The Boxer Rebellion or Yihetuan Movement was a violent xenophobic and anti-Christian movement which took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty between 1898 and 1900. It was initiated by the Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the “Boxers”, and was motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments and opposition to foreign … Read more
The Berlin Wall was a barrier that existed from 1961 through 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany). Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) is a major event in European History. The policies of restructuring and openness initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev paved way for the destruction of the symbolic physical … Read more
JHARKHAND Govt putting efforts for more investment in health sector: CM Chief Minister Hemant Soren today said that the government is making continuous efforts to expand and improve the health facilities in the state. People should get good medical facilities in their own State, it is our top priority. Addressing people while inaugurating the online … Read more
The different types reforms undertaken by different states are: Adhaar Linked and digitized ration cards This allows online entry and verification of beneficiary data. It also enables online tracking of monthly entitlements and off-take of foodgrains by beneficiaries. Computerized Fair Price Shops: FPS automated by installing ‘Point of Sale’device to swap the ration card. It … Read more
At the time of the Corfu Incident in 1923, many people wondered what would happen if a powerful state were to challenge the League on a matter of major importance, for example, by invading an innocent country. How effective would the League be then? The former British prime minister, Lord Balfour, remarked: ‘The danger I … Read more
The conferment of a person, as a citizen of India, is governed by Articles 5 to 11 (Part II) of the Indian Constitution. Apart from the above Articles of the Indian Constitution, citizenship is also deeply connected with the Citizenship Act, which is passed by the Indian Parliament in 1955. Citizenship Act 1955 speaks about … Read more
. British convened a series of “Round Table Conferences” in London to discuss constitutional reforms in India. The first meeting was held in November 1930. However, without the pre-eminent political leader in India, it was an exercise in futility. Gandhi was released from jail in January 1931. In the following month, he had several long … Read more
Every time a technology giant chooses an India-born techie as its leader, there is a justifiable swelling of pride in the country, but also some disappointment. Despite having so many celebrated technologists around the world, India is still not a major player in technology. This failure can be attributed to lower public spending, high imports … Read more
Insolvency is the situation where the debtor is not in a position to pay back the creditor. For a corporate firm, the signs of this could be a slow-down in sales, missing of payment deadlines etc. Bankruptcy is the legal declaration of Insolvency. So the former is a financial condition and latter is a legal … Read more
As soon as the First World War ended, the French, after all they had suffered in two German invasions in less than 50 years, wanted to make sure that the Germans never again violated the sacred soil of France; this remained the major concern of French foreign policy throughout the inter-war years. At different times, … Read more
JPSC has released a notification regarding the expected date of 7th JPSC Mains Examination. Students are informed that the mains exam for 6th JPSC is expected in the Month of January 2022. Kindly Ensure your study plans and strategy based on the declared expected date of 7th JPSC Exam. JPSC has declared the result for … Read more
JPSC has declared the result for the 7th JPSC Prelims Examination. Students can view the JPSC Prelims Result at official website by Clicking Here JPSC COMBINED CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION (PT)-2021 (PROVISIONAL RESULT), (ADVT. NO.01/2021) is declared for the JPSC Prelims Exam held on 19/09/2021. Category Wise the number of Students Qualified in Prelims Exam is … Read more
After the Third Round Table Conference, in November 1932, the then Prime Minister of Britain Ramsay McDonald gave an order which is known as the Communal Award. It was part of Britisher’s policy of ‘Divide and Rule. The award granted separate electorates in British India for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian … Read more
JPSC has released a notification regarding the expected date of 7th JPSC Mains Examination. Students are informed that the mains exam for 6th JPSC is expected in the Month of January 2022. Kindly Ensure your study plans and strategy based on the declared expected date of 7th JPSC Exam. JPSC has declared the result for … Read more
JPSC has declared the result for the 7th JPSC Prelims Examination. Students can view the JPSC Prelims Result at official website by Clicking Here JPSC COMBINED CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION (PT)-2021 (PROVISIONAL RESULT), (ADVT. NO.01/2021) is declared for the JPSC Prelims Exam held on 19/09/2021. Category Wise the number of Students Qualified in Prelims Exam is … Read more
The Union Cabinet’s Proposal for bringing uniformity in the marriageable age of men and women is certainly a progressive step to realise Goal 5 of the SDGs which asks nation-states to formulate policies to achieve gender equality. However, good intent does not guarantee favourable outcomes. Coercive laws without wide societal support often fail to deliver … Read more
Issues with infrastructure sector The sector needs long term finance; but banks are helpless: One of the fundamental reason why Indian infrastructure is still not up to desired level is the lack of long term finance. This is despite the fact that 10.4% of bank lending was channelled to Infrastructure in 2015. But of late, … Read more
. The motives behind this were mixed. The Japanese felt it was essen¬ tial to keep control of the province because it was a valuable trade outlet. China seemed to be growing stronger under the rule of Chiang Kai-shek, and the Japanese feared this might result in their being excluded from Manchuria. At the League … Read more
Article 61 provides the procedure for the removal of the president of India. When a President is to be impeached for violation of the Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by either House of Parliament. No such charge shall be preferred unless : the proposal to prefer such charge is contained in a resolution … Read more
Congress won the elections to the provincial assemblies held in February 1937. Its election manifesto reaffirmed its total rejection of the 1935 Act. One of the first acts of the Congress Government was to release thousands of political prisoners and to cancel deportation orders on political workers. The difference between the Congress provinces and the … Read more
China, recently renamed 15 places in Arunachal Pradesh and justifies the renaming as being done on the basis of its historical, cultural and administrative jurisdiction over the area. Moreover, on January 1, 2022, China’s new land border law came into force, which provides the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) with full responsibility to take steps against … Read more
National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) is a roadmap for an investment of Rs.100 lakh crore in infrastructure over the next five years (2020-2025). The aim of the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) is to help make India a $5 trillion economy by 2025. NIP includes economic and social infrastructure projects. To implement an infrastructure program of the … Read more
The Cripps Mission was a failed attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by a senior minister Sir Stafford Cripps, traditionally sympathetic to Indian self-rule. However, he was also a member of the coalition War … Read more
There is no explicit classification of majorities in the Indian Constitution. But a careful reading of different articles in Indian Constitution would provide an idea about four types of majorities. They are Absolute Majority, Effective Majority, Simple Majority and Special Majority. For ease of understanding, we have again classified Special Majority into four sub-types. Absolute … Read more
Hitler began his foreign policy with an almost unbroken series of brilliant successes, which was one of the main reasons for his popularity in Germany. By the end of 1938 almost every one of the first set of aims had been achieved, without war and with the approval of Britain. Only the Germans in Poland … Read more
. NPAs story is not new in India and there have been several steps taken by the GOI on legal, financial, policy level reforms. Corporate Debt Restructuring 2005 It is for reducing the burden of the debts on the company by decreasing the rates paid and increasing the time the company has to pay the … Read more
Urbanisation and the growth of cities in India have been accompanied by pressure on basic infrastructure and services like housing, sanitation and health. The 2011 Census of India reveals that the urban population of the country stood at 31.16 per cent. It indicates that there are about 4.5 lakh houseless families, a total population of … Read more
Subhas Bose had been a unanimous choice as the President of the Congress in 1938. In 1939, he decided to stand again — this time as the spokesperson of militant politics and radical groups. However, with the blessings of Gandhiji, Sardar Patel, Rajendra Prasad, J.B. Kripalani other leaders put up Pattabhi Sitaramayya as a candidate … Read more
The Vice-President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot. The Vice-President shall not be a member of … Read more
In the early days of Mussolini’s regime (he came to power in 1922), Italian foreign policy seemed rather confused: Mussolini knew what he wanted, which was ‘to make Italy great, respected and feared’, but he was not sure how to achieve this, apart from agitating for a revision of the 1919 peace settlement in Italy’s … Read more
A nation’s growth requires the productive contribution of all segments of society, particularly the children and the youth, who need to be provided opportunities for self-expression. Household and national investments in children and youth yield long-term returns in terms of high productivity of the economically active population till they enter the elderly cohort. Currently, India’s … Read more
The brain drain is the migration of educated persons from one country to another. Primary external brain drain occurs when human resources leave their country to go work overseas in developed countries such as Europe, North America, and Australia. Secondary external brain drain occurs when human resources leave their country to go work elsewhere in … Read more
Appeasement had a profound effect on the way international relations developed. Although it might have worked with some German governments, with Hitler it was doomed to failure. Many historians believe that it convinced Hitler of the complacency and weakness of Britain and France to such an extent that he was willing to risk attacking Poland, … Read more
The discretionary powers of the Indian president are not explicitly mentioned in the Indian constitution. But cases, where the Indian President do not act on the advice of CoM, can be understood if one carefully read the provisions related to the Indian President. Suspensive Veto The President has discretionary power when he exercises suspensive veto … Read more
. The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) revolt started in February 1946 at Mumbai when the naval ratings on HMIS Talwar protested against the poor quality of food and racial discrimination by British officers. From the initial flashpoint in Mumbai, the revolt spread and found support throughout India, from Karachi to Kolkata, and ultimately came to … Read more
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body envisaged to uphold the values of equality, equity, impartiality, independence enshrined in the Indian Constitution and the rule of law in superintendence, direction, and control over the electoral governance. It was established to conduct the elections with the highest standard of credibility, freeness, fairness, transparency, … Read more
According to a Walk Free Foundation report in 2016, there were 46 million people enslaved worldwide in 2016. There were 18.3 million people in India living in the forms of modern slavery (about 39% of global slaves). Modern Slavery includes bonded labour, child labour, forced marriage, human trafficking, forced begging etc. The term modern slavery … Read more
Defeat of Poland The Poles were defeated swiftly by the German Blitzkrieg (lightning war), which they were ill-equipped to deal with. It consisted of rapid thrusts by motorized divisions and tanks (Panzers) supported by air power. The Luftwaffe (the German air force) put the Polish railway system out of action and destroyed the Polish air … Read more
. Indian Constitution is a dynamic document that can be amended according to the needs of society whenever required. Constitution under Article 368 grants power to the Parliament to amend whenever there is a necessity. The doctrine of basic structure is nothing but a judicial innovation to ensure that the power of amendment is not … Read more
1918-1924 period marked the birth of true trade union movement in India. It was organised along the lines of unions in the industrialised world. The deteriorated living conditions caused by the first world war and the exposure with the outside world resulted in heightened class consciousness amongst the workers. This provided fertile ground to the … Read more
. In 2022, the covid pandemic and the myriad crises it spawned may start to recede. Even in a best-case scenario, though, a tsunami of new challenges—from the failure of climate action to the erosion of social cohesion—is within sight. Addressing them will need leaders to adopt a different governance model. When our institutions are … Read more
When a woman is empowered, the whole family, society, and the country are empowered to advance forward towards development. Women are the primary managers of household work, energy, food and essential services. They contribute substantially to managing climate change and agriculture. They play a vital role because agriculture and climate change management basically start at … Read more
Shortage of raw materials Both Italy and Japan had to import supplies, and even Germany was short of rubber, cotton, nickel and, after mid-1944, oil. These shortages need not have been fatal, but success depended on a swift end to the war, which certainly seemed likely at first, thanks to the speed and efficiency of … Read more
. Government of India has replaced the old planning commission started in 1950 with a new institution called NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015. It works under the chairmanship of Prime Minister. NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) will seek to provide a critical directional and strategic input into the development process. It focuses … Read more
. The History of Education policies in British India can be classified into two – before 1857 (under the English East India Company) and after 1857 (under the British Crown). 1781: Governor-General of Bengal, Warren Hastings established Calcutta Madarasa for Islamic law studies. It was the first educational institute set by East India Company (EIC) … Read more
In the last few years, the Government of India has made several efforts to formalize the Indian economy via the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), digitalisation of financial transactions and enrolment of informal sector workers on government portals such as E-Shram. Despite these well-intentioned efforts at formalization, the challenge of informality looms … Read more
National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2016 is the first-ever national plan prepared in the country for disaster management. With National Disaster Management Plan 2016 India has aligned our National Plan with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, to which India is a signatory. National Disaster Management Plan aims to make India disaster resilient … Read more
Cuba became involved in the Cold War in 1959 when Fidel Castro, who had just seized power from the corrupt, American-backed dictator Batista, outraged the USA by nationalizing American-owned estates and factories. As Cuba’s relations with the USA worsened, those with the USSR improved: in January 1961 the USA broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba, … Read more
The CBI is headed by a Director. He is assisted by a special director or an additional director. Additionally, it has a number of joint directors, deputy inspector generals, superintendents of police and all other usual ranks of police personnel. In total, it has about 5000 staff members, about 125 forensic scientists and about 250 … Read more
