History

The Badami Chalukya era was an important period in the development of South Indian architecture. The kings of this dynasty were called Umapati Varlabdh and built many temples for the Hindu god Shiva. Their style of architecture is called “Chalukyan architecture” or “Karnata Dravida architecture”. Nearly a hundred monuments built by them, rock cut (cave) … Read more DMPQ: Write an essay on the development of Architecture during Chalukyas.

The contribution of Mughals to the art of painting was remarkable. The foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by Humayun when he was staying in Persia. He brought with him two painters – Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdal Samad to India. These two painters became famous during Akbar’s reign. Akbar commissioned the illustrations of … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on Mughal painting.

. The Amravati school of Art evolved during Satavahna period. This school of art developed at Amravati, on the banks of the Krishna River in modern Andhra Pradesh. It is the site for the largest Buddhist stupa of South India. The stupendous stupa could not withstand the ravages of time and its ruins are preserved … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note about Amravati school of art.

The British government, not prepared to part with or even share its power with the Indians, once again resorted to the policy of ‘carrot and stick’. The carrot was represented by the insubstantial Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, while measures such as the Rowlatt Act represented the stick. The reforms had many drawbacks: Franchise was very limited. The … Read more DMPQ- Critically evaluate the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

Ramanuja: Born in A.D. 1166 in a small town near Chenni (Madras), Ramanuja was a worshipper of Vishnu and preached Vaishnavism. He had a great following in the South. Ramananda: The greatest preacher of this cult in north India was Ramananda. He discarded all caste distinctions and his disciples belonged to all castes.   Kabir: … Read more DMPQ: Name some of the famous Bhakti saints of Medieval India.

East India company took away part of Indian resources and wealth and in reciprocity they offer no return. This continuous drain made India Impoverished . The major component of drain of wealth was home charges: Home charge is the expenditure carried out by company before 1858 and by British government  after 1858 . It includes … Read more DMPQ: Home charges is one of the major component of drain of wealth. In this context please explain home charge and also list down the effect of drain of wealth.

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic“rebirth” following the middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th centuryto the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy,literature and art. The Causes of Renaissance are: Rise of Intellectualism. Reintroduction of classical works. The invention of the … Read more DMPQ:What is Renaissance? What are the causes of Renaissance?

The characteristics of Peasant movement were: Movements were localised in character and did not leave and successor. The revolts were against the zamindars and money lenders. Unlike Tribal uprising the movements were not against the British colonialism and their exploitative policy. The revolts were characterised by hindu Muslim unity. Pre mutiny the movements were highly … Read more DMPQ: What were the main features of the Nature of peasant movement in India?

Industrial revolution changed the entire economy of British. Though it was majorly an economic phenomenon, it greatly affected the social and political life of the countries it was prevalent in. The impact of IR can be categorised as follows: Social:   Migration of people to industrial towns. These towns converted into cities. Excessive migration led … Read more DMPQ: Impact of Industrial revolution was huge on Europe in general and Britain in particular. Comment

Judicial Reforms Cornwallis introduced some significant reforms in the sphere of judicial administration and tried to complete the unfinished work of Warren Hastings. During his period number of revenue districts was reduced from 35 to 23 in the Presidency of Bengal. The collector was the head of the district. In 1787 district courts were presided … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the Judicial Reforms by Lord Cornwallis in British India.

  Commercialisation of Indian agriculture. Changed the nature and structure of agriculture A new class of landlords emerged that rented the land to farmers. Class of Moneylenders became the part of agriculture which destroyed the self sustained village unit. Loss of patronage to handicraft industry added another pressure on Indian land. Support from the ruling … Read more DMPQ: How did British colonial rule affect Indian agriculture? ( History)

Apart from Telugu, Vijayanagara rulers extended their patronage to Kannada and Sanskrit writers as well. Many Jain scholars contributed to the growth of Kannada literature. Madhava wrote Dharmanathapurana on the fifteenth tirthankara. Another Jain scholar, Uritta Vilasa, wrote Dharma Parikshe. The Sanskrit works of the period include Yadavabhyudayam by Vedanatha Desika and Parasara Smriti Vyakhya … Read more DMPQ- Trace the evolution of Kannada litreture from premedieval to medieval era.

This fiery female leader in Indian freedom struggle gets often compared with Rani Laxmibai for her courageous acts during the days of freedom fighting.  At a tender age of 16, she began a movement against the British imperialism demanding end of colonial rule and resurgence of Zeliangrong religion and Naga self-rule. The British administration captured … Read more DMPQ:Given an account on the contribution of Rani Gaidinliu in Indian Freedom struggle.

. The reforms had many drawbacks: Franchise was very limited. The electorate was extended to some one-and-a-half million for the central legislature, while the population of India was around 260 million, as per one estimate. At the centre, the legislature had no control over the viceroy and his executive council. Division of subjects was not … Read more DMPQ- Trace the drawbacks of Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Government of India Act, 1919.

Akbar the Great, ruler of most of South Asia in the 16th and early 17th century, rejected bigotry and made unprecedented moves to help non-Muslims feel at peace in his Mughal empire. In reflecting more closely upon his character and conduct, we can see how Akbar’s actions are antithetical to current discrimination and violence against … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the Philosophy behind the principle of Din-i-ilahi that embodied akbar administration.

Cabinet Mission which arrived on 24th March 1946 was mainly aimed at devolution of power from the British crown to India giving India independence under Dominion Status in the Commonwealth of Nations. On 28th January 1946, the Viceroy, announced in the legislative Assembly, his intention to establish a new executive council with political leaders and … Read more DMPQ-What were the recommendations and Reaction of the All India Parties to Cabinet Mission

. During the late 1820s and early 1830s, there emerged a radical, intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal, which came to be known as the ‘Young Bengal Movement’. A young Anglo-Indian, Henry Vivian Derozio (1809-31), who taught at the Hindu College from 1826 to 1831, was the leader and inspirer of this progressive trend. … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay on Young Bengal Movement and Henry Vivian Derozio.

The militant nationalists put forward several fresh ideas at the theoretical, propaganda and programme levels. Among the several forms of struggle thrown up by the movement were the following. Boycott of Foreign Goods Boycott included boycott and public burning of foreign cloth, boycott of foreign-made salt or sugar, refusal by priests to ritualise marriages involving … Read more DMPQ- . Critically evaluate the new forms of struggle and their impact after Bengal partition 1905.

The Karnata Dravidian tradition developed in the 7th century under the patronage of Badami Chalukya got matured under Western Chalukya (Kalyani Chalukya) in the 11nth century. The Chalukya style got perfection as an independent style under Hoysala rule in the 13nth century. Features:                Makartorana : It leads to the mantapa of the temples. It is made … Read more DMPQ- Write a short note on Hoysala Architecture

1918-1924: The early trade union phase This period marked the birth of true trade union movement in India. It was organised along the lines of unions in the industrialised world. The deteriorated living conditions caused by the first world war and the exposure with the outside world resulted in heightened class consciousness amongst the workers. … Read more DMPQ- What were the factors which led to the development of Trade union movement in India?

None of the Indian powers rose to claim the heritage of the Grand Mughals for they were strong enough to destroy the Empire but not strong enough to unite it or to create anything new in its place. They could not create a new social order which could stand up to the new enemy from … Read more DMPQ:What were the major consequences of decline of Mughal empire?

Thanjavur paintings basically signify paintings created using a style and technique, which originated in Thanjavur during the maratha period in the 16th century. A typical Thanjavur painting would consist of one main figure, a deity, with a well-rounded body & almond shaped eyes. This figure would be housed in an enclosure created by means of … Read more DMPQ- Thanjavur paintings.

The British historians have treated the great uprising of 1857 as a sepoy mutiny. On the other hand, the staunch patriotic and nationalist Indian writers & historians regard the Revolt of 1857 as the First War of Indian Independence. It was the result of the century-old British rule in India. In comparison to the previous … Read more Discuss the nature of the revolt of 1857. Was it a war of independence?

    Achievements in the field of Science and Tech:   Physics- They knew the existence of atoms and molecules even before the Greeks. Vaiseshika School elaborated the atomic theory.Brahamagupta anticipated Newton‘s theory of gravitation by declaring that –‘All things fall on the Earth by law of nature’ and it is the nature of the Earth … Read more DMPQ:Discuss the achievements of Indian in the field of Science and technology in Ancient India. ( Ancient India)

. Painting as an art form has flourished in India from very early times as is evident from the remains that have been discovered in the caves, and the literary sources. The history of art and painting in India begins with the pre-historic rock painting at Bhimbetka caves (Madhya pradesh) where we have drawings and … Read more DMPQ- Trace the origin of painting as a form of an Art in ancient India.

Two-hundred years ago in 1817, a valiant uprising of soldiers led by BuxiJagabandhu (Bidyadhar Mohapatra) took place in Khurda of Odisha. This is known as Paika rebellion.The Paikas were the traditional land-owning militia of Odisha and served as warriors. When armies of the East India Company overran most of Odisha in 1803, the Raja of … Read more DMPQ:Short note on Paika rebellion

The rise and growth of Indian nationalism has been traditionally explained in terms of Indian response to the stimulus generated by the British Raj through creation of new institutions, new opportunities, resources, etc. In other words, Indian nationalism grew partly as a result of colonial policies and partly as a reaction to colonial policies. In … Read more DMPQ- Point out the major factors responsible for the growth of modern nationalism in India.

Sardar’s greatest role in the integration of states was his able handling of the Hyderabad crisis. Most of the states acceded to India, Hyderabad was a landlocked state that stretched over 82,000 square miles (over 212,000 square kilometres) in southeastern India. While 87% of its 17 million people were Hindu, its ruler Nizam Osman Ali … Read more DMPQ- Give a detailed account of Hyderabad Operation Polo.

The act was passed to correct the defects of the regulating act. This act resulted in dual control of British possessions in India by the British government and the Company with the final authority resting with the government. This act remain in operation till 1858.   Provisions of the act: Board of control for political … Read more DMPQ: Why pitt’s act was passed by the British Parliament? Give an account of its provisions.

The Tebhaga movement, led by the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha, thus soon developed into a clash between jotedars and bargadars. Tebhaga literally means ‘three shares’ of harvests. Traditionally, sharecroppers used to hold their tenancy on a fifty-fifty basis of the share of the produce. Tebhaga Movement was the sharecroppers’ (bargadars) movement in Bengal during 1946, … Read more DMPQ- Tebhaga movement.

(a)Vaikom satyagraha: Vaikom Satyagraha was a movement in Travancore (modern-day Kerala) for temple entry ofthe depressed classes. It took place near the Shiva Temple at Vaikom, Kottayam district, Keraladuring 1924-25. Vaikom was at that time a part of the princely state of Travancore. (b)Delhi proposal: Earlier, in December 1927, a large number of Muslim leaders … Read more Give an account of the following: a) Vaikom satyagraha b) Delhi proposal c) Alipore conspiracy d) Muzzafarpur conspiracy case

        the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General’s council were separated.   This act served as the foundation of the modern parliamentary form of government. The legislative wing of the Governor-General’s Council acted as a parliament on the model of the British Parliament.   It extended the company’s rule for an indefinite period unlike … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the provision of the charter act of 1853. (history)

The concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule. It is used in parliamentary parlance often for floor management by political parties in the legislature. A whip is a written order that political party issue to its members for being present for an important vote, or that they vote only in a particular … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on the office of whip.

This statement was given by Pandit Govind Vallabh Pant during the moving of partition resolution. Communal riots which began in Calcutta on 16th August with the observance of the Direct Action Day, Spread like chain reaction Mountbatten’s Judgement in the summer of 1947 that division of the country was the only practical solution, was accepted … Read more “ this was the only way to achieve freedom and liberty for the country.” Discuss the reasons for partition of India. ( History)

Gupta age is termed as the golden age because of the holistic development of culture and its various fields. It was unparalleled in the annals of History. During the age science in India got major attention. In the field of medical science benaras became the centre. Sushrat was a great teacher. His book on sushrut … Read more DMPQ: Gupta age was the golden age of science and technology. Comment( Ancient history)

The 19th century began witnessing a growing discontent against the British rule in India. This gave birth to an organized national movement. Inspired by this movement, there emerged a corpus of literature which in turn contributed to the growth and spread of nationalist sentiments across different regions of the country as well as among the … Read more DMPQ- The 19th century began witnessing a growing discontent against the British rule in India. In that milieu Nationalist literature developed. Write some of the contribution of National Literature in freedom struggle.

No country under colonial dependence could undertake any industrial transformation, if not all-round development. Up to the First World War, India experienced the classic period of imperialism of free trade and the British Government’s unsympathetic, hostile policy against industry. In addition, shortage of capital, management experience and technical expertise, as well as the absence of … Read more DMPQ-Evaluate the development of Industries in India in the Inter-War Period (1919-38).

By accepting the Mountbatten Plan/Partition, the Congress was only accepting what had become inevitable because of the long-term failure of the Congress to draw in the Muslim masses into the national movement and stem the surging waves of Muslim communalism, which, especially since 1937, had been beating with increasing fury. The Congress leaders felt by … Read more DMPQ: What could be the reasons for the acceptance of “Partition” by the Congress ?

After the conquest of Delhi (1192), the Turkish people settled in this region. Urdu was born out of the interaction of these settlers and soldiers in the barracks with the common people. Originally it was a dialect but slowly it acquired all the features of a formal language when the authors started using Persian script. … Read more DMPQ- . Trace the evolution of Urdu language during medieval India.

  Congress started commanding the support and sympathy of vast sections of the Indian people. Millions of Indians became politically involved. Women were drawn into the movement. c)Muslims participated heavily and communal unity was maintained. d)Strengthened the national movement. Nationalist sentiments and the national movement had reached the remotest corners of the land. e)People gained … Read more DMPQ: Although non cooperation movement failed to achieve the desired objective, it had huge significance. Comment ( HISTORY)

. A brief survey of the nature of Civil Disobedience Movement in different parts of the subcontinent is given below. Tamil Nadu In April 1930, C. Rajagopalachari organised a march from Thiruchirapalli (Trichinapoly as it was called by the British) to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore (or Thanjavur) coast to break the salt law. The event … Read more DMPQ- Describe the nature of Salt Law Disobedience in different states of India.

JOTIRAO GOVINDRAO PHULE occupies a unique position among the social reformers of Maharashtra in the nineteenth century. While other reformers concentrated more on reforming the social institutions of family and marriage with special emphasis on the status and right of women, Jyotiba Phule revolted against the unjust caste system under which millions of people had … Read more DMPQ- Write a note on contribution of Jyotiba Phule.

The CWC resolution condemned fascist aggression. It said that India could not be party to a war being fought ostensibly for democratic freedom, while that freedom being denied to India. If Britain was fighting for democracy and freedom, it should prove it by ending imperialism in its colonies and establishing full democracy in India. The … Read more DMPQ: Outline the resolution made in the wardha session of Congress working committee in 1939.

In reaction to the incipient nationalist movement, represented by the nineteenth century Hindu revivalism, which led to improving the position of the Brahmin caste, the non- Brahmins of Madras Presidency sought to ally with the colonial regime, hoping that foreign rule would protect their position and somewhat neutralize power differences within the population. Mindful of … Read more DMPQ- Elucidate the role of Justice Party in Backward Class Movements of India.

.  In March 1931, a special session of the Congress was held at Karachi to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Six days before the session (which was held on March 29) Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were executed. Throughout Gandhi’s route to Karachi, he was greeted with black flag demonstrations by the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha, … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the Congress resolutions of Karachi session 1931.

Amaravati School represents the evolution of uniquely beautiful regional art style based on a thriving commercial and imperial system. The Amravati Stupas began about the time of Christ but the perfection of form and proportion seen in the middle phase of Amaravati as well as some of the themes continued to influence art at Nagarjuankonda … Read more DMPQ-Write short note on the Amravati school of art.

The British captured Delhi on September 20, 1857 after prolonged and bitter fighting. John Nicholson, the leader of the siege, was badly wounded and later succumbed to his injuries. Bahadur Shah was taken prisoner. The royal princes were captured and butchered on the spot, publicly shot at point blank range by Lieutenant Hudson himself. The … Read more DMPQ- . How did the East India company suppress the 1857 mutiny ?

Adhishsthana or the Base Platform – generally made of a solid block of granite laid out to hold the structure’s weight and also accentuate the temples upward thrust. Shringa or Central Tower – the whole temple structure is capped by an elevated structure that towers directly over the site where the deity is placed inside. … Read more DMPQ- What are the features of Khajrao temples?

The SNDP movement was an example of a regional movement born out of conflict between the depressed classes and upper castes. It was started by Sree Narayana Guru Swamy (1856- 1928) among the Ezhavas of Kerala, who were a backward caste of toddy-tappers and were considered to be untouchables, denied education and entry into temples. … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay on Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Movement.