Economy

. As of now Japan-India trade is a mere 5% of Japan-China trade. Today, India-Japan trade languishes at around $15 billion, a quarter of trade with China while Japan-China trade is around $300 billion. India is the largest recipient of Japanese foreign aid. Japanese have also made record investment in private equity and venture capital … Read more

It is restructured name of multi sectoral development Programme. It is under Ministry of Minority affairs. The restructured programme would provide better socio economic infrastructure facilities to the minority communities particularly in the field of education, health & skill development as compared to the present situation, which would further lead to lessening of the gap … Read more

BPO Role in India’s Economic Growth has been tremendous, especially in the last few years, when the demand for outsourcing work to India has been significant among western companies. The role played by BPOs in boosting India’s economy shows that the IT and ITeS sector have been contributing largely to the economic growth of India. … Read more

Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-DHAN) scheme was first announced in Budget 2018. The scheme would focus on managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste in farms to compost, biogas and bio-CNG. It wiill help in keeping the village clean while increasing the income of farmers and cattle herders.  Under it, villagers will be … Read more

Digital Locker is one of the key initiatives under the Digital India Programme- External website that opens in a new window. A beta version of the same has been already released by the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), Govt. of India. Digital Locker is aimed at minimizing the usage of physical documents and enable sharing of e-documents across agencies. … Read more

India stood 149th in a 2019 list of 193 countries ranked by the percentage of elected women representatives in their national parliaments. In more than six decades till 2014, as women’s share in India’s population remained at 48.5%, the share of women MPs increased eight percentage points to 12.6% between the first (1952) and the … Read more

Operation Twist is a move in which a central bank decides to simultaneously buy long-dated securities while selling short-term securities. This is the first time RBI has undertaken such an unconventional policy measure with the aim of flattening the yield curve by lowering longer-term rates to boost lending and growth. Operation Twist normally leads to … Read more

NITI Aayog has created the India Knowledge Hub (IKH), a dynamic web portal, functioning as a repository to store and disseminate best practices from across the country. Reflecting the spirit of cooperative federalism, the NITI Aayog launched the India Knowledge Hub so that districts, States, Central ministries and other government institutions can exchange knowledge on … Read more

Merger: It is a process wherein two or more companies are combined together to form either a new company or an existing company absorbing the other target companies. Amalgamation: It is a process wherein two or more companies combine to form an entirely new company. Acquisition: It is a process wherein one company purchases most … Read more

:  Government budget is the annual financial statement presented by the finance minister which contains the following figure: Actual estimate for FY 2017-18 Budget estimate for FY 2018-19 and Revised estimate for FY 2018-19 Budget estimate for FY 2019-2020   The budget is divide into two parts:   Revenue budget Capital budget  

The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a U.S. trade program designed to promote economic growth in the developing world by providing preferential duty-free entry for up to 4,800 products from 129 designated beneficiary countries and territories. GSP was instituted on January 1, 1976, by the Trade Act of 1974. Under the GSP program, certain products can enter the … Read more

Various investment models which have emerged in recent times especially  in post-reforms and also from experiences of emerging marker economies (EMEs). These  models are not alternates to each other but are only variants of investment models. The policy support will require well-drafted ‘futuristic policies’ in different areas  especially in the areas of ‘pricing and tax … Read more

Land reforms: Distribute ceiling-surplus and waste lands; Prevent diversion of prime agricultural land and forest to corporate sector for non-agricultural purposes. Ensure grazing rights and seasonal access to forests to tribals and pastoralists, and access to common property resources. Establish a National Land Use Advisory Service, which would have the capacity to link land use … Read more

·       Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)    Launched: 8April2015 Main Objective: Financial support for growth of micro enterprises sector. Pradhan Mantri MUDRA (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) Yojana was launched with the purpose to provide funding to the non-corporate small business sector. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is open and is available from all Bank branches … Read more

Infrastructure is the term for the basic physical systems of a business or nation. Transportation, communication, sewage, water, and electric systems are all examples of infrastructure. These systems tend to be high-cost investments and are vital to a country’s economic development and prosperity. Grant of infrastructure status enables the industry to raise money from insurance … Read more

P2P lending is the popular type of crowd funding, whereby an internet platform collects small amounts of funds from individuals in a crowd to finance collectively a larger loan to individuals or businesses. Websites that facilitate peer-to-peer lending have greatly increased its adoption as an alternative method of financing.P2P lending is also known as social … Read more

Inflation is the sustained increase in the general price of goods and services and hence it reduces the purchasing power of Rupee. But some mild inflation is good for an economy as it help to grease the wheels of the commerce.   There are various ways to control Inflation:     Fiscal ways:  Reduction in … Read more

Zero-Based Budgeting – ZBB This is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each financial  year. The process of this budgeting starts from a “zero base,” on every financial year. Every  function within the ministry or department is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budget  allocations are then made according … Read more

The major problems are as follows: Rudimentary infrastructure and policies leads to slow agricultural growth. The average size of landholding is small. Poor socio economic conditions of farmers. Use of technology is inadequate. No proper management of irrigation. Vulnerability of agriculture sector is high to wards hazards and disaster. Dependence of agriculture on vagaries of … Read more

To ensuring a fair playing field, the Competition Commission of India endeavours to do the following: Make the markets work for the benefit and welfare of consumers. Ensure fair and healthy competition in economic activities in the country for faster andinclusive growth and development of economy. Implement competition policies with an aim to effectuate the … Read more

Reforms required: Strengthen GST council Independent GST council secretariat Inclusion of Petroleum Products, Electricity, Real estate in GST Big data analysis of the data. Tax research unit on Indirect Tax.

The Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) Annuity Model   Under BOT annuity, a developer builds the highway, operates it for a specified duration and transfers it back to the government. The government starts payment to the developer after the launch of commercial operation of the project. Payment will be made on a six month basis. … Read more

Estimates Committee Estimates Committee was first established during British Era in 1920s but Independent India’s first Estimates Committee was established in 1950. This committee examines the estimates included in the budget and suggests ‘economies’ in public expenditure. The Estimates Committee has 30 members and all these members are from Lok Sabha. There is no Rajya … Read more

Quite often the funds allocated for tribal welfare are not spent or are spent without correspondingresults and sometimes funds are even misappropriated. The watch dog of tribal interests, Tribal AdvisoryCouncil has not functioned effectively. Administrative personnel are either ill trained or prejudiced against tribals. A major handicap from which tribals suffer is denial of justice, … Read more

SATAT initiative is aimed at providing a Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) as a developmental effort that would benefit both vehicle-users as well as farmers and entrepreneurs.  Compressed Bio-Gas plants are proposed to be set up mainly through independent entrepreneurs. CBG produced at these plants will be transported through cascades of cylinders to the … Read more

Differentiated banks are banking institutions licensed by the RBI to provide specific banking services and products.It is a system refers to the system of different licenses for different sub components of the banking sector such as Limited Banking License, Commercial Banking License etc. A differentiated license will allow a bank to offer products only in … Read more

India imports 40% of the World’s total production of Gold, making India as the top importer of Gold metal. India imports approx 1000 tons of Gold per year. The imports are mainly from China, USA, Australia, South Africa and Russia. In India, approx 4000 tons of gold is lying idle in Temples, and approx 15000 … Read more

Contract Farming is an agreement between farmers and cooperative firms for the supply and production of agriculture goods, under predefined agreements and price.  As per noted agriculture is booming for a very long time, but nowadays farmers are facing a new problem of accessing the market and fully achieving profitability. Contact farming will bring following … Read more

Appropriation Act:  The Appropriation Bill under the Indian Constitution is related to the Budget making process by the Government. According to Article 114 of the Indian constitution, no money can be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of India ( which basically comprises of the major fund of the govt. of India) to meet specified expenditure except under an … Read more

Out of pocket expenditure on health is one of the reason for perpetual poverty. The major chunk goes in buying medicine. Hence to deal with this issue PMB jan aushadhi yojana was launched to ensure the availability of quality medicine at affordable price for all, particularly the poor and disadvantaged.  The salient features of the … Read more

AIR India is facing a severe crisis and at every functional aspect the PSU is on downward side. AI has a total debt of near about 50,000 cr.  The major reasons for the failure of PSU are as follows: Less income generation in passenger revenue. This is corroborated by the audit report of CAG also. … Read more

A multi-agency body called the National Recruitment Agency (NRA) will conduct a Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen/shortlist candidates for the Group B and C (non-technical) posts. NRA will have representatives of Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Finance/Department of Financial Services, the SSC, RRB & IBPS. It is envisioned that the NRA would be a … Read more

ODB aims at converting a class room into a digital class room and provide e-resources at any time and at any place to students.The digital board will be introduced all over the country in government and government aided schools from class 9th onwards as well as in higher education institutions.The Operation Digital Board (ODB) will be implemented in … Read more

There are 3 methods to calculate the National income.These methods are given by Simon Kuznets. PM (Product Method) or Product service method. IM (Income Method) CM (Consumption Method) or expenditure method. In India the combination of Product method and Income methods is used for calculating the National Income.   PRODUCT METHOD: NI = GDP  – income earned in … Read more

IMPRINT: IMPRINT is the first of its kind MHRD supported Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major science and engineering challenges that India must address and champion to enable, empower and embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance. This novel initiative with twofold mandate is aimed at: (a) Developing new engineering education … Read more