacy. In the struggle that followed the Lichchhavis and the Vajjis … Read more DMPQ- How was The Magadha-Licchavi Struggleled to the fall of the Licchavis rule?

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta, in the 1820s, promoted radicalideas and encouraged his pupils to question all authority. Referred to as the Young BengalMovement, his students attacked tradition and custom, demanded education for women andcampaigned for the freedom of thought and expression. The Derozians, however, failed to have a long-term … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on young Bengal movement.(history)

Gandhi brought Satyagraha to India in 1915, and was soon elected to the Indian National Congress political party. Rowlatt Act – He began to push for independence from the United Kingdom, and organized resistance to 1919 law that gave British authorities unauthorised powers to imprison suspected revolutionaries without trial. Britain responded brutally to the resistance, harmed … Read more DMPQ- Write short note on Gandhi’s Contribution to Indian Independence Movement.

The Ib?dat Kh?na (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) at Fatehpur Sikri to gather spiritual leaders of different religious grounds so as to conduct a discussion on the teachings of the respective religious leaders The construction of ‘Ibadat Khana’ in 1575, where Muslim … Read more DMPQ- IBADAT Khana

During 14th – 16th centuries, Bhakti movements were a very dominant socio-cultural force in India. It touched upon every dimension of human life and affected contemporary thoughts very deeply. Leaders like Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Ravi Das, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, etc were associated with this movement. Core principles of Bhakti movement Personal God: The cardinal principle … Read more DMPQ- Bhakti movement had different manifestation. But some of the core principles were common to all. Comment on the basics principles of Bhakti movement.

The Khalistan movement is a Sikh nationalist movement that wants to create an independent state for Sikh people, via armed struggle or political, inside the current North- Western Republic of India Such a state existed in Punjab from 1709 to 1849. This Sikh Empire had its capital in Lahore, Pakistan. Most of historical Sikh empire … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on Khalistan Movement.

  Folk dance Classical dance Definition Folk dancing is a simple dance form meant for group performance created for a reason like harvest of food. Folk dancing is a simple dance form meant for group performance created for a reason like harvest of food. Dance form It is a recent movement that values the traditional … Read more DMPQ-What are the major differences between classical dance and folk dance.

  It was the act of the British Parliament which renewed the charter issued to the British East India Company(EIC) and continued the Company’s rule in India. Company’s trade monopoly was continued for further 20 years. The governor general was given extensive powers over the subordinate presidencies. Salaries for the staff and paid members of … Read more DMPQ: Outline the provisions of Charter Act of 1793. (History)

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, in a trend that had begun at the 18th, many thinkers in the Muslim world felt that Islam was going through a period of social decline, political weakness and economic disintegration, expressing itself in different regions where reform movements and schools, while taking into account spiritual and environmental differences … Read more DMPQ- Analyse the Islamic revivalism in British India.

200 years of British rule had some positive developments too and they eventually led to the formation of Modern India. The positive developments are as follows: Economy: A well-developed railway network across India. Immediately after independence, India could setup heavy industries because of this reason. Telegraph and postal system – post offices till today form … Read more DMPQ:The advent of British no doubt bring hardship, plunder, famine etc. But the British rule left behind some positive developments too. Do you agree ?

Arts strengthen cultural values. Formal theatrical performances, sculptures, paintings, music and food festivals, paintings, folk tales, songs, novels, poems, martial arts and crafts groups, all these should be encouraged. To be kept alive, intangible cultural heritage must remain relevant to a culture and be regularly practiced and learned within communities and between generations. The issue … Read more DMPQ- How can we Preserve our Intangible Cultural Heritage? Give suggestive measures.

The glory of the Pallavas still remains in their contribution to the art and architecture. They were the pioneers of South Indian art and architecture. They had introduced the stone architecture in the Tamil country. Their contributions are still extant because granite was used for building temples and carving sculptures. The Pallava architecture had evolved … Read more DMPQ- Contribution of Pallavas to the architecture.