Geography

Sedimentary or detrital rocks :   They Formed as a result of denudation (weathering and erosion).These deposits through compaction turn into rocks. This process is called lithification. Sedimentary rocks Cover 75 per cent of the earth’s crust but volumetrically occupy only 5 per cent. They are layered or stratified of varying thickness. Example: sandstone, shale etc. … Read more DMPQ: What are sedimentary rocks? What are the its different types? List down the features of sedimentary rocks.

    ( Draw MAP of India)   ? Agriculture: The region is primarily dependent on agriculture. The region is gifted with high skilled labor force, fresh water resources, local crop variants which are in high demand. These can be exploited to maximum use. Bringing evergreen revolution in North east. ? Horticulture: Sikkim is India’s … Read more DMPQ: North east has huge potential as an engine of growth. Comment (economy)

High and low tides are caused by the Moon. The Moon’s gravitational pull generates something called the tidal force. The tidal force causes Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges of water are high tides. As the Earth rotates, your region … Read more DMPQ- How Tides are generated?

Most important sorts of ocean deposits are: Terrigenous Deposits Body of water Deposits. There are loose sediments, deposited on the ocean bottom. These are ocean deposits. They vary from location to location. The study of ocean deposits is vital in beneath standing the rocks exposed on the earth’s surface that were once set under ocean. … Read more DMPQ: Give a classification of ocean deposits on the basis of sources.

Geographical distribution: The cool temperate eastern margin climate is an intermediate type of climate between the British and the Siberian type of climate. It has features of both the maritime and continental type of climate. The laurentian type of climate is found only in two regions. One is north eastern North America and the other … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the features of cool temperate eastern margin type of climate.

Andes:  Longest continental mountain range in the world.  They are   found in South America. They formed due to ocean-continent collisions and subduction of oceanic crust beneath the south American plate. Mount Aconcagua is the highest peak.( 6962m) The rocky mountains:   They are fold mountains found in the western margi of the North American continent. They … Read more DMPQ: . Give the account of the following. ( World geography) a) Andes b) Rocky c) Great dividing range d) Drakesnberg

The continental shelf is the extended margin of each continent occupied byrelatively shallow seas and gulfs. It is the shallowest part of the ocean showing anaverage gradient of 1° or even less.The width of the continental shelves vary from one ocean to another. The average widthof continental shelves is about 80 km. Significance of Continental … Read more DMPQ: What is continental shelf? Mention the significance of Continent shelf( Geography)

The population structure associated with a DD is a natural stage of the demographic transition, which is when countries change from having high birth and death rates to having low birth and death rates. The first stage of the transition is typically a fall in child mortality due to improvements in healthcare, nutrition and overall … Read more DMPQ- What do you mean by Demographic Transition?

Agroforestry is defined as a land use system which integrates trees and shrubs on farmlands and rural landscapes to enhance productivity, profitability, diversity and ecosystem sustainability. It is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resource management system that, through integration of woody perennials on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production and builds … Read more DMPQ- Outline the salient features of the National Agro Forestry Policy, 2014.

Types of Rural Settlements: Geographers have suggested various schemes of classification. If we group settlements found all over the country, these can broadly be grouped under four categories: Compact/clustered/nucleated settlement Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement Hemleted settlement Dispersed settlement   Compact Settlements: As the name suggests, these settlements have closely built up area. Therefore in such settlements all … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on different types of Rural settelement.

Droughts and floods are the two accompanying features of Indian climate. According to some estimates, nearly 19 per cent of the total geographical area of the country and 12 percent of its total population suffer due to drought every year. About 30 percent of the country’s total area is identified as drought prone. Extreme Drought … Read more DMPQ- Map out the draught prone areas in India. Also mention the Institutional mechanism for draught management in India.

Social Forestry means the management and protection of forests as well as afforestation of barren lands with purpose of helping in the environmental, Social and rural development. Social forestry is forestry for community development. Thus, it is people oriented, value based management of forests with a major objective of satisfying the needs, wants and aspirations of … Read more DMPQ: What is social forestry? What are its advantages?

The biodiversity available at equator is highly unmatchable and it one of the riches area in terms of quanta and different types of flora and fauna. But this potential is difficult to translate into commercial extraction as Lack of pure strands as compared to taiga region. Every inch is filled with different kinds of tree. … Read more DMPQ:Despite having large biodiversity in equatorial region, lumbering and livestock farming is still difficult. Comment.

Democracy is well known by the definition of ‘ for the people, by the people and of the people.   Democracy success depends upon the way the government of the state is elected. The election is done on the basis of First past the poll or Proportional representation.  The other major aspect of democracy is the … Read more DMPQ: democracy sometimes lead to majoritarianism. Comment

There are many different views regarding the rural-urban continuum. Some scholars say that there are no sharp breaking points to be found in the degree or quantity of rural urban differences. Robert Redfield has given the concept of rural -urban continuum on the basis of his study of Mexican peasants of Tepoztlain.The rapid process of … Read more DMPQ- Explain Rural – Urban continuum. What is Rurban mission?

Most of our knowledge about the interior of the earth is largely based on estimates and inferences. Yet, a part of the information is obtained through direct observations and analysis of materials. The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Gold mines in South Africa … Read more DMPQ- . Briefly discuss the direct sources of information about the interior part of earth.

Tertiary coal 15 to 60 million years old. Carbon content is very low.Mainly confined to the extra-Peninsula [Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh etc.]Coal generally has low carbon and high percentage of moisture and Sulphur.It takes few hundred million years for the carbon content to improve.Important areas of Tertiary coal include parts of … Read more DMPQ: Short note on Tertiary coal field.

Inter Cropping: Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land with definite row arrangementor in a fixed ratio. It was originally practiced as an insurance against crop failure under drained conditions. Intercroppingsystems utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased. Example: – Maize + Cowpea, Potato + Mustard, Groundnut + Redgram. … Read more DMPQ-What is Intercropping and what are the advantages of intercropping?

The word ?monsoon? comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season. Monsoons refer to a system of winds in the tropical regions under which the direction of winds is reversed completely between the summer and the winter seasons. Under this system, the winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land … Read more DMPQ: Indian economy is a gamble of Monsoon. In this context explain the mechanism of monsoon?

As urban areas develop, changes occur in their landscape. Buildings, roads, and other infrastructure replace open land and vegetation. Surfaces that were once permeable and moist become impermeable and dry. These changes cause urban regions to become warmer than their rural surroundings, forming an “island” of higher temperatures in the landscape. Heat islands occur on … Read more DMPQ- Explain the Urban heat island.

Monsoon is that axis around which revolves the entire agricultural cycle of India. It is because about 64 per cent people of India depend on agriculture for their livelihood and agriculture itself is based on southwest monsoon. Except Himalayas all the parts of the country have temperature above the threashold level to grow the crops … Read more DMPQ- Explain the relationship between monsoon and economic life in India.

It is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterised by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas. It is most active over continental land masses by day and relatively less active … Read more DMPQ:-What is ITCZ? What is its utility?

Overpopulation With increasing population, demands of the country increase which further results in depletion of resources.     Over-consumption and waste As the standards of living of people improves, they tend to consume more and waste even more. Deforestation and the destruction of ecosystems Forests are cut annually, to make space for multiplexes, residential complexes … Read more DMPQ- What are the major causes of resource depletion?

Dynamic Theory: Flohn (1951) according to Flohn, the monsoon is a global phenomenon due to global shift in pressure belts. The shift in pressure belts bring the ITC much more into the northern margin is around 30 degrees north over the Indian subcontinent. This brings the SE trades over the Indian subcontinent as south westerly … Read more DMPQ: Explain the modern theories of the origin of monsoon.

Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin, an excellent source of fuel methane Methane hydrate deposits in this basin are a rich source that will ensure adequate supplies of methane, a natural gas The study using molecular and culturing techniques revealed maximum methanogenic diversity in the KG basin, which is one of the prominent reasons to confirm it to … Read more DMPQ- Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin can ensure energy security of the region. Comment.

Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males. Sex ratio is a valuable source for finding the population of women in India and what is the ratio of women to that of men in India. In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio in … Read more DMPQ-Write an essay on Sex-ratio of India.

The climate of japan is modified by insularity and also by meeting of the cold and warm ocean currents. It receives adequate rainfall from both the south east monsoon in summer and the north west monsoon in winter. During the north west monsoon dry cold wind from mainland Asia blows. But they gather moisture on … Read more DMPQ: Explain the climate of Japan. (geography)

  S.No. Himalayan drainage Peninsular drainage 1. Perennial in nature. Seasonal in nature 2. Both snow fed and monsoon n fed Monsoon fed 3. Voluminous Less voluminous 4. Very large command area Less Command area 5. Himalayan river exhibits antecedent character Consequent character is exhibited 6. All Himalayan rivers form delta at the mouth Form … Read more Enumerate the difference between Himalayan and Peninsular drainage system?

Besides the longitudinal divisions, the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. Punjab Himalaya: The part of the Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal … Read more DMPQ- Outline the division of Himalayas on the basis of regions from west to east.

The North Eastern Council is the nodal agency for the economic and social development of the North Eastern Region which consists of the eight States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. The North Eastern Council was constituted in 1971 by an Act of Parliament.The constitution of the Council has marked … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on North East Zonal Council.

A glance at the world map reveals that most of the desert region is on the western part of the continent for example. Mohave desert in North America, Atacama in Southern America, Namib, Sahara in Africa , Arabian in west Asia. The reasons for such homogeny are: The hot desert lie astride the Horse latitudes … Read more DMPQ- Deserts type of climate is found on the western side of the continent. Comment

India covers 3,214 km from North land to South land and 2,933 km from eastwards to westwards. India has the land frontier of 15,106.7 km and a coastline of 7,516.6 km.  Sri Lanka, Thailand, Pakistan,  Bangladesh, Myanmar, Maldives, and  Indonesia are the nations with which India accords marine borders.   India is also surrounded in the … Read more DMPQ- Short note on Water Frontiers of India.

This highway is also known as Route 606. Length of the highway is nearabout 200Km. It connects Delaram( border city of afghanisatn) to Zaranj ( Capital of Nirmuz province of Afghanistan). India Financed this project. Border road organization has constructed the highway. Construction of the road started in 2005 and the project completed in 2009.  … Read more DMPQ: Short note on Delaram- Zaranj Highway.

Poverty Poverty is one of the foremost problems faced by India for ages. Poverty becomes a root cause of the widespread illiteracy in India. Families who struggle for their daily bread cannot afford education for their children. Apparently these people tend to make their children work to cope with the financial problems. Lack of School … Read more DMPQ- Mention the causes behind Illiteracy in India.

The reasons for the diversity are as follows:   Over geological times the tropics have had more stable climate than the temperatezones. In tropics, therefore, local species continued to live there itself, whereas intemperate they tend to disperse to other areas. Tropical communities are older than temperate one’s and therefore there has beenmore time for … Read more DMPQ:Why tropical areas of the earth have more diversity than that of temperate areas? (Geography)

a) Barrier reef: Barrier reefs are similar to fringing reefs in that they also border a shoreline; however, instead of growing directly out from the shore, they are separated from land by an expanse of water. This creates a lagoon of open, often deep water between the reef and the shore. b) Atolls: Atolls are … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the following : a) Barrier reef b) Atolls c) Fringing reefs

Availability of raw material like iron ore, coal , limestone etc. An efficient transportation and infrastructure facility for import and export of finished goods. Availability of service sector , heavy funding is required and hence adequate availability of capital, Human capital for managerial roles Demand for iron and steel or the market has to be … Read more What are the factors that influence the location of an iron and steel industry?

. Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible. Tropical evergreen forests  are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and … Read more DMPQ-What is natural vegetation? Under what climatic conditions are tropical evergreen forests develop?

Geysers are fountains of hot water and superheated steam that may spout up to a height of 150 feet from the earth beneath. The phenomenon are associated with a thermal or volcanic region in which b the water below is being heated beyond boiling point. The jet of water is emitted with an explosion, and … Read more DMPQ: Explain ‘Geysers’ and ‘Hot springs’?

The monsoons in India form two branches: the first, the southwest monsoon, sweeps from the Arabian Sea and drenches the Malabar coast of western India and then sweeps down towards Sri Lanka. The second, the southeast, moves northward around the same time from the Bay of Bengal and drenches Bangladesh and eastern Indian and then … Read more DMPQ- Write aan essay on Monsoons in India.

Negatives of Interlinking of rivers: This entails environmental cost. Interlinking would destroy water bodies as each river has unique flora and fauna based on its ecology. Mixing of waters will adversely affect this uniqueness, producing unforeseen consequences. Interlinking will lead to submergence of forest. This will worsen climate change. Forest, which act as carbon sinks … Read more DMPQ: . Interlinking of rivers is seen as a viable option to address the issue of water scarcity. Do you think interlinking of rivers is a full proof solution? (ENVT.)

Coal is an important raw material for heavy industries. Its abundance ensures a rapid industrial growth.  But coal mining has its own cost and it has negative externalities. Major problem with coal mining is threat to environment. Open cast mining results in air pollution because of coal dust and coal transportation leading to suspended particulate … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the problems associated with coal mining in India.

After independence, India witnessed green , blue and white revolutions in farm, fishery and dairy sector respectively. Green revolution: It was initiated to achieve food security in the country. It included three components : continued expansion of farming areas, double-cropping existing farmland, using seeds with improved genetics. The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain … Read more DMPQ-. Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

It is a kind of irrigation method which saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of the plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zones, through a network of valves, pipes , emitters etc. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to … Read more DMPQ :What is drip irrigation? Explain the benefits of drip irrigation. ( Geography)

The systems developing in the mid and high latitude (35° latitude and 65° latitude in both hemispheres), beyond the tropics are called Frontal Cyclones or Wave Cyclones.According to polar front theory, the warm-humid air masses from the tropics meet the dry-cold air masses from the poles and thus a polar front is formed as a surface … Read more DMPQ- Frontal Cyclones.

The Western Ghats are the mountain groups running parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula. The Ghats is well known for its biodiversity, where we can find a variety of flora and fauna. Mountain range starts around the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, to the south of river Tapti. Runs through the states of … Read more DMPQ:Importance of Western Ghats is immense. Comment.

  The cost of recharge to sub-surface reservoir is lower than surface reservoirs. The aquifer serves as a distribution system also. No land is wasted for storage purpose and no population displacement is involved. Ground water is not directly exposed to evaporation and pollution. Storing water under ground is environment friendly. It increases the productivity … Read more DMPQ: What are the advantages of Rain water Harvesting?

The main reasons for concentration of jute industries in WB are: Favourable condition for Jute production: Ample amount of water, high humidity and warm and wet climate. Secondly cheap labour is also available from Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha etc Hubly river also provide import and export of jute. Problem faced by Jute industry: Shortage of … Read more DMPQ- Why Jute Industries are more concentrated in West Bengal? Also give an account of the problems faced by Jute Industry in India.

Dams and flood control The efficiency of dams to withhold floods has always been put to question. Critics have also termed dams as harbinger of floods claiming that the essential scientific assessment for consistent release of water to avoid build up is rarely done. Absence of a standard operating procedure for releasing water from the … Read more DMPQ- Critically evaluate the Dams as an system for flood control.