JPSC Mains 2024 Notes
Get topicwise printed notes for JPSC Mains Exam 2024 developed by experienced faculty of PSCNOTES.One Point Solution for JPSC Preparation
SEBI stands for securities and exchange board of India. It was set up through a government resolution in an effort to give the Indian stock market an organised structure. Its initial paid up capital up was Rs. 50 Crore. Main functions and powers of the SEBI are as follows: Registering and stock exchanges, merchant … Read more DMPQ: What is SEBI? Write down its functions
The nitrogen cycle is a complex biogeochemical cycle in which nitrogen is converted from its inert atmospheric molecular form (N2) into a form that is useful in biological processes. The Nitrogen cycle contains various stages: Nitrogen fixation: Inert form of Nitrogen is fixed and converted into organic form in a process called nitrogen fixation. Most … Read more DMPQ: What is Nitrogen cycle. Explain its various stages. (science)
The element carbon is a part of seawater, the atmosphere, rocks such as limestone and coal, soils, as well as all living things. On our dynamic planet, carbon is able to move from one of these realms to another as a part of the carbon cycle. It is one of the important cycle of atoms … Read more DMPQ: Explain carbon cycle. ( science)
Sluggish peace of work Shoddy implementation Corruption of the executive agencies Deficient institutional management Siphoning of funds Defalcation by intermediaries and middlemen Procedural wrangles Non utilisation and diversion of funds Ritualistic monitoring of programme Indifference towards community mobilisation Delayed payment of wages Fake or ghost jobs Targeted beneficiaries are not even aware about the … Read more DMPQ: NREGA had been projected as the world largest public works project for the generation of jobs. The scheme was well intentioned but had its own set of problems. Discuss the issues with NREGA. ( Scheme evaluation)
C rajagopalchari tried to resolve the deadlock between muslim league and Congress to arrive at a solution. He proposed a formula to address the issues between the two different political entity. The plan was given in 1944 and a formula to hold talks with jinnah. The following is the formula: The muslim league while endorsing … Read more DMPQ: Jinnah turn down Rajagopalchari proposal as it offered a ‘Mutilated and moth-eaten Pakistan. What was the Rajagopalchari formula? ( History)
A high level committee on financial system was set up on august 14,1991. The objective of the committee was set up to examine all aspect relating to structure, organisation, function and procedures of the financial system. The recommendations were majorly aimed at ensuring a degree of operational flexibility; internal autonomy for public sector banks; and … Read more DMPQ: Banking sector was highly regulated and the sad state of affairs of the bank prior to 1991 was mainly because of government mismanagement. In this context discuss the recommendation of Narsimahan Committee.( Economics)
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 This act is an embodiment of Article 21-A, which says that every child has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards. Article 21-A and the RTE Act … Read more DMPQ: What are the provisions of RTE acts? ( Acts)
1) An Indian Education Service (IES) should be established as an all India service with officers being on permanent settlement to the state governments but with the cadre controlling authority vesting with the Human Resource Development (HRD) ministry. 2) The outlay on education should be raised to at least 6% of GDP without further … Read more DMPQ: what are the highlights of New education policy ( Policies)
PDS was establish to procure gain and other cereals from farmers and distribute it through a subsidised scheme to those most vulnerable to hunger. It was started in the late 1960s and was subsequently expanded to rural districts. The scheme in principal can be faulted but in practice the result have been abysmal. According … Read more DMPQ: What was the purpose of PDS? Evaluate its functioning. ( schemes evaluation)
The set of the agreement by the BCBS (BASEL COMMITTEE ON BANKING SUPERVISION), which mainly focuses on risks to banks and the financial system are called Basel accord. The purpose of the accord is to ensure that financial institutions have enough capital on account to meet the obligations and absorb unexpected losses. India has accepted … Read more DMPQ: What is Basel accord? What are the different BASEL norms? ( economy)
This was the incident where the military the major pillar of strength for british empire showed dissatisfaction and internal strife among the naval establishment. On feb,1846 , a section of non commissioned officers and sailors known as ratings, serving in the royal Indian navy, mutinied against the British officers. The major issue was the hardship … Read more DMPQ: Royal Indian Navy mutiny made an impression on the British, that it would be better to leave the country. Explain
a) Green Climate fund: It is a fund within the framework of the UNFCCC founded as a mechanism to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. It was established in COP 16, held in Cancun. The GCF is based in the Incheon, South Korea IPCC: It is the leading … Read more DMPQ: Define following term ( Envt.) a) Green Climate fund b) IPCC c) Kiagali agreement d) Global warming potential
A) Emission trading: Emission trading is a market based approach to control pollution. In this a set of quota is set as limitation on the amount of carbon that can be emitted. If the entity exceeds the quota it has to buy from a seller which has emitted less quantum of carbon than the prescribed … Read more DMPQ: Explain the following terms: ( Envt.) a) Emission trading b) Clean development mechanism c) Joint implementation d) REDD
Tier-1 capital: Tier 1 capital, used to describe the capital adequacy of a bank, is core capital that includes equity capital and disclosed reserves. Tier 1 capital is essentially the most perfect form of a bank’s capital — the money the bank has stored to keep it functioning through all the risky transactions it … Read more DMPQ: Define the following terms; a) Tier -1 capital b) Tier -2 capital c) CAR d) Public debt( Economy)
There is about accumulated debt of 1 lakh crore on state electricity boards. The reasons being free power is a political issues and different political parties offer it as dole to influence the voter. This subsidy has done more damage than good. 83% of the Punjab farmers have small or marginal land holdings and they … Read more DMPQ: Free electric power to the farmers is causing a drain on exchequer and also they are not achieving the desire result. Do you agree with the statement. ( Polity)
Indian national army idea was conceived by Mohan singh, a prisoner of war, in Malaya. Japan provided the support. A conference in Bangkok where Ras Behari bose was elected as president of the league and a decision was taken to raise the Indian National army or azad hind fauz to fight for India’s Independence. Finally … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the role of INA in the freedom struggle. ( History)
All rural households in rural areas, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work eligible. Job card under the act is the right of every rural household wiling to work on NREGA and applies for it, Choice of works done through village level plans and 50% or more of work to be executed … Read more DMPQ: Salient features of NREGA act. ( ACT)
ESSAY (Compulsory) Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 * Write two essays, choosing one each from Sections A and B. * The attempt has to be in the same language, either English or Hindi. * Each attempt should be in about 900 words individually. * Credit will be given to aptness of format, … Read more DMPQ: Essay for JPSC Mains Exam
Since the beginnings of the last decade as a part of the economic reforms programme, the taxation system in the country has been subjected to consistent and comprehensive programme. Indian government over the years have introduced tax reforms from time to time. Direct tax reforms: Reduction and rationalisation of rates- there are only … Read more DMPQ: Tax reforms are the major part of the economic programme. Discuss the reforms taken in the direct taxes and indirect taxes in India.( Economy)
The mission spent some 3 weeks to discuss with the leaders of various political parties, but could not arrive at any agreed solution. So finally it announced its own recommendations on May 16, 1946. The major recommendation of CM was: There shall be union of India which was to be empowered to deal with the … Read more DMPQ: Outline the recommendation of Cabinet Mission Plan.( History)
Sustainability means keeping an effort going continuously. So, sustainable agriculture means successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing human needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. Sustainable agriculture can be achieved by adopting; Mixed farming Mixed cropping Crop rotation Crop selection Varietal improvement Q3. Coalitions government … Read more DMPQ: What is sustainable agriculture? How it can be achieved?(5 marker)( science)
Delhi has become a smoke chamber in the recent past especially in winters. The changes in temperature and slowing wind traps soot, dust fine and particulate matter. The reasons for air pollution are as follows: Burning of agricultural residue in Punjab and harayana. Farm stubble burning. This reason got aggravated because of the use of … Read more DMPQ: Quality of Air in Delhi is getting worsen day by day. What are the causes for air pollution in Delhi. Suggest ways to deal with the problem of air pollution. ( Envt)
Poultry is the rearing of domesticated fowl (chicken), ducks, geese, turkey and some varieties of pigeon for their meat and eggs. The specialized meat-producing poultry birds are called broilers while egg-laying poultry birds are called layers. The tremendous rise in the availability of poultry products is called Silver Revolution. Variety improvement is done by cross-breeding … Read more DMPQ: What is poultry farming? What are the desirable traits developed Obtained after cross breeding? ( Science)
Coalition is a reality in a diverse country like India. Initially it was seen as a hurdle but Indian political system has done well to cope up with the demerits of Coalition system. Although different party have varied ideology but they have certain minimum commonalities like removing poverty and unemployment. Here are the ways through … Read more DMPQ: Coalition is a reality and can’t be avoided in Indian context. Suggest the ways for coalitions to work. (Polity)
According to a study 1 in 3 women worldwide have experienced either physical or sexual intimate partner violence or non- partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Hence to deal with such gross crime DVA was passed in 2005. The features of the act are as follows: It is a civil law aimed at providing a … Read more DMPQ: Discuss the features of Domestic violence act? Do you think Domestic violence act has been a successful affair? (Acts)
a) Tax havens: A tax haven is a country or territory where certain taxes are levied at low rate or not at all. The basic features of tax havens are nil or nominal rates, lack of effective exchange of information, no requirement of substantive local presence. b) BEPS: Base erosion and profit sharing … Read more DMPQ: Explain the following terms ( Economy) a) Tax havens b) BEPS c) GAAR d) Transfer pricing
The purpose of the cabinet mission plan was to obtain an agreement with the Indian Leaders as to the framing of a constitution in India. The other purpose was to formulate the schemes for formulation of Constitution making body and to form interim government. Reaction to the cabinet Mission Plan: Congress: Against the … Read more DMPQ: What was the purpose of Cabinet Mission Plan? How it was received by major political entities of the time? ( History)
Tax expenditure is the revenue foregone as a result of exemptions and concessions. Tax expenditure was introduced for the first time in 2006-07 union budget. Tax expenditure is justified on following grounds: Act as an incentive for priority sector like infrastructure. It promotes balance regional growth It neutralise the disadvantage on account of location It … Read more What do you understand by Tax expenditure? Comment on its relevance? ( Economy)
with the rise in average life expectancy there is a need to provide the senior citizens with social security. Hence government of India came up with PMVVY to provide pension and hence income security. Eligibility A senior citizen above the age of 60 years of age will fall under the scheme. Available … Read more social security benefits is one of the most important aspect of welfare state. In this context discuss the provisions of Pradhan mantrivayavandanda yojana.( Schemes)
Democracy success depends upon the conduct of free and fair elections. Hence electoral reforms is must to ensure a vibrant democracy. Reforms are itself dynamic in nature. The electoral reforms can be grouped as under: Reforms to cleanse the electoral system Debarring criminally tainted politicians from contesting , fast track courts and special courts Checking … Read more Electoral reforms in a democracy is a continuous process. In light of this statement suggest some electoral reforms. ( Polity)
This statement was given by Pandit Govind Vallabh Pant during the moving of partition resolution. Communal riots which began in Calcutta on 16th August with the observance of the Direct Action Day, Spread like chain reaction Mountbatten’s Judgement in the summer of 1947 that division of the country was the only practical solution, was accepted … Read more “ this was the only way to achieve freedom and liberty for the country.” Discuss the reasons for partition of India. ( History)
Disease is a condition that impairs the proper functioning of the body or its parts. A disease can be defined as: Any deviation from normal functioning or state of complete physical and mental well being. Types of diseases: The human diseases are broadly classified into following four categories: Acute diseases Chronic diseases Congenital diseases Acquired … Read more What is a disease? Discuss the type of disease? ( Science)
The practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land is called mixed cropping. During mixed cropping, if one crop faces adverse conditions or pathogen attack then the other crop can be saved.The basic objective in mixed cropping is to minimize the risk and insure against the crop failure due to … Read more What is Mixed cropping? What is the criteria for the selection of crops during mixed cropping? Write down the advantages of mixed cropping? (science)
Climate change is inevitable. The best strategy to deal with climate change is adoption of practices to make our farming more resilient. ICAR has launched a network of project called NICRA. It stands for National innovation on climate resilient agriculture. The salient features of NICRA are as follows: It takes into account the critical … Read more To cope with climate challenge and to develop resilience of Indian agriculture covering crops, livestock and fisheries to climatic variability ICAR has started NICRA. Discuss the features of this project.( schemes)
Supreme court of India in its judgement rightly stated that it is only education which gives a human being the power to discriminate between right and wrong, good or bad. Hence educational criteria is valid criteria. The states under article 246(3) can make laws to enable the functioning of self -government. The benefits attached with … Read more Should there be educational criteria for contesting elections? Critically analyse( Polity)
Tax incidence: Tax incidence is the entity on whom tax is imposed. It is the distribution of the overall tax burden between sellers and buyers in an economy. Tax burden: It is the total amount of tax paid by a particular group of people, an industry etc especially as compared to what other … Read more Define the following term: (economy)
After the announcement of deadline by House of commons that British will left by 30th June, 1948 all the processes for peaceful resolutions were tried out. But all the solutions went in vain and Partition was the only solution left. For peaceful partition, Mountbatten was appointed. He gave the Mountbatten plan for Partition. Features of … Read more Partition of India was inevitable and Mountbatten ensured that peaceful solution to the problem of Partition can be achieved. Discuss the Mountbatten Plan.( History)
JHARKHAND CM lays foundation stone for Rs 427.92 crore schemes Chief Minister Raghubar Das laid the foundation stone for the schemes worth Rs 427.92 crore for West Singhbhum district at a function organised at Chaibasa. A total of 37 schemes of different departments will be undertaken under the project. The all-round development … Read more 25.10.18 Jharkhand (JPCS) Current Affairs
Interest subvention scheme was launched to make available agricultural credit for short term crop loans at an affordable rate to give boost to agriculture productivity and production in the country. The salient features of the scheme are as follows: It provides concessional of 2% per annum for crop loans to farmers, upto Rs. 3 … Read more DMPQ: What is interest subvention scheme? Discuss its salient features
Before the launch of Civil disobedience movement, 11 point demand was released by Gandhiji. It was an ultimatum to the british Governmnet. The 11 point were inclusive in nature and tried to cover all sections like traders, women, peasants. The pints also include that rights of the citizen being curbed by the unjust laws through … Read more DMPQ: Explain the nature of demands made by Gandhiji in the 11 point ultimatum.
The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in a same field in definite row pattern is called intercropping. The row pattern may be in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. It means after one row of main crop, one, two, or three rows of intercrops can be grown. Objective of intercropping: The basic objective … Read more DMPQ: What is intercropping? Write down the advantages of intercropping?
Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems. But having cooperative federalism is a difficulty in India. There are various challenges to cooperative federalism: Centralising provisions, which weigh heavily on spirit of cooperation. Eg art 3, … Read more DMPQ: What is cooperative federalism? What are the challenges to cooperative federalism?
Inverted duty structure is a condition in which final good is taxed lower on its import as compared to the intermediate good used in the making of finished good. The economic survey has pointed out that Inverted dusty structure has affected our industries a lot. Major effect of inverted duty structure: Affect domestic … Read more DMPQ: What is Inverted duty structure ? How it has impacted Indian manufacturing over the years.
Bengal regulation (1829) banning sati Bengal regulation (1795) -declaring infanticide illegal Hindu widow remarriage act, 1956 Age of consent Act, 1891 Sarda Act, 1930 Explain Them….
Out of pocket expenditure on health is one of the reason for perpetual poverty. The major chunk goes in buying medicine. Hence to deal with this issue PMB jan aushadhi yojana was launched to ensure the availability of quality medicine at affordable price for all, particularly the poor and disadvantaged. The salient features of the … Read more DMPQ: What are the objectives of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushdi Pariyojana? Discuss its salient features also.
Competitive federalism make states a competitive unit which provides a package of services and fiscal environment that attracts more resources. It is akin to market place system. Benefits of CF: Promotes innovation Better services to citizens Place emphasis on continuous reforms Discipline state fiscally Best suited to deal with the pressures of globalisation Harmonisation … Read more DMPQ: What is competitive federalism? Comment on its demerits and merits
Inflation is the sustained increase in the general price of goods and services and hence it reduces the purchasing power of Rupee. But some mild inflation is good for an economy as it help to grease the wheels of the commerce. There are various ways to control Inflation: Fiscal ways: Reduction in … Read more DMPQ: Inflation is a heavy tax and erode the purchasing power of rupees. Discuss the ways to control inflation.
What is biofortification? Ans: Biofortification is the process of breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding for improved crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats. Breeding is done with the objective of improving protein content and quality. Oil … Read more DMPQ: What is biofortification? AND tissue Culture
Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against infectious agents. The immunity can be classified as innate immunity and acquired immunity. Innate immunityis a non-specific type of defense mechanism. It has four types: i) Physical barrier: Example, skin covering of the body, secretion of mucous in the respiratory tract ii)Physiological barrier: Example, acid in the … Read more DMPQ: What is immunity? Explain the types of immunity?
Start up India was launched to build a strong ecosystem for nurturing innovation and startups in the country which will drive economic growth and generate large scale employment opportunities. Start Up India scheme shows government recognition of the potential of start ups. It tries to utilise India’s IT prowess and to converge it to develop … Read more DMPQ: Start up India scheme