Geography

The crops to be grown, the agricultural operations and agricultural patterns are closely influenced by the prevailing temperature condi­tions of the region.  The agricultural scientists have proved that each crop has a specific zero below which it cannot grow. There is also an optimal temperature in which the crop is at its. Greatest vigour. For … Read more DMPQ- How does temperature effects crop growth?

Land tenure includes all forms of tenancy and also ownership in any form. Land tenancy and land tenure affect the agricultural operations and cropping patterns in many ways. The farmers and cultivators plan the agricultural activities and farm (fields) management keeping in mind their rights and possession duration on the land. In different communities of … Read more DMPQ-Critically analyse the influence of land tenancy on Indian Agriculture.

The 2011 Census is the first one in many decades which counted less absolute number of children in the 0-6 age group. Compared to 2001 Census count of 164 million children, there were 159 million children in 2011, or there were 5 million fewer children in India. This is evident in the share of children … Read more DMPQ-Decline in Child Population.Comment.

Continental shield, any of the large stable areas of low relief in the Earth’s crust that are composed of Precambrian crystalline rocks. The age of these rocks is in all cases greater than 540 million years, and radiometric age dating has revealed some that are as old as 2 to 3 billion years.Shield areas in general are … Read more DMPQ:Write a short note on Shield.

Grasslands are areas dominated by grasses. They occupy about 20% of theland on the earth surface. Grasslands occur in both in tropical and temperate regions whererainfall is not enough to support the growth of trees. Grasslands are known by variousnames in different parts of the world.Grasslands are found in areas having well defined hot and … Read more DMPQ:What are Grasslands? Name some of the grasslands of world and mention the importance of grasslands.

Gondwana coal makes up to 98 per cent of the total reserves and 99 per cent of the production of coal in India. Satpuras, denudation [weathering + erosion] has exposed coal bearing Gondwana strata.The carbon content in Gondwana coal [250 million years old] is less compared to the  Carboniferous coal [350 million years old][Almost Absent in India] because of its much … Read more DMPQ:Gondwana coal field in India

1) Planetary Winds – The water beneath the wind forms surface water current. The pushing action of those winds makes the water flow in definite direction. 2) Rotation of Earth – the world rotates from the west to the east. As a result of the force, the permanent winds are deflected to the proper within … Read more DMPQ- Mention the main causes for the creation of oceanic currents.

Ocean current are nothing but movement of volume of water in defined direction and    with an identifiable speed. These current regulate the temperature and salinity of ocean currents and also get regulated by them. Factors responsible for ocean currents: Earth rotation from west to east . It leads to North equatorial current and south equatorial … Read more DMPQ: What are ocean currents? What are the factors responsible for ocean currents.

The sub-tropical jet stream is produced by the earth’s rotation (Coriolis force) and temperature contrast between tropical and sub – tropical regions.At the equator, the rotation produces greatest velocity in the atmosphere. As a result, the rising air which spreads out northwards and southwards, moves faster than the latitudes over which it is blowing.It is deflected to the … Read more DMPQ-Subtropical Jet streams. (GEOGRAPHY)

  The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions.  The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary in the form of continent— continent convergence. In the east, it extends through Rakinyoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench. The eastern margin is a spreading site … Read more DMPQ- How the movement of Indian plate has affected the structural changes of continents.

The cryosphere is the frozen water part of the Earth system. Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska. One part of the cryosphere is ice that is found in water. This includes frozen parts of the ocean, such as waters surrounding Antarctica and the Arctic.   There are places on Earth that are so cold that water … Read more DMPQ- What is Cryosphere?

There are places on Earth that are so cold that water is frozen solid. These areas of snow or ice, which are subject to temperatures below 32°F for at least part of the year, compose the cryosphere. The term “cryosphere” comes from the Greek word, “krios,” which means cold. Ice and snow on land are one part … Read more DMPQ: Write a short note on Cryosphere.

Use of  excessive pesticide has rendered the soil in poor shape.  According to the economic survey the prescribed ratio for N:P:K is 4:2:1. But farmers pattern of use of fertilisers is way distorted. Hence Pramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana has been launched by GOI for promotion of commercial organic production through certified organic farming. Features of … Read more DMPQ: Organic farming is one of the solution for sustainable agriculture. In this context discuss the salient features of paramparagat Krishi vikas yojana. ( schemes)

Normally, temperature decreases with increase in elevation. It is called normal lapse rate. At times, the situations is reversed and the normal lapse rate is inverted. It is called Inversion of temperature. Inversion is usually of short duration but quite common nonetheless. A long winter night with clear skies and still air is ideal situation … Read more DMPQ- What is temperature inversion and how does it effect atmosphere?

Trade winds: It is the wind blowing steadily towards the equator from the north-east in the northern hemisphere or the south-east in the southern hemisphere, especially at sea. Two belts of trade winds encircle the earth. These winds are called trade winds because of the fact that they helped the sea merchants in sailing their … Read more DMPQ- What are Trade winds? Mention the characteristics of Trade winds?

A glance at the world map reveals that most of the desert region is on the western part of the continent for example. Mohave desert in North America, Atacama in Southern America, Namib, Sahara in Africa , Arabian in west Asia. The reasons for such homogeny are: The hot desert lie astride the Horse latitudesor … Read more DMPQ: Why deserts are on the western margins of the continent?

EROSIONAL LANDFORMS Cirque Cirques are the most common of landforms in glaciated mountains. They are deep, long and wide troughs or basins with very steep concave to vertically dropping high walls at its head as well as sides. A lake of water can be seen quite often within the cirques after the glacier disappears. Such … Read more DMPQ- Mention few erosional Landforms.

Pre-disaster preventive measures Re-framing buildings’ codes, guidelines, manuals and byelaws and their strict implementation .Tougher legislation for highly seismic areas. Incorporating earthquake resistant features in all buildings in high-risk areas. Making all public utilities like water supply systems, communication networks, electricity lines, earthquake-proof. Creating alternative arrangements to reduce damages to infrastructure facilities. Constructing earthquake-resistant community … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the pre-disaster preventive measures and post-disaster preventive measures in case of Earthquake.

A plain is a broad area of relatively flat land and is one of the major landforms on the earth surface. There are various types of Plains which are discussed as: Structural plains: relatively undisturbed horizontal surfaces of the earth. They are structurally depressed areas of the world that make up some of the most extensive … Read more DMPQ- What are Plains? What are different type of Plains?

Composite lava are highly viscous with a high melting point. They are light colored and have low density, and have a high percentage of silica. They flow slowly and seldom travel far before solidifying. The resultant cone is therefore steep sided.  The rapid solidifying of lava in the vent obstruct the flow of the out-pouring … Read more DMPQ: Differentiate between the Composite and the shield Lava.

Frequent inundation of agricultural land and human settlement, particularly in Assam, West Bengal, Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (flooding rivers), coastal areas of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat (cyclone) and Punjab, Rajasthan, Northern Gujarat and Haryana (flash floods) have serious consequences on the national economy and society. Floods do not only destroy valuable … Read more DMPQ-How does flood effects India during monsoon and how Governments prepares to control it ?

Warming and cooling of the Pacific Ocean is most important in terms of general atmospheric circulation. The warm water of the central Pacific Ocean slowly drifts towards the South American coast and replaces the cool Peruvian current. Such an appearance of warm water off the coast of Peru is known as El Nino. The El … Read more DMPQ- ENSO

The wind blows from high pressure to low pressure. The wind at the surface experiences friction. In addition, rotation of the earth also affects the wind movement. The force exerted by the rotation of the earth is known as the Coriolis force. Thus, the horizontal winds near the earth surface respond to the combined effect … Read more DMPQ-. Discuss the forces affecting velocity and direction of wind.

The following factors affect the distribution of temperature of ocean water: Latitudes The temperature of surface water decreases from equator towards the poles because the sun’s rays become more and more slanting and thus the amount of insolation decreases poleward accordingly. The temperature of surface water between 40°N and 40°S is lower than air temperature … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the factors affecting temperature distribution of Ocean water.

High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in certain human populations, including those of Tibet in Asia, the Andes of the Americas, and Ethiopia in Africa, who have acquired the ability to survive at extremely high altitudes. People living in high altitude can  inhale more air with each breath and breathe more … Read more DMPQ- What are the various high altitude adaptations in Humans?

Every location on Earth receives sunlight at least part of the year. The amount of solar radiation that reaches any one spot on the Earth’s surface varies according to: Geographic location Time of day Season Local landscape Local weather. Because the Earth is round, the sun strikes the surface at different angles, ranging from 0° … Read more DMPQ- Discuss the factors affecting the amount of solar radiation received by surfaces.

Promote “Blue Revolution” through a multipronged approach and introduction of alternate species. Develop a policy framework for allotment of marine areas and large reservoirs for cage culture through fi shermen cooperatives/private participation or by consortium. Establish SPF Brood Stock Multiplication centres and aquatic quarantine centres for L.vannamei for production and supply of SPF brood stock … Read more DMPQ- What are the main objectives of Blue Revolution?

  The hill ranges of the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, extend along the west coast of India from the river Tapti in the north to the southern tip of India. Their positioning makes the Western Ghats biologically rich and biogeographically unique – a veritable treasure house of biodiversity. The region has a spectacular … Read more DMPQ- Explain the significance of Western Ghats.

According to Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, black holes are uninhabitable chasms of spacetime that end in a ‘singularity,’ or a mass of infinite density. Black holes, with gravitational fields so powerful that not even light could escape them, were inferred by quantum physics about a century ago. It’s a place so bleak that even the laws of physics … Read more DMPQ- What exactly is a black hole?

Heavy industry relates to a type of business that typically carries a high capital cost (capital-intensive), high barriers to entry and low transportability. The term “heavy” refers to the fact that the items produced by “heavy industry” used to be products such as iron, coal, oil, ships, etc. Location factors are as follows: Availability of raw material … Read more DMPQ: What is a heavy Industry? What are the location factors suitable for setting up of heavy industries.?

River interlinking is an ambitious project of central government to link surplus river basin with deficient river basin to solve surplus and shortage problem of various regions of the country. Recently Bihar and Assam faced the flood situation diverting of water through inter linking can solve the crisis. Points in favour are as: Prevention of … Read more DMPQ- Do you think river interlinking project in India is going to address the problem of water crisis and floods in India?

  Mono Cropping: Mono-cropping or monoculture refers to growing of only one crop on a piece of land year after year. It may be due to climatological and socio-economic conditions or due to specialisation of a farmer in growing a particular crop, e.g., under rained conditions, groundnut or cotton or sorghum are grown year after … Read more DMPQ-Explain the following terms: a) Mono Cropping b) Multiple cropping c) Inter Cropping

The major reasons for the downfall of buddhism in Indian subcontinent are as follows: Corruptions in Buddhist Sanghas: In course of time, the Buddhist ‘Sangha’ became corrupt. The monks and followers came to be drawn towards luxury and enjoyment. Receiving and saving valuable gifts like gold and silver made them greedy and materialistic Reform in … Read more DMPQ- What were the major reasons for the downfall of buddhism in Indian Sub-continent?

Industrial sickness has become a major problem of the India’s corporate private sec­tor. Of late, it has assumed serious proportions. A close look reveals that there are, at least, five major causes of industrial sickness, viz., promotional, managerial, technical, financial and political. An industrial unit may become sick at its nascent stage or after working … Read more DMPQ- What are the main causes of Industrial sickness ?

An earthquake is the shaking or trembling of the earth’s surface, caused by the sudden movement of a part of the earth’s crust. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves or earthquake waves.   Causes of the earthquake are as follows:   Sudden slipping of rock … Read more DMPQ: What is Earthquake? List down the causes of Earthquake?

As per the 2011 census, 43.63 percent of Indians speak Hindi as their mother tongue. Bengali, with 8.03 percent speakers, is second in the list, followed by Marathi at 3rd with 6.86 percent speakers, Telugu at 4th with 6.7 percent speakers and Tamil at 5th with 5.7 percent speakers. In all, 13 of the 22 … Read more DMPQ- Write an essay on the Linguistic population of India.

The purported objective of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM) is the establishment of a Nagalim (Greater Nagaland), consisting of all the Naga-inhabited areas of neighbouring Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and some portions Myanmar, which it considers to be the rightful homeland of the Nagas. Slated to be an independent State, the Nagalim lies … Read more DMPQ- What do you understand by the term Greater Nagalim?

Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks formed of organic-rich mud at the bottom of ancient seas.Subsequent sedimentation and the resultant heat and pressure transformed the mud into shale and also produced natural gas from the organic matter contained in it. Over long spans of geologic time, some of the gas migrated to adjacent sandstones and was trapped in … Read more What is shale gas and fracking? Problems associated with shale gas extraction.

Flood is a natural disaster which can never be avoided, India being one of the worst flood hit tropical country in the world which causes huge economic and emotional losses. We cannot afford to ignore flood but we can manage it. Around 12% of the total area i.e. 40 million hectare is prone to flood. … Read more Discuss the flood scenario in India. Write down the consequence of floods.

Tea is an evergreen plant that mainly grows in tropical and subtropical climates. It is thought to have originated in East Asia somewhere between China and Burma. The geographical factors required for Tea cultivation are: Tea grows in a moderately hot and humid climate . Moring fog and low temperature is necessary for the growth … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the factors associated with tea cultivation.

Earth magnetism is the property of earth behaving like a dynamo and showing magnetic property just like that of a magnetic bar. There are various theories behind this property. There is no valid reason for the cause of earth’s magnetism or why earth has giant magnetic field but there are some theory related to earth’s … Read more DMPQ- What is Earth Magnetism? What is the source of earth magnetism?

Sand miningis a practice that is used to extract sand, from various environments, such as beaches, inland dunes and dredged from ocean beds, and river beds of deltaic regions. The mining is in operation in all the continents of the Globe. Environmental problems occur when the rate of extraction of sand, gravel and other materials … Read more DMPQ: What is sandmining? What are its ill effects?

Sacred groves are the patches of forest or natural vegetation from  a few trees to forest to several acres that are usually dedicated to local folk deities.  The chief elements of protection are religious beliefs and traditional rituals. As sentiments are attached with it local community inherently are inclined toward their protection. Sometimes there is … Read more DMPQ-What do you mean by sacred groves? Why these places are protected?

Transport is considered to be an important aspect in improving agricultural efficiency. It improves the quality of life of individuals, structures a market for agricultural productions, makes interaction possible among geographical as well as regions and opened up new areas to economic focus. Road transport is the most regular and multifaceted network that includes wide … Read more DMPQ- List out the challenges faced in transportation of agricultural produce in India. Give suggestive measures.

China China ranks first in the world in coal production. Nearly 38 per cent of world’s coal output is from China. All types of coal are found, including anthracite, bituminous coal and lignite. Although coal occurs in every province of China, but its greatest concentration is in Shanxi and Shaanxi (Shansi and Shensi).   USA … Read more DMPQ- Analyse the World Distribution of coal reserves.

Irrigation should be schedule when the soil temperature is moderate. In hotter season it is better to irrigate the field during the late afternoon or at night so that both soil and plant get sufficient time to absorb water before dry and desiccating weather prevails the next day. During the very cold season water should … Read more DMPQ- Explain the importance of Irrigation Schedule in Agriculture.

Grid management on regional basis started in sixties. Initially, State grids were inter-connected to form regional grid and India was demarcated into 5 regions namely Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern and Southern region. In October 1991 North Eastern and Eastern grids were connected. In March 2003 WR and ER-NER were interconnected . August 2006 North … Read more DMPQ- – Write a note on the Evolution of National Grid.

Batholiths A large body of magmatic material that cools in the deeper depth of the crust develops in the form of large domes. They appear on the surface only after the denudational processes remove the overlying materials. They cover large areas, and at times, assume depth that may be several km. These are granitic bodies. … Read more DMPQ- Throw light on the intrusive volcanic landforms.

Steppe Climatic region is also known as Temperate Grasslands. These grasslands are some of the most developed agricultural fields and are termed as grain baskets. Livestock ranching is another major activity carried out in these areas due to the availability of natural grasses. Distribution: Steppes are found in the continental interiors. They are usually found … Read more DMPQ-Write a short note on Steppe Climate Vegetation.